41. Wrightslaw - The Special Ed Advocate, June 21, 2001 sports and his participation in special Olympics, school negligent in education of disabled student Ruling A hawaii legislative committee announced plans to http://www.wrightslaw.com/advoc/nwltr/2001/nl_0621.htm

Wrights law The Special Ed Advocate Newsletter June 21, 2001 Home Advocacy Libraries Newsletter Archives June 21 Home Issue: 119 ISSN: 1538-3202 July 7-10 - Seattle, WA July 17-18 - Sacramento, CA July 21 - Grand Rapids, MI Full Schedule Subscribe Your Email: Check Email for spelling select a page . . . Home Our Books What's New Sitemap Press Topics **Advocacy** Articles FAQ's Tips Newsletters **Law** Articles Caselaw Pleadings Regs **Topics** Advocacy ADD/ADHD Autism Damages Discipline Discriminations Due Process Eligilibity Evaluations FAPE High Stakes Tests IDEA IDEA 2002 IEPs LRE/Inclusion Mediation No Child Left NCLB Info NCLB Directories Research Based Inst. Private Schools Letter Writing Placement Safe Guards Related Services Retaliation School Personnel Transition **Pubs** Spec. Ed. Law FETA Newsletter Flyers **Services** Orders Our Seminars Consults Communities Headline News Updates **Resources** Free Pubs Free Newsletters Disability Groups State DOEs PTI Centers International State Yellow Pgs Best School Sites Asmnt Terms **Book Store** Best Of Disabilities Special Ed IEPs Legal Strategy Negotiate Parents Kids Updates **Other** Search Subscribe About Us Link to Us Home Wrightslaw Home Our Books What's New Sitemap ... Topics Advocacy Library Doing Your Homework Articles FAQ's Tips ... Newsletter Archives Law Library Articles Caselaw Topics Advocacy ADD/ADHD Autism Damages ... Retaliation Highlights:

42. Wrightslaw - News - Judge Finds State Demonstrated "Deliberate Indifference" - A in the provision of education to disabled children Maui District Office, and State of hawaii officials stated that it was clear that special education children http://www.wrightslaw.com/news/2001/hawaii_damages2.htm

Search our Site Wrightslaw l No Child Left Behind l Fetaweb l Yellow Pages for Kids l Harbor House Law Press Home News State Liable for Damages (June 21, 2001) July 7-10 - Seattle, WA July 17-18 - Sacramento, CA July 21 - Grand Rapids, MI Full Schedule Subscribe Your Email: Check Email for spelling select a page . . . Home Our Books What's New Sitemap Press Topics **Advocacy** Articles FAQ's Tips Newsletters **Law** Articles Caselaw Pleadings Regs **Topics** Advocacy ADD/ADHD Autism Damages Discipline Discriminations Due Process Eligilibity Evaluations FAPE High Stakes Tests IDEA IDEA 2002 IEPs LRE/Inclusion Mediation No Child Left NCLB Info NCLB Directories Research Based Inst. Private Schools Letter Writing Placement Safe Guards Related Services Retaliation School Personnel Transition **Pubs** Spec. Ed. Law FETA Newsletter Flyers **Services** Orders Our Seminars Consults Communities Headline News Updates **Resources** Free Pubs Free Newsletters Disability Groups State DOEs PTI Centers International State Yellow Pgs Best School Sites Asmnt Terms **Book Store** Best Of Disabilities Special Ed IEPs Legal Strategy Negotiate Parents Kids Updates **Other** Search Subscribe About Us Link to Us Home Wrightslaw Home Our Books What's New Sitemap ... Topics Advocacy Library Doing Your Homework Articles FAQ's Tips ... Newsletter Archives Law Library Articles Caselaw Topics Advocacy ADD/ADHD Autism Damages ... Retaliation "Deliberate Indifference" - State Liable for Damages

43. Why We Need Special Purpose Revenue Bonds For Private Schools In Hawaii independent schools are realizing that “special Purpose Revenue to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act In hawaii’s weak economy, however, funds http://www.hais.org/monographs/mono_need sprb.htm

Why We Need Special Purpose Revenue Bonds for Private Schools in Hawaii A special need presently exists within the private school community. Challenging economic conditions in Hawaii have created difficulties for schools to make ends meet on an operational basis. “Deferred maintenance” has become the rule regarding capital improvement to repair existing facilities. For this reason, independent schools are realizing that “Special Purpose Revenue Bonds,” as they are called here in Hawaii, could be an effective method to finance major capital expansion or renovation projects. Conventional methods of raising capital funds are presently limited and may not improve in the near future. Schools, public and private, must maintain the buildings and facilities on their campuses. During the 1990’s, significant funds were expended specifically to renovate school buildings to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act. This effort, along with demands for other renovation and construction, requires substantial funding. Traditionally, independent schools have used a combination of capital funds drives, tuition increases, and endowment funds to finance renovation and construction.

44. Early Childhood Focus - News Topic: Special Needs of children with learning disabilities are on the of longstanding difficulties with special education in sees progress in hawaii s special education Submitted http://www.earlychildhoodfocus.org/modules.php?name=News&new_topic=16&p=4

45. Early Childhood Education For Children With Disabilities In New Zealand and predictable resourcing framework for special education and Systems (AEPS) and the hawaii Early Learning education alongside their nondisabled peers, and a http://www.disabilityworld.org/April-May2000/Children/NewZealand.htm

Early Childhood Education for Children with Disabilities in New Zealand By Lesley Adams, Manager New Zealand CCS, North Taranaki and Pat Hanley, National Policy Manager, New Zealand CCS, Wellington There have been significant changes in New Zealand over the past decade in the development and delivery of Early Intervention Programmes. This year has seen the formation of The Early Intervention Association of Aotearoa New Zealand* and the first National Early Intervention Conference. The approach for Early Intervention in New Zealand is family focused, meaning that the services will focus on the child within the context of the Parent/Whanau/Caregiver* in the wider context of the community. It is based on partnership between the service providers and the Parent/Whanau/ Caregiver. The intent is to adopt the least intrusive model of intervention from all service providers. Progress over 10 years New special education policy During the early 1990's significant work was undertaken to develop a specific policy to address the needs of students with disabilities and special needs. This work resulted in the "Special Education 2000" Policy. The implementation of this robust policy began in 1997 with an expectation that it would be completed by the year 2000. The aims of this policy are: * To improve educational opportunities and outcomes for children with special needs in the early childhood and school sectors * To ensure there is a clear, consistent and predictable resourcing framework for special education and

46. Hawaii State Plan For Vocational Rehabilitation of Health s Children With special needs Branch to jointly serve individuals with disabilities under the age with the University of hawaii/Community College http://dlir.state.hi.us/wia/section_3_1.htm

State: HAWAII STATE PLAN for VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION Effective July 1, 2000 Submitted as part of Hawaii's Workforce Investment Act Unified State Plan and referred to as Chapter 4 Vocational Rehabilitation State Plan. This State Plan meets the requirements for both the State Plan for Vocational Rehabilitation Services Program and the State Plan Supplement for the State Supported Employment Services Program. STATE PLAN FOR THE STATE VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION SERVICES PROGRAM AND STATE PLAN SUPPLEMENT FOR THE STATE SUPPORTED EMPLOYMENT SERVICES PROGRAM STATE: HAWAII AGENCY: DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SERVICES AGENCY TYPE: GENERAL BLIND COMBINED X SECTION 1: LEGAL BASIS AND STATE CERTIFICATIONS The DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SERVICES (name of designated State agency or designated State unit) is authorized to submit this State plan under title I of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended and its supplement under title VI, part B of the Act. As a condition for the receipt of Federal funds under title I, part B of the Act for the provision of vocational rehabilitation services, the DEPARMENT OF HUMAN SERVICES (name of the designated State agency) agrees to operate and administer the State Vocational Rehabilitation Services Program in accordance with the provisions of this State plan , the Act, and all applicable regulations , policies, and procedures established by the Secretary. Funds made available under section 111 of the Act are used solely for the provision of vocational rehabilitation services under title I and the administration of this State plan.

47. Autism Society Of Hawaii to IDEA, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. The proposed changes would change special education drastically to when their child’s needs are not http://www.autismhawaii.org/spedvoters/Issues/S1248/COPAA.htm

SPED Voters Home Issues Events Resources ... Contact Us LISTSERVE the Council of Parent Attorneys and Advocates We are fighting on one of the many fronts against the neoright's counteroffensive against the progress toward social justice we have achieved over the past half century. Bills in both the House and the Senate to reauthorize the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act would weaken the chance that disabled students will receive a free, appropriate public education, and take away what little leverage parents have to force schools to meet their obligations toward their children. I hope you will take time to write, not only to the key Senators listed in the alert, but also to the Hawai`i delegation (contact infor at the bottom), to ask that they fight to protect the rights of disabled children to a free appropriate public education, and to urge then not to support either HB 1350 nor SB 1248 without major revision. If you want more information about the IDEA and reauthorization, I suggest:

48. Recent Articles law called the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and communities, parents and their special needs children will President, Autism Society of hawaii. http://www.autismhawaii.org/spedvoters/news.htm

SPED Voters Home Issues Events Resources ... Contact Us Recent Articles Mon, 19 May 2003 15:42:06 -1000 Honolulu Star Bulletin Letter to the Editor Case's idea won't help special-ed situation As a taxpayer, Department of Education teacher and parent of a special-needs child, I am troubled by Rep. Ed Case's amendment to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (Star-Bulletin, April 22), which would base attorneys' fees for representing disabled students on rates set by the governor of each state. Apparently I have more confidence in our court's discretion than Case does. One wonders why the attorney general's lawyers representing the DOE are not prevailing. Perhaps the governor should seek legal advice from the private sector. The federal government, which updated IDEA in 1997, must cover a substantially higher percentage of the costs. Case would do well to redirect his carte blanche issue toward the feds who need to provide more financial support.

49. Resources And Information - Find Library Articles By Topic Child with special needs A guide to adopting an international child with special needs. hawaii State Resources hawaii resources for disabilities. http://library.adoption.com/information/Resources-and-Information/404/1.html

adoption.com local info forums photolisting ... Community you are here: adoption.com library by topic special needs ... submit content resources adoption encyclopedia adoption glossary adoption acronyms adoption laws ... lullabies adoption forums choose one guatemala international adoptive parents support russia adoption adoptees birthparents community foster care sealed records adoptee support special needs Resources and Information Articles 8 Steps to Better IEP Meetings: Advice about IEP meetings. A Bibliography for Schools on Mental Health/Mental Illness Schools for the mentally challenge. A Student's Guide to the IEP IEP is a program designed for your child's disability. A Whole New Life! Accomplishment and visualization. About Public Agencies Public agencies and state resources for families with disabilities. Adopting an International Child with Special Needs A guide to adopting an international child with special needs. Alabama State Resources Alabama resources for disabilities. Alaska State Resources Alaske resources for disabilities. Alcohol and HIV/AIDS The patterns of HIV transmission in the United States. Alcohol and Minorities: An Update Research on differences in alcohol use and problems.

50. Special Education Enrollment: A Practical Primer - Hawaii - GreatSchools.net impairment; Emotional disturbance; Specific learning disability; and needs of special education students http://www.greatschools.net/cgi-bin/showarticle/hi/22/parent

Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington Washington, D.C. West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Sign up for our free newsletter to help your child succeed in school. Sign Up Edit Subscription Complete List of Articles Search Articles: or Browse Our Glossary and/or AL AK AZ AR CA CO CT DC DE FL GA HI ID IL IN IA KS KY LA ME MD MA MI MN MS MO MT NE NV NH NJ NM NY NC ND OH OK OR PA RI SC SD TN TX UT VT VA WA WV WI WY Search by: County or Address School or District Name City State Special Education Enrollment: A Practical Primer Your child has rights and you've got responsibilities. This guide tells you what to expect and how to prepare for enrolling your child in special education.

51. USATODAY.com - Senate Approves Expanded Special Education Bill locations, identification of children with special needs, reducing the who are improperly labeled as disabled. http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2004-05-13-special-education_x.htm

Cars Jobs Franchises Business Opportunities ... Weather Politics Politics home Politics briefs Latest polls Political calendar Washington Washington home Washington briefs Government Guide Law Center Health Health home Medical resources Health information Editorial/Opinion Ed/Op home Columnists Cartoons More News Top news briefs Nation briefs World briefs States ... Talk Today Posted 5/13/2004 1:50 PM Today's Top News Stories Reagan ceremonies to shift to nation's capital Bush seeks wider NATO role in Iraq Wholesale inventories fall unexpectedly in April Final 9/11 report slams FBI, CIA ... Add USATODAY.com headlines to your Web site E-Mail Newsletters Sign up to receive our free Daily Briefing e-newsletter and get the top news of the day in your inbox. E-mail: Select one: HTML Text Breaking News E-Mail Alerts Get breaking news in your inbox as it happens Senate approves expanded special education bill The only main point of contention was over money, as senators overwhelmingly agreed to allow accelerated spending in coming years but rejected an attempt to made the increases mandatory. The Senate voted 95-3 to renew and update the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, the 1975 law guaranteeing equal education to, by last count, 6.7 million children with disabilities.

52. What's New For March-99 808) 9565713, e-mail stodden@hawaii.edu, website http//www.cds.hawaii.edu. Learning Disabilities, Vision Impairment. special needs and Technology, Psychology. http://www.cew.wisc.edu/nidrr/whats_new_for_march99.htm

Updated March 26, 1999 Access Board's Electronic Information Technology Access Advisory Committee (EITAAC) URL: http://trace.wisc.edu/docs/eitaac/ This workspace is being maintained by the Trace Center RERC in support of the Access Board's EITAAC. It consists of working documents, scratch work and reference materials being created or used by the committee. If you are aware of other issues, topics or resource materials that would be of interest to the committee, drop a note to the committee chair, Dr. Larry Scadden at lscadden@nsf.gov Missouri College Guidebook [for individuals with disabilities] URL: http://www.stlcc.cc.mo.us/fv/moahead/tableofc.htm Table Of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction How To Use This Guide Documentation What Diagnostic Information Will I Need? Guidelines For Evaluation Reports Laws Student's Legal Rights And Responsibilities Comparison Between The Idea, Section 504, And The ADA Transition Differences Between High School And College Legal Academic Environment Responsibilities Stress/Support Physical Environment Differences Between Post-secondary Schools Vocational Technical Schools Community Colleges Bachelor Degree Colleges/Universities What To Expect From Post-secondary Institutions Preparation College/University Selection What Parents Can Do To Help Students With Disabilities Prepare For Postsecondary Education

53. Journal For Vocational Special Needs Education Home Page 2004) UAP, University of hawaii, Honolulu, HI. Past President/Historian Terry Bohannon, special Services Co and transition services for person with disabilities. http://www.cew.wisc.edu/jvsne/

Last updated on Wednesday, January 21, 2004 NAVESNP Membership Applicationdownload a copy here [pdf file] JVSNE Call for Manuscripts-download a copy here [pdf file] [Last update, January 21, 2004] Resources for Writers and Researchers [Last update, September 5, 2002] Journal for Vocational Special Needs Education Call for Manuscripts Style Guide When preparing your manuscript, please follow the publication guidelines found in the 5th edition of the APA Publication Manual. To order a copy on line, go to http://www.apastyle.org/ Type and Length Seven types of manuscripts are accepted for publication in the Journal: research reports, literature reviews, topical papers, descriptions of model programs or practices, reaction papers, brief reports, and department column articles. All manuscripts will be judged according to the following criteria: importance of the topic to practitioners and scholars in the vocational special needs education; potential to directly or indirectly enhance services provided to students in vocational special needs programs: validity of the contents;

54. FindLaw: Overview Of Special Education Law - Attorney, Attorneys, Lawyer, Lawyer a)(3)). After the evaluation, a disabled child may and services to address his or her special needs. http://public.findlaw.com/education/nolo/ency/2E06A1AB-AE4D-4F8E-9BC2971C8DE086D

FindLaw For the Public For Legal Professionals For Business ... Other Resources Find A Lawyer Select type of practice: Popular Topics Bankruptcy Law Car Accidents Criminal Law Divorce DUI / DWI Family Law Medical Malpractice Personal Injury Products Liability Real Estate Law More Topics Adoption Animal Bites Asbestos Aviation Accidents Bankruptcy Law Car Accidents Car Defects Child Support Civil Rights Consumer Protection Contracts Criminal Law Criminal Law - Federal Debtor/Creditor Discrimination Divorce DUI/DWI Education Law Elder Law Employees' Rights Estate Planning Family Law Gov't Agencies/Programs Housing Defects Immigration Law Insurance Law Internet - Cyberspace Labor Law Landlord/Tenant Legal Malpractice Lemon Law Medical Malpractice Nursing Home Personal Injury Premises Liability Products Liability Law Professional Malpractice Real Estate Law Securities Law Sexual Harassment Soc. Sec. - Disability State/Local Law Taxation Law Toxic Substances Traffic Violations Transportation Law Trusts Wills Workers' Comp. Wrongful Death Complete List Enter City or Zip: Alaska Alabama Arkansas Arizona California Colorado Connecticut Washington D.C.

55. Our Children’s Right To An Excellent And Equitable Education Is At Risk! The League of special Education Voters; www.Our Children Left Congress; National disabled Students Union; Learning Disabilities Association of hawaii,; http://www.tash.org/govaffairs/ideaalertmay04.htm

Equity, Opportunity and Inclusion for People with Disabilities since 1975. 2004 TASH Conference November 17 - 20 * Reno Hilton SAVE on Early Registration! 2004 TASH Teleconferences Series 1: Inclusive Education Series 2: Adult Services TASH and Allies oppose Senate bill 1248 Amendments will undermine educational rights and jeopardize access to high quality instruction and school inclusion! Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor And Pensions United States Senate Washington D.C. 20510 Dear Senator Gregg and Senator Kennedy, Our organizations do not support S. 1248 that seeks to amend Part B of the individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) because this bill takes away those protections necessary to ensure that our children shall not be left behind. We cannot and will not support any legislation that denies our children with disabilities their hard-earned civil rights. Now is not the time to eliminate critical protections designed to ensure accountability from IDEA. Protections that: Mandate that these children "stay-put" in their current educational placement and not have their educational programs disrupted when their parents challenge any proposed exclusion in excess of 10 school days for allegedly inappropriate behavior that is non-dangerous, non drug, non weapon related, and often a manifestation of disability, an inappropriate IEP or the failure to implement an appropriate IEP;

56. Los Angeles Times - Registration If you re meeting an arriving traveler with special needs, you can also ask the But if friends or family members want to accompany a disabled passenger to or http://www.latimes.com/travel/la-111801holiday-travel-needs.story

Home Home Delivery Site Map Archives ... Help Join now! Careers Cars Homes Apartments ... MyPQA Member Support Talk to Us How to Contact Us Letters to the Editor About the Site Finding Articles Content We Don't Have Site Map Advertise with Us ... Business Contacts Inside the Times Media Center Subscribe to the Paper Jobs at the Times Help Archives Crossword Puzzles PDF Files Legal Issues Terms of Service The World The Nation Business ... Editorials, Op-Ed Sections Books Chess Columns Education ... Corrections Editions Print Edition National (PDF) Wireless Extras College Connection Sweepstakes Crossword Horoscope ... Week in Focus Archives Enter Keyword(s): Detailed Search SITE MAP Subscribe Manage My Account ... Recycler.com Partners Wednesday, June 9, 2004 The story you requested is available only to registered members Registration is FREE and offers great benefits Click here to register if you are not a registered member of latimes.com. Classifieds and Marketplace do NOT require registration. Already registered? Login here: Member Name: Password: If you are already a registered member, but do not remember your username and/or password

57. Global Interaction, Inc. China-U.S. Conference-Students With Special Needs--Way Sanchez email seaofdref001@hawaii.rr.com Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities Education, Research serving students with special needs to submit http://www.globalinteractions.org/2004-Students/Students-WaysToParticipate.htm

CHINA INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE CENTER FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN GLOBAL INTERACTIONS, INC. ~WAYS TO PARTICIPATE~ COOPERATING ORGANIZATIONS To apply to become a Cooperating Organization, click HERE CONTACT THESE ORGANIZATIONS AND JOIN THEM IN BEIJING FOR THE CONFERENCE! Arizona Federation of the Council for Exceptional Children Lorie Gerkey, President email: lagerKey@mpsaz.org Arkansas Federation of the Council for Exceptional Children Brook Charton - President website: http://af1.afsc.k12.ar.us/cec/ Autism Society of America Ronita Wisniewsky e-mail: media@autism-society.org website: www.autism-society.org Center on Disability and Community Inclusion University of Vermont Susan Yuan, Associate Director e-mail: Susan.Yuan@uvm.edu website: www.uvm.edu/~cdci/ Council of Administrators of Special Education (CASE) Luann Purcell e-mail: lpurcell@bellsouth.net

58. BJU - Education Faculty of mission teams to hawaii, Korea, Japan Disturbance, Characteristics of Learning Disabilities, Teaching Language for students with special needs; Coauthor of http://www.bju.edu/academics/se/faculty/spec

A A A Alphabetical Site Index Contact Information home academics admissions events ... Graduate Studies Education Faculty Division of Special Education Joe Sutton Chairman jsutton@bju.edu Educational Background: B.S. in mathematics education, BJU; M.A.Ed. in school administration, ECU; M.A.Ed. in special education/learning disabilities, East Carolina University; Ph.D. in special education, University of Virginia Work Experience: Adjunct math professor, Greenville Technical College; Adjunct instructor, University of Virginia; Teaching/research assistant, University of Virginia; Special education administrative intern, Charlottesville (VA) Public Schools; Pre-school special education teacher, Charlottesville Public School summer program; Special education teacher, Dobbs School, Kinston, NC; Assistant high school principal/math teacher/coach, Grace Christian School, Kinston, NC; Math teacher/coach, Goldsboro (NC) Christian School Courses Taught: Graduate/doctoral level - Readings in Special Education, Directed Teaching in SPED, Principles of Administration, Psychoeducational Assessment, Advanced Teaching Techniques for the Mildly Disabled; Undergraduate/graduate - Internship in Special Education, Behavior Management, Teaching Math to the Mildly Disabled, Directed Teaching in SPED, Introduction to Exceptional Learners, Introduction to Education

59. Autreat 1998: Presenters is the Secretary of Disability Rights hawaii, a grassroots selfemployed as a special needs worker and and adults with neurological disabilities and numerous http://ani.autistics.org/aut98-presenters.html

AUTISM NETWORK INTERNATIONAL AUTREAT 1998 : Celebrating Our Worlds August 23 - 26, 1998, Canandaigua, NY INFORMATION ABOUT PRESENTERS Ron Amundson, Ph.D., is a professor of philosophy at the University of Hawaii at Hilo. He studies the history and philosophy of science, and disability rights. He is the Secretary of Disability Rights Hawaii, a grassroots advocacy group. Jared Blackburn is an M.A. student in psychology at the University of Tennessee (Knoxville). He was diagnosed as autistic in first grade, after being referred by a concerned teacher (who thought he was mentally retarded). He has a B.A. in psychology. He has research interests in the cortical functioning (coherence, phase, and asymmetry) of people with pervasive developmental disorders, and he hopes to become a neuropsychologist. Carla Bradley, Ph.D., is an assistant professor in counseling and human services at Syracuse University. Her professional interests include cross-cultural counseling, community agency counseling and clinical supervision, and child rearing practices in families. She has spent seven years as a practitioner in mental health counseling. Bud Cooney, M.S.

60. Tear Down The Walls on Disability Studies of the University of hawaii at Manoa the political spectrum think that people with disabilities need special schools, workshops and http://www.scvotersforcleanelections.com/point/0010/p14.html

Tear Down the Walls The fight against state-sponsored segregation BY HARRIET MCBRYDE JOHNSON AND BRIAN EAST H ard-won rights of people with disabilities hang in the balance as the U.S. Supreme Court considers whether Congress exceeded its power 10 years ago when it banned disability discrimination by the states. On June 22, 1999, the disability community won a major Supreme Court victory against state oppression. In Olmstead v. L.C. , the court ruled that states violate civil rights when they segregate people with disabilities into isolated institutions as a condition of receiving services that could be provided in freedom. The case upheld the "integration mandate" of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Public policy has pushed people with disabilities from communities into various types of disability ghettos. Separate schools, workshops and institutions have been the norm, regardless of the individual's desires, needs or potential. The Olmstead decision received far less attention than three unfavorable ADA decisions on employment discrimination issued the same day. But its importance is well understood within the disability rights movement. Historically, public policy has pushed people with disabilities from communities into various types of disability ghettos. Separate schools, workshops and institutions have been the norm, regardless of the individual's desires, needs or potential.

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