61. Traditional Homosexualities EWS 407 goorjigeen; ceet Nigeria - woman-woman marriage among hausa. Europe, contact with Asia, Pacific, africa, ME, Americas, even indigenous people of Europe http://www.csupomona.edu/~ddwills/courses/ews407/Traditional Homosexualities.htm

EWS 407 Traditional, indigenous, non-western, pre-colonial sexuality and gender and What happens to them in the European imperialist period and The modern and post-modern setting? EWS 407 May 23, 2002, 1-2:50 3:108, Cal Poly An Anthropological Look at Same-Sex Love When I went to Senegal - goor-jigeen; ceet Nigeria - woman-woman marriage among Hausa - global perspective on homosexuality - considerable literature now; when I was in grad school in the '70s, almost none - important distinction between DESIRE (personal feeling) BEHAVIOR (individual and group acts) IDENTITY (political/social/cultural affiliation) - all of which informed by culture, experience, and heredity (social constructivist perspective - can't understand persons outside of communities) - research perspective: the two most difficult topics: Money and Sex - research problem: local cultural rights vs. universal human rights language, definition, culture - problem with terms like 'traditional', 'indigenous', 'family'(co-opted by fundamentalists) - in anthropology, tradition refers to a long-standing cultural practice, such as Greek boy love or the extended family household in many places, not to any institution of the past (e.g., 1950s TV imaginary nuclear family) that people want to elevate; indigenous refers to a custom, belief, product, etc., of a native or original people, not just anything believed to be primordial or primitive (usually fantasy, such as "killer ape man")

62. Africa Nigeria. Abuja. English, hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani. Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages. 54 countries, over 1000 languages, 797 million people. http://members.tripod.com/the_english_dept/africa.html

THE ENGLISH DEPARTMENT English Speaking Countries in Africa North America Central America and the Caribbean South America ... Australia and Oceania Go to Home Site Map School Students Teachers Epals Brazil English Speaking Countries Personal Page This site belongs to Barbara Dieu EFL teacher and coordinator of the Foreign Language Department Lycée Pasteur, Curso Experimental Bilingue São Paulo, Brazil homebase for This is Our Time Project (French and Portuguese Speaking Countries) Last updated domingo 21 abril, 2002 19:12 [back to the top] Thanks to Mooney's Mini Flags Country Capital Language Botswana Gaborone English, Setswana Cameroon Yaonde English, French + 24 major African language groups The Gambia Banjul English, Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars Ghana Accra English, African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga) Kenya Nairobi English , Kiswahili , numerous indigenous languages

63. Africa.iafrica.com | Countryinfo | Niger | People NIGER People. Population expatriates. Religions Muslim 80%, remainder indigenous beliefs and Christians. Languages French (official), hausa, Djerma. http://africa.iafrica.com/countryinfo/niger/people/

var fullhost = window.location.hostname; document.cookie = 'site_session=5;domain=' + fullhost + ';path=/;'; Communities: [ h o m e ] AFRICA NEWS Exchange Rates African Sites World Links Travel in Africa Wed, 09 Jun 2004 NIGER general geography people ... travel [Select country] Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Cent.Afr.Rep Chad Comoros Cote D'Ivoire DRC Djibouti Egypt Eq. Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia, The Ghana Guinea Guinea Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rep. of Congo Reunion Rwanda Sao Tome Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa St Helena Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda W. Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe Stock Exchange Egypt Ghana Kenya Malawi Mauritius Namibia Nigeria South Africa Tanzania Tunisia Zimbabwe You are in: Country Info Niger People NIGER People Population: 9 962 242 (July 1999 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 48% (male 2 445 536; female 2 346 844) 15-64 years: 50% (male 2 421 971; female 2 518 248) 65 years and over: 2% (male 121 253; female 108 390) (1999 est.)

64. Africa.iafrica.com | Countryinfo | Nigeria | People NIGERIA People. Religions Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%. Languages English (official), hausa, Yoruba, Ibo, Fulani. http://africa.iafrica.com/countryinfo/nigeria/people/

var fullhost = window.location.hostname; document.cookie = 'site_session=5;domain=' + fullhost + ';path=/;'; Communities: [ h o m e ] AFRICA NEWS Exchange Rates African Sites World Links Travel in Africa Wed, 09 Jun 2004 NIGERIA general geography people ... travel [Select country] Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Cent.Afr.Rep Chad Comoros Cote D'Ivoire DRC Djibouti Egypt Eq. Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia, The Ghana Guinea Guinea Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rep. of Congo Reunion Rwanda Sao Tome Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa St Helena Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda W. Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe Stock Exchange Egypt Ghana Kenya Malawi Mauritius Namibia Nigeria South Africa Tanzania Tunisia Zimbabwe You are in: Country Info Nigeria People NIGERIA People Population: 113 828 587 (July 1999 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 45% (male 25 613 974; female 25 397 166) 15-64 years: 52% (male 30 272 539; female 29 197 611) 65 years and over: 3% (male 1 678 732; female 1 668 565) (1999 est.)

65. SIM Country Profile: Mauritius Ethnic Groups There are no indigenous peoples; all ethnic groups immigrated within the descended from early settlers, who brought workers from africa for the http://www.sim.org/country.asp?cid=32&fun=2

66. World Racism (photo UN file) africa Human Rights more. neoNazism, indigenous peoples. http://www.worldracism.com/

Search the World News Network Any Language Afrikaans Czech Danish Dutch English Finnish French German Hausa Hungarian Indonesian Italian Malay Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Slovak Spanish Swahili Swedish Tagalog Turkish Advanced Search Crime Racism Refugees ... Site Map WN RELATED Aborigine News Amnesty Civil Rights Crime ... Slideshow REGIONAL WN Africa WN Asia WN Australasia WN Caribbean ... WN Politics LANGUAGE WN Languages SCIENCE WN Education WN Environment ... WN Toolbar RELATED SITES Africa and racism Amnesty International AntiRacismNet Asian Human Rights Commission ... WN TOOLBAR! Breaking News Wed, 9 Jun 2004 Asia Britain Law Photos ... Population The Independent Working visa restrictions labelled racist Celebrity Entertainment Film ... Pop Chicago Sun Times Cosby gave it to us straight and it's a valuable lesson News24 SA Aristide says thanks - in Zulu Africa Haiti Johannesburg ... Politics Newsday Reaction to Cosby's remarks mixed Remarks Bill Cosby made earlier this month upbraiding certain segments of the black community on issues from grammar to police brutality complaints have been attacked by some as an elitist attack on t... (photo: File ) Entertainment Film Filmreviews Photos ... Headlines Baltimore Sun Heed Cosby's frank words on the state of black America Celebrity Entertainment Film ... Pop Yahoo Daily News 'America's best friend in Iraq' angry over raid Ahmad Chalabi picked the wrong day to sleep late. At 11 a.m. Thursday, as the man who helped fuel the Bush administration's drive to war in Iraq ( - ) slumbered, Iraqi po... (photo: WN file)

67. Africa Direct-Ethnographic Art, Trade Beads, Masks, Carvings, Artifacts, Textile indigenous repair by braiding on top back corner hausa basketThe hausa of Northern Nigeria use the Idiok-Ekpo mask-Ibibio $195.00. Ibibio People Idiok Ekpo Mask http://www.africadirect.com/specials2.html?category=Specials&pagenum=9&start=240

68. Ecoi.net - Topics & Issues » Nigeria » Ethnicity (Hausa And Fulani) The Living africa Ethnic Groups hausa. have been intermittent clashes between hausa-Fulanis, who Muslim, and mainly Christian indigenous people in Plateau http://www.ecoi.net/doc/en/NG/content/7/11674-12272

Nigeria printerfriendly version ecoi.net homepage Ethnicity Overview Igbo (Ibo) ... Niger-Delta Hausa and Fulani Hausa Background information Clashes Hausa vs. Yoruba ... Hausa vs Mambila Hausa Background information Clashes Hausa vs. Yoruba Hausa vs. Tiv Background information 01.06.1991 - Library of Congress: The term Hausa not only describes the ethnic group, but also the language spoken in many federal states of Nigeria Library of Congress: Nigeria - A Country Study The Living Africa: The Hausa have formed a very large ethnic group estimated at between 10 and 15 million people The Living Africa - Ethnic Groups: Hausa 03.11.1998 - University of Iowa: The political system University of Iowa: Hausa Information 03.11.1998 - University of Iowa: Religion University of Iowa: Hausa Information University of Kent - Centre of Social Anthropology and Computing: The Hausa University of Kent - Centre of Social Anthropology and Computing: The Hausa Clashes Hausa vs. Yoruba Hausa vs. Tiv Hausa vs. Yoruba 15.07.2002 - IRIN: New fighting between mailnly Christian and mainly Muslim The latest round of clashes erupted on Wednesday in the town of Wase between Taroks, who are indigenous to the area, and Hausa-Fulani settlers, who originally came from farther north. "No fewer than 12 people have been killed and several houses have been destroyed," John Ibe, an area resident who escaped to the Plateau State capital, Jos, told IRIN.

69. Exploring Africa -> Students-> Early African History-> How Do We Know Africa Has hausa storytellers like this man relay oral histories to date back further and use indigenous African languages 2. Oral sources Even amongst people who have http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/curriculum/lm7/stu_7aactivityonepagetwo.ht

Unit Two: Studying Africa through the Social Sciences Module 7A: Early African History, Until 16th Century CE Student's Edition Activity One, page 2 How Do We Know Africa Has a History? Engage Although the following is not a complete, comprehensive list of historical tools, it highlights four major areas of analysis that tell historians something about the past. It also gives an example for each of these, describing how they might be used in the example of Jos, Nigeria. Compare our list with your own. Did you come up with any different ideas? What were they? Any of the same ideas? What were they? Hausa storytellers like this man relay oral histories to their communities. Written sources : A wealth of literature has been written about Nigeria. Although much of what we read has been written recently in European languages, there are many writings which date back further and use indigenous African languages and Arabic. Historians read these writings to learn about the history of a region. An example that would be useful to learning about the history of northern Nigeria in the 16th century CE is Imam Ibn Furtuwa's writing on the wars of the Mai of Bornu, Idris Alaoma. Oral sources : Even amongst people who have not written down their history, often a rich oral history has been passed from generation to generation. An example of a historian who drew heavily on oral traditions of West Africa, including north-central Nigeria, was A. Hampate Ba who wrote the

70. Harmatan Leather Ltd of different ethnic groups the Southern indigenous people and the Hamitic strain from North africa. The language of the region is hausa, probably the http://www.harmatan.co.uk/news/articles.php

The Tannery Support for Creative Excellence News Articles Links

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Map downloaded from here LEATHER FOR LIBRARIES (1905) WIN CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD WINDOWS VERSION MAC CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD APPLE MACINTOSH VERSION ... CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD APPLE MACINTOSH VERSION WONDERFUL WORLD OF LEATHER WIN CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD WINDOWS VERSION MAC CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD APPLE MACINTOSH VERSION THE HAUSA TANNERS OF NORTHERN NIGERIA
and the production of Sokoto tanned goatskins Malcolm J. Lamb Click here for a map Basic History of Nigeria The gently undulating countryside is only sparsely forested and the higher areas without mountains remain as uncultivated bush. By European standards the population is sparse and is scattered into small-holdings of mainly self-supporting Hausas. Geographically, Hausaland is significantly situated at the joining point of different ethnic groups - the Southern indigenous people and the Hamitic strain from North Africa. Rainfall occurs between June and September, leaving the mainly farming population with ample time to develop crafts and, until comparatively recent times, to conduct war. In the rainy season farming demands the full attention of the whole family. Travelling at this time used to be especially difficult, whereas in the dry season the rivers dried up and communication became easy. Until comparatively recent times the roads were poor, so donkeys and camels were widely used.

71. Africa of 60%, and German and some indigenous languages like 50% of the population (that is 44,000,000 people). The other native languages are hausa, Yoruba, Ibo and http://lazarus.elte.hu/~guszlev/gb/afri.htm

Africa Ascension is a part of the UK as a dependency of Saint Helena Botswana was a Crown Colony until 1966. Besides English, Setswana is the other official language, and Bantu is spoken as well. Cameroon was a Crown Colony until 1961. English and French are the two official languages, plus 24 major African language groups exist here. The Gambia gained independence from Britain in 1965, English is the official language but Mandinka, Wolof, Fulani and other indigenous vernaculars are spoken. Ghana became an independent country from the UK in 1957. English is the official, but African languages (Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe and Gã) are native. Lesotho was a protectorate until 1966. Sesotho is official besides English, and Zulu and Xhosa are other important languages. Liberia is the country where liberated slaves from the US were settled from 1822. It has been an independent country since 1847. English is the native tongue of about the 96% of the population, and 20 local languages from the Niger-Congo language group are spoken. Malawi was a protectorate until 1964. The two official languages are English and Chichewa.

72. Untitled Document The African Charter on Human and peoples Rights promotes non between the Tivs who believe that they are indigenous and the pastoral hausaFulani who moved http://www.alliancesforafrica.org/news.asp?news=358

73. West Africa a jihad for Islamic reform in the hausa states. East rather than to examine the indigenous cultures and transmitted by the migration of Songhay people from the http://archnet.org/library/dictionary/entry.tcl?entry_id=DIA1010&mode=full

74. World Racism PostApartheid South africa Discussed at Washington Forum. neo-Nazism, indigenous peoples. http://archive.wn.com/2004/05/13/1400/worldracism/

Archived Page from Thursday 13 May, 2004 Click here to read today's edition Search the World News Network Any Language Afrikaans Czech Danish Dutch English Finnish French German Hausa Hungarian Indonesian Italian Malay Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Slovak Spanish Swahili Swedish Tagalog Turkish Advanced Search Crime Racism Refugees ... Site Map WN RELATED Aborigine News Amnesty Civil Rights Crime ... Slideshow REGIONAL WN Africa WN Asia WN Australasia WN Caribbean ... WN Politics LANGUAGE WN Languages SCIENCE WN Education WN Environment ... WN Toolbar RELATED SITES Africa and racism Amnesty International AntiRacismNet Asian Human Rights Commission ... WN TOOLBAR! Breaking News Thu, 13 May 2004 Africa Human Rights Photos Sudan ... UN BBC News Sudan: Should the world do more? British Defence Iraq ... Video Scotsman UK troops clash with Basra demonstrators The News International ‘600 Sudanese children freed from slavery’ Africa Aid Photos ... UN The Guardian Elton accuses US pop voters of racism Music Pop Racism ... Headlines The Guardian Why let in Le Pen but ban Farrakhan? "At a time of simmering racial tension in some of our northern towns and cities, the last thing Britain needs is a visit from the high priest of racial divisiveness." So ... (photo: Christopher Furlong/Getty Images) France Racism UK US ... Video Times Union Clinton chides Bush at NAACP event Education Politics N York ... Photos Yahoo Daily News Chalabi Compares U.S. Policy on Baathists with Nazis

75. Africa FM UN indigenous peoples Forum Opens. to Discuss Trade Policy And Development in africa. http://archive.wn.com/2004/05/13/1400/africafm/

Archived Page from Thursday 13 May, 2004 Click here to read today's edition Search the World News Network Any Language Afrikaans Czech Danish Dutch English Finnish French German Hausa Hungarian Indonesian Italian Malay Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Slovak Spanish Swahili Swedish Tagalog Turkish Advanced Search WN Africa Benin Chad ... Site Map WN RELATED Africa Correspondent Africa Daily Africa Economies Africa Headlines ... Slideshow REGIONAL WN Africa WN Asia WN Australasia WN Caribbean ... WN Politics LANGUAGE WN Languages SCIENCE WN Education WN Environment ... WN Toolbar RADIO LINKS African Radio AfricaOnline.com BBC Africa Radio Embassy of South-Africa ... WN TOOLBAR! Breaking News Wed, 12 May 2004 Africa Chad Photos Refugees ... UNHCR concerned about challenges in eastern Chad UNHCR AIDS Africa Health Medjournal ... HIV/AIDS seriously hurting Africa Kenya Broadcasting Corp Keep your food aid- Zimbabwe Kenya Broadcasting Corp Aid Food Help Photos ... Outcry against arrests in Haiti Business Day Caribbean Defence Haiti Photos ... Malawi to provide free AIDS drugs The News International Aids Health Malawi Medjournal ... Malawi rolls out free Aids drugs BBC News AIDS Africa Health Malawi ... IRAQ: NGOs battle to rebuild village infrastructure in north IRINnews Africa Growth Iraq Kurds Photos ... SA health care 'like farming in Zimbabwe' The health-care industry in South Africa is in a similar position to commercial farming in Zimbabwe, the Board of Healthcare Funders annual conference was told on Monday.... (photo: WN)

76. The MIA Curriculum Only indigenous African languages are eligible to count exception of courses in Arabic, hausa, Swahili, Wolof Anthropology G4334 African peoples in the New http://www.sipa.columbia.edu/MIA/afr.html

McNeil became part of a small group of SIPA students who wanted to promote investment in Africa. “Today, development is much more about capital markets than it is about trade flows. Most people are not aware of the exponential growth of stock markets in Africa, especially South Africa. In the next few decades, I think infrastructure development based on new technologies is what is going to propel Africa forward. And I expect to be part of it.” Lawrence McNeil, Jr. Institute of African Studies Courses of Instruction and Research http://sipa.columbia.edu/ias 1103 International Affairs Tel: 212-854-4663 Director: Mahmood Mamdani F ounded in 1959, the Institute of African Studies has prepared generations of Africa practitioners for careers in development, diplomacy, business, governance, journalism, law and human rights, and academic research and teaching. It provides a special forum for students, faculty, and others interested in the multitude of issues facing the African continent. Programs A weekly brown bag lecture series features presentations by academicians, diplomats, journalists, activists, business leaders, and development practitioners. The monthly University Seminar on Africa invites distinguished scholars to present their research; the Diplomatic Forum attracts diplomats from around Africa to speak to faculty and students. In addition, a number of conferences and panel discussions draw specialists from around the world. Each spring, students affiliated with the Institute organize a conference on a theme of their own choosing.

77. Embassy Of The Federal Republic Of Nigeria Ibadan was until recently the largest indigenous African city. Gidan Makama Museum offers an excellent history of Kano and of the hausa and Fulani peoples. http://www.nigeriaembassyusa.org/history.shtml

HISTORY AND PEOPLE NIGERIA Much has been said and written about Nigeria, her people and culture, economy and politics, that sheds light on the tremendous potential of this African Giant. However, little is known to the outside world about the many exciting tourist attractions available in Nigeria: Historic sites nestled amid rivers and rain forests, breathtaking mountain vistas, remote creek villages, miles of pristine beaches and exotic national wildlife reserves. There are also museums, festivals, music and dance, a rich cultural melange right down to everyday traditional markets. These are just some of the spectacular sights and sensual delights awaiting the traveler to Nigeria. Nigeria has the largest population of any country in Africa (about 120 million), and the greatest diversity of cultures, ways of life, cities and terrain. With a total land area of 923,768 sq. km. (356,668 sq. mi.) Nigeria is the 14th largest country in Africa. Its coastline, on the Gulf of Guinea, stretches 774 km (480 mi.). Nigeria shares its international border of 4,470 km (2513 mi.) with four neighbors: Chad, Cameroon, Benin, and Niger. Until 1989 the capital was Lagos, with a population of about 2,500,000, but the government recently moved the capital to Abuja. CLIMATE AND WEATHER Nigeria lies entirely within the tropics yet there are wide climactic variations. In general, there are two seasons, dry and wet, throughout Nigeria. Near the coast, the seasons are less sharply defined. Temperatures of over 900F are common in the north, but near the coast, where the humidity is higher, temperatures seldom climb above that mark. Inland, around the two great rivers, the wet season lasts from April-Oct. and the dry season from Nov.-March. Temperatures are highest from Feb-April in the south and MarchJune in the north; they're lowest in July and Aug. over most of the country.

78. West Africa: Proverbs And Evaluation or do they bear analogies to indigenous concerns were so immediately understood and appreciated by people of a But a hausa expression of long vintage sums up http://www.africaaction.org/docs00/prov0003.htm

Home Africa Policy E-Journal West Africa: Proverbs and Evaluation Presentations Africa Policy Outlook (annual) Resources on Global Apartheid Resources on Key Countries ... Resources on Key Issues Africa Policy E-Journal by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic Map of Africa Africa Bookshop Archives Africa Policy E-Journal West Africa: Proverbs and Evaluation Date distributed (ymd): 000401 Document reposted by APIC +++++++++++++++++++++Document Profile+++++++++++++++++++++ Region: West Africa Issue Areas: +economy/development+ Summary Contents: This posting contains a March 2000 article on participatory management and local culture, citing West African proverbs as a sophisticated and locally owned basis for evaluating the effectiveness of development projects. +++++++++++++++++end profile++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ APIC Announcement APIC's Africa Web Bookshop page on Education and Culture ( http://www.africapolicy.org/books/educ.htm

79. WEST AFRICA IRIN Update 470 For 24 May [19990524] members of the hausa ethnic group and indigenous people from southern that the emirate system was a hausa tradition alien WEST africa ECOWAS emergency meeting. http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Newsletters/irinw470.html

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA - AFRICAN STUDIES CENTER WEST AFRICA: IRIN Update 470 for 24 May [19990524] U N I T E D N A T I O N S Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Integrated Regional Information Network for West Africa Tel: +225 21 73 54 Fax: +225 21 63 35 e-mail: irin-wa@ocha.unon.org IRIN-WA Update 470 of events in West Africa (Monday 24 May) SIERRA LEONE: Ceasefire violations The Revolutionary United Front (RUF) and ECOMOG, the West African peacekeeping force that backs Sierra Leone's government, on Monday accused each other of breaking a ceasefire just hours after it entered into effect. Omrie Golley, the RUF's legal spokesman, told IRIN that ECOMOG helicopter gunships fired on RUF troops in Magbas, near Magburaka, some 150 km northeast of Freetown and, in the east of the country, near the Tongo-Moyamba junction. ECOMOG spokesman Lieutenant Colonel Chris Olukulade told IRIN ECOMOG troops had come under "a massive rebel attack around Magburaka between two and five o'clock this morning". He said troops along the main highway between Freetown and the eastern town of Kenema had also come under rebel attack. The ceasefire came into effect on Monday.

80. Why War? Keywords: Settlers still, especially in areas inhabited by hausa settlers and are contested much later by indigenous people, who seek labourers (eg in South africa), or convicts http://www.why-war.com/encyclopedia/read.php?offset=45&id=671&sortby=

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