41. Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany mostly herbs but rarely also shrubs or http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/amaranth.htm

Amaranthaceae Each "thumbnail" image below is linked to a larger photograph. Gomphrena globosa, globe amaranth. The floral bracts and bractlets are colorful and showy and hide the perianth in this species. The staminal filaments form a column with pairs of appendages alternating with the anthers at the summit (visible most clearly in the third photo). The third photo shows two flowers removed from the head, one with the bracts completely removed and the other (left) with the bracts separated to reveal the basally hairy, hyaline, reddish-tipped perianth segments. Celosia argentea, cockscomb. The larger pink appendages of the central open flower comprise the calyx. The pink-rimmed, white crown-like structure bearing anthers is the androecium. The pistil with its green ovary and pink style can be seen in the center of the flower. The bracts and bractlets, smaller than the flowers in this case, are best seen in association with the unopened flowers. Achyranthes splendens.

42. The Educational Encyclopedia, Botany Plant herb index more than 1000 varieties of herbs plants. consists of over 2000 pictures organized within the context of an introductory botany course. http://users.telenet.be/educypedia/education/botany.htm

Science Animals Biology Botany Bouw ... Resources Botany Algemeen overzicht - Nederlands Botany topics General overview: English Plant and flower images Arboretum: Enghlish Aquarium plants Aquatic and invasive plants the world's largest information resource Aromatic herbs Botanical.com Botanical glossary encyclopedia of flowers and plants British trees reference material for all those interested in native british trees Carnivorous plant database Carnivorus plants eNature.com nature guide: over 4800 plants and animals Flori database landscape, garden and house plants Flowering plants families DATABASE Fruits of warm climates Gardenweb covering more than 90 different plants, regions and topics, glossary Grass genera of the world DATABASE plant nomenclature, names of plants, plant classification, meaning and origin of plant names, vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens Herbage: guide to herbs botanical information with historical and current uses Herbs, medicinal plants pictures

43. Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany herbs, shrubs, and trees comprising 30 genera and http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/nyctagin.htm

Nyctaginaceae The Nyctaginaceae are herbs, shrubs, and trees comprising 30 genera and 300 species further characterized by the presence of betalains and p-plastids. The leaves are simple, entire, estipulate, and usually opposite. The flowers are usually bisexual, have a 3-8-lobed uniseriate perianth of connate, petaloid sepals and are subtended by bracts that range in appearance from large and brightly colored to reduced and calyx-like. The androecium consists of 1-30 hypogynous, commonly unequal stamens that may be free or connate into a basal tube. The gynoecium is a single simple pistil with a superior ovary containing one locule and one basal ovule. The fruit is an achene that is often enveloped by the persistent base of the calyx tube. Each "thumbnail" image below is linked to a larger photograph. Abronia mellifera , sand verbena, W of Pasco, WA, 2002. Abronia villosa, sand verbena. Note the corolla-like nature of the tubular calyx. Allionia incarnata , trailing windmills, this seemingly actinomorphic "flower" is actually an inflorescence consisting of three tightly clustered zygomorphic flowers, vic. Tucson, AZ, March, 2004. Boerhavia repens

44. Botany Of Gesneriads GESNERIACEAE. African Violets and Gloxinias. Dr. B. Morley. The Gesneriaceae is a large family comprising mostly tropical herbs and shrubs. http://www.gesneriads.ca/gesneria.htm

This article is reproduced from Flowering Plants of the World (Updated Edition) , V. H. Heywood ed. Flowering Plants of the World is an excellent general reference to the flowering plants, with many detailed and beautiful illustrations by some of the most accomplished of modern botanical artists. It is published by Oxford University Press (New York, 1993). GESNERIACEAE African Violets and Gloxinias Dr. B. Morley The Gesneriaceae is a large family comprising mostly tropical herbs and shrubs. It includes many popular cultivated ornamentals, such as gloxinias and African violets. Distribution The 125 genera and 2,000 or so species are mostly pantropical, but some are temperate, in the Americas from Mexico to Chile, East, West and South Africa, Madagascar, Southeast Asia, Polynesia, Australasia, China, Japan and southern Europe. Diagnostic features Evolution of about half of the New World gesneriads has been partly by co-adaptation with bird pollinators, notably the hummingbird family which is restricted to the Americas. Typical hummingbird flowers are two-lipped, often red as in Columnea Asteranthera and some Sinningia species. Other pollinators such as bees, bats, butterflies, moths and flies have also been active in gesneriad evolution. In

45. Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany monoecious or dioecious herbs or http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/urtic.htm

Urticaceae The Urticaceae are monoecious or dioecious herbs or infrequently shrubs or small trees comprising 45 genera and 700 species, often with specialized stinging hairs. The leaves are alternate or opposite, simple, and almost always stipulate. The minute, unisexual flowers are in cymose clusters. The perianth is of mostly 4 or 5 undifferentiated tepals or is sometimes absent. The male flowers have a stamen opposite each perianth segment. The female flowers have a single simple pistil with a superior or inferior ovary that contains one basal ovule in its solitary locule. The stigma is brushlike and elongated or is capitate. The fruit is an achene or drupe; in a few species these coalesce to form a multiple. Each "thumbnail" image below is linked to a larger photograph. Boehmeria grandis , false nettle, 'akolea, endemic. Exserted stamens are visible in some of the male flowers in the enlarged image at the right. Boehmeria sp. Note cystolith in lithocyst of leaf. These "cyst stones" are of common occurrence in the family. Cecropia obtusifolia , trumpet tree, guarumo. 1, - habit; 2, - canopy, 3, shoot apex, note large, sheathing stipule, 4 - male inflorescences 5 - female inflorescences.

46. Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany herbs, shrubs, and trees with http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/rut.htm

Rutaceae Each "thumbnail" image below is linked to a larger photograph. Casimiroa edulis , white sapote. Small tree from Mexico and Central America, with somewhat apple-like fruit about 3 inches in diameter. The skin is thin, green or yellow, enclosing a soft, juicy, edible sweetish pulp. In Mexico, the bark, leaves and seeds are used medicinally to induce sleep. Citrus aurantifolia , Mexican lime. Citrus limon , lemon. Citrus maxima , zabon, pummelo. Citrus medica , Buddhas hand. Citrus paradisi, grapefruit. Oil glands are clearly visible on the fruit. Note also winged petioles, superior ovary, well developed nectary disk, and numerous stamens. Citrus reticulata, tangerine. Diosma ericoides. Fortunella sp, kumquat. Geijera multiflorum. Note the yellow nectary disk between the stamens and ovary. In this case only a single whorl of alternate stamens are present. Melicope sp., alani. Notice the stamens twice the number of petals and the conspicuous yellow nectary disk in this native Hawaiian species. Murraya koenigii . Note the glandular dots on the petals. Murraya paniculata , mock orange. Small tree or shrub from India to Malaya. This common hedge planting bears sweet-scented white flowers about half an inch across, and similarly sized inedible red fruits resembling miniature limes.

47. Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany fleshy herbs, soft shrubs, and infrequently small trees http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/piper.htm

Piperaceae The Piperaceae are fleshy herbs, soft shrubs, and infrequently small trees comprising 10 genera and 1,400 to 2,000 species. The nodes are commonly swollen or jointed. The leaves are alternate or rarely opposite or whorled, stipules are adnate to petiole or absent. The bisexual, or less commonly unisexual flowers are minute, lack perianth and usually are densely packed into rat-tail like spikes. Each flower is associated with a peltate, umbrella-like bract. The androecium consists of 1-10 stamens. The compound pistil has a superior ovary and consists of 1-5 carpels with a single locule and a solitary basal ovule. The fruit is a berry or drupe. Each "thumbnail" image below is linked to a larger photograph. Peperomia caperata. Note the tiny flowers in the rat-tail-like spike. Peperomia tetraphylla, 'ala 'ala wai-nui. Note the succulent leaves, fleshy stems, and rat-tail-like spikes of very tightly packed tiny flowers in this native Hawaiian species. Each tiny flower consists of a dark, protruding ovary with two flanking yellowish stamens. Associated with each flower, directly below the ovary, is a greenish peltate bract. Peperomia remyi

48. Mandragora: Magic Or Botany? Mandragora magic or botany? Images of the mandrake root, on the left from a medieval herbal, on the right from Gerarde s Herbal (1597). http://ise.uvic.ca/Library/SLT/ideas/herbs.html

Book: Chapter: Mandragora: magic or botany? Images of the mandrake root, on the left from a medieval herbal, on the right from Gerarde's Herbal The mandrake, with its branching roots, was thought to resemble a human figure, and to scream* when it was uprooted. Since the plant does contain a natural narcotic, it attracted much superstition* . The difference between the medieval and Renaissance illustrations here shows how the artist's eye learned to look at what was really there* , not what was said to be there by earlier writers. Friar Lawrence on herbs* More on herbals and herbal medicine* The background of ideas: New Knowledge. Page 12 of 20. Map Search Further reading Comments and questions ... University of Victoria

49. Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany herbs or rarely shrubs or trees comprising http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/papaver.htm

Papaveraceae The Papaveraceae are herbs or rarely shrubs or trees comprising 25 genera and 200 species that usually have milky or colored sap. The leaves are alternate and lack stipules. The flowers are actinomorphic, showy, and bisexual. The calyx consists of 2 or 3 distinct or rarely completely connate sepals that are usually torn off the receptacle as the bud opens. The corolla comprises 4-12 distinct petals in 1 or 2 whorls. The petals are usually crumpled in bud. The androecium consists of numerous stamens. The gynoecium consists of a single compound pistil with a superior ovary and usually many parietal ovules in a single locule. The two to many carpels equal the number of placentae and stigmas. The fruit is generally capsular and commonly dehisces by way of valves or by pores. Each "thumbnail" image below is linked to a larger photograph. Argemone glauca , pua kala, kala, naule, pokalakala. Note large, open, bowl-shaped flower typical of beetle pollination, 6 petals, numerous stamens and compound pistil in this Hawaiian native plant. Argemo ne mexicana Argemone munita Dendrom e con rigida

50. Mandragora: Magic Or Botany? Mandragora magic or botany? (Return) Friar Lawrence on herbs. One of Shakespeare s specialists on herbs is Friar Lawrence, in Romeo and Juliet. http://ise.uvic.ca/Library/SLTnoframes/ideas/herbs.html

Home Life Stage Society ... Next Mandragora: magic or botany? Images of the mandrake root, on the left from a medieval herbal, on the right from Gerarde's Herbal The mandrake, with its branching roots, was thought to resemble a human figure, and to scream* when it was uprooted. Since the plant does contain a natural narcotic, it attracted much superstition* . The difference between the medieval and Renaissance illustrations here shows how the artist's eye learned to look at what was really there* , not what was said to be there by earlier writers. Friar Lawrence on herbs* More on herbals and herbal medicine* [Notes] A mandrake's best friend The scream was so intense that it could kill those who heard it. The proper technique was to tie a dog to the plant (preferably at night, when the plant's powers were at their height), then call the dog from a distance, thus pulling it up. (Return) An aphrodisiac Amongst other things, it was considered to be an aphrodisiac, and to increase fertility: "Take of this herb [wild teasel] and temper it with the juice of mandrake, and give it to a bitch, or other beast, and it shall be great with a young one . . . and it shall bring forth the birth . . . of the which young one, if the tooth be taken and dipped in meat or drink, every one that shall drink thereof shall begin anon battle" (From The Book of Secrets of Albertus Magnus (Return) The mandrake's legs Though even the Renaissance engraving on the right shows the mandrake with roots that look suggestively like human (if somewhat hairy) legs.

51. Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany herbs, shrubs, or http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/oxalid.htm

Oxalidaceae The Oxalidaceae are herbs, shrubs, or rarely trees comprising 7 or 8 genera and about 800 species. The leaves are alternate and pinnately or palmately compound or rarely simple by suppression of leaflets; stipules are absent. The flowers are bisexual and actinomorphic. The perianth consists of a calyx of 5 distinct sepals and a corolla of 5 distinct or sometimes basally connate petals. The stamens are basally connate and obdiplostemonous, that is, of two series with the outer series opposite the petals; occasionally 5 stamens are reduced to staminodes. The gynoecium consists of a single compound pistil of 5 carpels, 5 distinct styles, and a superior ovary with 5 locules, each containing one or more axile ovules. The fruit is a loculicidal, sometimes explosively dehiscent capsule or berry. Each "thumbnail" image below is linked to a larger photograph. Averrhoa bilimbi, bilimbi. Note obdiplostemony and 5-merous perianth. Averrhoa carambola , star fruit, five fingers. Tree from Malaysia with waxy, juicy, five-angled, fruits that are eaten raw or preserved. A five lobed ovary with five persistent styles are visible in the lower center of the lower left photo. Oxalis corniculata

52. Botany 307F - Families Of Vascular Plants - Asteraceae ("Compositae") Vernonieae (II), 98/1530, mostly tropical, herbs, shrubs, trees, homogamous, K setose, C tubular (rarely ligulate). Images from botany at the University of Hawaii. http://www.botany.utoronto.ca/courses/BOT307/D_Families/307DAster.html

Asterales - Asteraceae ("Compositae") 1528 genera, 22,750 spp., worldwide; mainly herbaceous, but some are woody. Flowers in dense, pseudanthial heads (capitula), the common receptacle of these surrounded by an involucre of bracts; bisexual, or some female, sterile, or functionally male. Flowers all tubular and regular, or just the central ones (disk flowers), the marginal ones (ray flowers) irregular with strap-like (ligulate) corollas, or all flowers with ligulate or bilabiate corollas. Judd et al. 1999 , pp. 396-401. A synapomorphy for the Asteraceae (excluding the Barnadesieae) is a 22 kb inversion in the chloroplast genome (shown in color; LSC, large single-copy region; SSC, small single-copy region; IR, inverted repeat; trn X, tRNA genes). Rudbeckia hirta (Heliantheae) is illustrated below as an example of some of the morphological features that characterize the family (Br, floral bract; G, inferior ovary; C, tip of corolla tube; A, tip of staminal tube; St, lobe of stigma; at right, the staminal tube split and unrolled - note the free filaments). K ( pappus developing only on fruit or absent, of hairs, bristles, awns, or scales.

53. Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany herbs or rarely shrubs or vines comprising 50 genera and http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/ranuncul.htm

Ranunculaceae The Ranunculaceae are herbs or rarely shrubs or vines comprising 50 genera and 2,000 species. The leaves are typically alternate, compound, and estipulate. The flowers are actinomorphic or less commonly zygomorphic and are usually bisexual. The perianth is usually in two, often 5-merous cycles that may or may not be differentiated into calyx and corolla. The petals are usually nectariferous near the base, and in Ranunculus there is a flap of tissue in this position. Typical flowers have many helically disposed stamens and simple pistils on an elongated receptacle. All of the floral parts are distinct. Each pistil has a superior ovary with one locule and 1-several parietal ovules. A single flower commonly produces a cluster of achenes or follicles. Each "thumbnail" image below is linked to a larger photograph. A conitum columbianum , monkshood, Mt. Spokane, WA, 2003. Actaea rubra , baneberry, the red or white berries are poisonous, 1-2 - Alsea Falls, OR, 2002, 3-4 - Cascade Mts., OR. Anemone deltoidea, white windflower, Cascadia Park, OR, 2001.

54. Permaculture Links 3000. The Internet mining company has two interesting and comprehensive sections botany and herbs For Health. The AgriSurf! Agricultural http://www.scs.leeds.ac.uk/pfaf/Links_4.html

Back to Plants For A Future home page. Back to Main Links Page Botany, Database and Pictures Want to find out more about a particular plant, then have a look at the following links. On this page: Ethnobotany The study of the uses of plants world wide. Databases More information than you could possible dream of. Photos and pictures So what do all these wonderful plants look like? On other pages: Main Links Page Including: Permaculture Sustainable Agriculture Other Systems Organics ... News Groups and Mailing Lists One of the best ways for finding answers to specific queries is to ask others on the Internet, Theres a lot of knowledgeable people out there. Databases, Botany and Photos Various places where you can find more information about specific plants: Ethnobotany Databases Photos and pictures UK Permaculture Organisations Offline Lots of addresses of useful UK groups. Suppliers Places world wide where you can find interesting plants ( Fournisseurs de Plantes, Francais rather out of data). Other Links Other Links to non plant related sites, and reciprocal links. New Links Recient additions to the links page.

55. Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany herbs or rarely subshrubs comprising about http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/brassic.htm

Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) The Brassicaceae are herbs or rarely subshrubs comprising about 350 genera and 3,000 species. The leaves are alternate or rarely opposite and typically are simple but sometimes have deeply parted segments; stipules are lacking. The flowers are bisexual and almost always actinomorphic. The perianth consists of a calyx of 4 distinct sepals and typically a corolla of 4 distinct petals that are commonly clawed and diagonally disposed. The androecium is tetradynamous, consisting of 4 long inner stamens and 2 short outer stamens. The gynoecium consists of 2 carpels that are generally separated by a persistent false partition called a replum. The superior ovary is usually 2-loculed and bears few to many ovules on parietal placentae. At maturity, the 2 valves of the fruit typically separate, leaving the ovules attached to the persistent replum. Long, narrow fruits of this family are called siliques, short broad ones are called silicles. Each "thumbnail" image below is linked to a larger photograph. Capsella bursa-pastoris

56. FMPDCL: BOTANY AND HORTICULTURE institutions. Botanical Latin; CSU Bioweb botany Page; Botanical.Com A comprehensive site devoted to resources on botany and herbs. A http://web.lemoyne.edu/~mcmahon/gardens.html

BOTANY AND HORTICULTURE Silvanus, deus agrorum (Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe. Photo J. McMahon) Updated 8/05/00 Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania : A personal favorite and home to the Pennsylvania Flora Project , featuring a searchable list of the Keystone State's native and naturalized plants. New York Botanical Garden Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew Botany from the Smithsonian Brooklyn Botanic Garden ... Fairchild Tropical Garden : One of the world's premier botanic gardens, featuring plants such as cycads, palms, and other tropical specimens. Missouri Botanical Garden The International Aroid Society : Hosted at the MBG, the IAS is devoted to the study of the Arum Family ( Araceae Pukeiti Rhododendron Trust The Royal Botanical Gardens U. of Delaware Botanic Gardens U. of Georgia Botany Dept. ... Internet Directory for Botany: The premiere site for botanical information worldwide. Some noteworthy botanical sites: Encyclopedia of Plants : Useful for common and scientific names, plant culture, etc. Plants and People Online : A joint effort of World Wildlife Fund International, UNESCO and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

57. Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany herbs, shrubs or trees comprising about http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/boragin.htm

Boraginaceae The Boraginaceae are herbs, shrubs or trees comprising about 100 genera and 2,000 species that have flowers in helicoid cymes and often have herbage that is coarsely hairy. The leaves are simple, mostly entire, and alternate; stipules are lacking. The flowers are nearly always bisexual and actinomorphic. The calyx consists of 5 distinct or connate sepals. The corolla is 5-merous, sympetalous, and often has small appendages in the throat. The androecium consists of 5 distinct stamens adnate to the corolla tube or perigynous zone and alternate with the corolla lobes. The gynoecium consists of a single compound pistil of 2 carpels, a single, often gynobasic style, and a superior, often deeply 4-lobed ovary with 4 locules, each containing a single basal-axile ovule. An annular nectary disk is sometimes present. The fruit consists of 4 1-seeded nutlets or a 1-4-seeded nut or drupe. Each "thumbnail" image below is linked to a larger photograph. Anchusa officinalis . Note the faucal appendages in the throat of the corolla that are common in the family. Amsinkia sp., fiddleneck. The common name comes from the shape of the inf

58. Find Buy Shop Botany New On Updated! Search Results: Buy Shop Botany New Magic Plants - Charms - herbs - Occult sciences - herbs (botany) - New Age / Parapsychology http//www.eshop-solutions.com/books/botany.html. http://www.updated.com/search/index.php?text=Buy Shop botany New

59. Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany herbs, shrubs, or rarely small trees comprising http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/campanul.htm

Campanulaceae Each "thumbnail" image below is linked to a larger photograph. Comparison of subfamilies Campanuloideae and Lobelioideae. On the left a cross section of a typical ovary in the subfamily Lobelioideae shows 2 locules and numerous axile ovules. On the right is a typical ovary of the Campanuloideae with 5 locules and numerous axile ovules. The cut surfaces show some evidence of milky sap. Campanula sp. (Campanuloideae) Platycodon grandiflorum , balloon flower (Campanuloideae). Notice the actinomorphic, 5-merous nature of the open flower and the inferior ovary of the old flowers in the background. This is a good example of a protandrous flower, one that has the androecium maturing before the gynoecium. The stamens that were earlier connivent around the style have now spread apart and are beginning to shed pollen. The stigmatic lobes are still firmly pressed together with the receptive surfaces unavailable for pollination. These lobes would spread apart and expose the receptive surfaces in the next phase of maturation of the flower. Protrandry is one mechanism that inhibits self pollination in plants. Wallenbergia ? (Campanuloideae). The stigmatic lobes have separated in this flower. Notice the withered stamens and the actinomorphic nature of the flower.

60. Botany & Birds botany Ornithology. You can hear the water lapping on the quay side, the goat herbs.jpg (63217 bytes)bells in the olive groves and the donkeys braying to each http://www.amorgos.dial.pipex.com/nature_notes.htm

Amorgos the Secret Jewel of the Cyclades Special-Interest- Holidays.com with 'Nature Trail Amorgos'- Promoting Eco-Tourism Sunvil Holidays Sunvil House Upper Square Old Isleworth Middlesex United Kingdom e-mail :- greece@sunvil.co.uk or e-mail us direct on Amorgos: exec at dial.pipex.com The Island is a sensory delight, the moment that you step off the boat you see the rugged mountainous scenery, clear blue sea and white sandy beaches. You can hear the water lapping on the quay side, the goat bells in the olive groves and the donkeys braying to each other across the valleys. Most of all however, you can smell the herbs, usually this is your first impression of Amorgos as the scent is carried in the air across the sea to the ship as you approach the island. There are a great variety of herbs but the predominant ones are: Amorgos Mint Basil Chamomile Fennel Marjoram Oregano Rosemary Sage Thyme The islanders still use these herbs both fresh and dried for both culinary and medicinal use in addition to making scented combinations to hang in rooms or cupboards. You can pick the herbs yourself and take them home with you or buy products all over the world which are made from them. These herbs are the ultimate in organic and natural produce. Click on the Herb Guide for a comprehensive use of all the Herbs of Amorgos.

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