41. SIRIS Image Gallary Gola Gola, hausa (african People) hausa (african People Basuto, South africa South africa, Swahili Swahili. the earliest images of indigenous people worldwide; and http://sirismm.si.edu/siris/naaLot97africaculture.htm

Photograph Collection ca. 1860-1960 Africa Culture Groups: African Afrikander Boer Afrikanders Ambo Ovambo Angola Angolan Antandroy Antanosy Anyi-Baule Ashanti Asante Bakota Bambara Bamileke Bangi Bantu Bantu, Interlacustrine Bara Ibara Bateke Baule Boers Boki Nki Bolki Bushmen Cameroon Chagga Wadschagga Chokwe Comoros Congo Democratic Republic Dan Dogon Habe Edo Bini Equatorial Guinea Fang Fan Fang Mpangwe Fang Pahuin Fon Dahomean Gabon Ganda Baganda Gcaleka Ge Gio Gola Hausa (African People) Haya (African People)" Herero Hottentot HottentotGrigriqua HottentotKorana Hura Ibo Igbo Ivory Coast Kalanga Makalaka Kamba (African People) Kissi Kisi Koba Kuba Kongo Konkomba Kota Kru Kru (African People) Kuba Bakuba Kuba Bushongo Kwangare Li Bali Liberia Lika Walika Lori, Barotse Luhya Bantu Kavirondo Lumbo Balumbo" Malagasy Rebulic Malinke Mandingo Mangbetu (African People) Masaka Mbundu Mbweni Namba Ndebele Manala Ndebele Matabele Ngere Ngwaketse Bangwaketse Nigeria Nusani Sarwa Masarwa Owerri Ibo Pelle Pessi Pende Bapende Pondo Mpondo Pygmies Rega Rhodesia Rolong Baralong Ruanda Senufo Shaangan Shangama Shona Mashona Siena Sierra Leone Soho Soko Soko Basoko Sotho Basuto South Africa Swahili Swazi Swazi Amaswazi Syrian Teke Thonga Shangana Tonga Togo Transvaal Ndebele Transval Ndebele Tswana Tswana Bechuana Tuareg Vai Vili Loango Viye Bihe West (African People)s Xosa Kaffir Yaka Bayaka Yombe, Bayombe

42. Sunday Times - South Africa's Best Selling Newspaper Kiswahili s great indigenous rival in africa is hausa. As a matter of fact, hausa is spoken by more people in africa than Kiswahili. http://www.suntimes.co.za/2002/08/11/insight/in10.asp

DisplayAds ("icatcher", "1", "1"); DisplayAds ("Top", "468", "60"); Contact us Complain Ombudsman ::: Advertise ::: In newspaper Online ::: Subscribe ::: The newspaper E-newsletters Magazines ::: Print ::: Global edition Syndication Wednesday, 9 Jun 2004 Home Search Archive Contacts ... Daily back page Location : Sunday 11 Aug 2002 > Insight African Union needs a language to call its own Kiswahili is a rich and resilient tongue that should be adopted by the organisation, writes Sammy Were ASIDE from the lofty speeches at the inaugural African Union summit in Durban last month, and away from the melodrama and theatrics of Libya's "Guide" Muammar Gaddafi, there was a small resolution that was sneaked through. This was about formally adopting Kiswahili as one of the working languages of the AU. True enough, this is not a new resolution. It has been lying around for 17 years since it was first floated at a summit of the Organisation of African Unity, the AU's venerable predecessor. It may have been brought up again in Durban this time, but chances that it will be implemented soon are only marginally higher than those of Nelson Mandela breaking the 100m sprint record at Durban's King's Park Stadium. This is a pity. And it has nothing to do with any undue weakness of Kiswahili versus the other OAU working languages: English, French and Portuguese. To operationalise the language, so to speak, at continental summit level is admittedly no small challenge. Kiswahili does have its technical shortcomings, but I think it is rich and resilient enough to rise to the challenge.

43. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Niger - People Facts And Figures HIV/AIDS people living with HIV/AIDS NA. Religions Muslim 80%, remainder indigenous beliefs and Christian. Languages French (official), hausa, Djerma. http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/ng/Niger_people.htm

Home World Map Rankings Currency Converter Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Niger (Facts) Niger - People (Facts) Population: 11,058,590 (July 2003 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 47.6% (male 2,686,169; female 2,581,785) 15-64 years: 50.2% (male 2,710,554; female 2,842,319) 65 years and over: 2.2% (male 125,505; female 112,258) (2003 est.) Population growth rate: 2.71% (2003 est.) Birth rate: 49.54 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) Death rate: 21.71 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) Net migration rate: -0.69 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.12 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2003 est.) Infant mortality rate: total: 123.64 deaths/1,000 live births female: 119.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) male: 127.99 deaths/1,000 live births Life expectancy at birth: total population: 42.21 years male: 42.29 years female: 42.12 years (2003 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.91 children born/woman (2003 est.) HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 4% (2001 est.)

44. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Nigeria - People Facts And Figures HIV/AIDS people living with HIV/AIDS 3.5 Religions Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%. Languages English (official), hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/ni/Nigeria_people.htm

Home World Map Rankings Currency Converter Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Nigeria (Facts) Nigeria - People (Facts) Population: note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2003 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 43.6% (male 29,322,774; female 28,990,702) 15-64 years: 53.6% (male 36,513,700; female 35,254,333) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 1,890,043; female 1,910,151) (2003 est.) Population growth rate: 2.53% (2003 est.) Birth rate: 38.75 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) Death rate: 13.76 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) Net migration rate: 0.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.99 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2003 est.) Infant mortality rate: total: 71.35 deaths/1,000 live births

45. Debunking The Northern Myth Of The So Ijebu Remo, a substantial minority of hausa/Fulani have migrated from the corner of West africa come to or burukutu party held by the indigenous people but a http://www.gamji.com/NEWS1199.htm

Debunking the Northern Myth of the So-called Belief in Violence by the Yorubas and the Supremacy of Ethnicity as Factors in Nigerian Politics By Omoba Oladele Osinuga osinugao@hotmail.com It is imperative that in writing this article, issues raised in previous articles by Ahmed Tafida Jalingo titled “Ethnic cleaning Hausa/Fulani in Dilemma” Dr Aliyu Tilde’s; “Ige and nemesis” have sought to misrepresent the role of the Yoruba’s in nation building. In shaming a minority group of writers who take delight in peddling disunity and asserting cultural hegemony, I should start by espousing my antecedents and family ties to Northern Nigeria (could they say the same about themselves?). Firstly two uncles of mine both of blessed memory, Chief Hassan Odukale the late Chief Executive and Founder of Leadway Assurance PLC and his brother Pa A. Odukale, late Principal Private Secretary to the golden voice of Africa the late Prime Minister, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa extolled the virtues of coexistence, tolerance and living in harmony with people of Northern Nigeria. Secondly my spouse’s maternal grandmother family ties are Hausa. Thirdly as an indigene of the Ijebu Remo, a substantial minority of Hausa/Fulani have resided in the Sabo area of Sagamu – Remo since the turn of the last century. At this juncture it is pertinent to address the issues raised by certain disingenuous Northern writers within the past few weeks.

46. Islam In Africa-Nigeria People People Religions Islam over 60%, Christianity about 30%, indigenous beliefs under 7 Languages English (official), hausa (lingua franca North of Rivers Benue http://www.islaminafrica.org/nigeria-p.htm

People: Population: 121.8 million ( 1998 estimate.) Ethnic groups : Hausa, Fulani, Yoruba, Ibo, Kanuri, Efik, Tiv, Ijaw, 200 others Religions: Islam over 60%, Christianity about 30%, indigenous beliefs under 7% Languages: English (official), Hausa (lingua franca North of Rivers Benue and Niger), Yoruba, Ibo, Fulani Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal Top Back to Nigeria Page Back to Country Page

47. Africa the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages Oshivambo Nigeria, English (official), hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo the first language of most people is one http://www.ethiotrans.com/africa.htm

Home About Africa Services Health Education Portfolio Get Quote ... ALRC County Flag Language Support Algeria Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects Yes Angola Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages Yes Benin French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north) Yes Botswana English (official), Setswana Yes Burkina Faso French (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population Yes Burundi Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area) Yes Cameroon 24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official) Yes Central African Republic French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), Arabic, Hunsa, Swahili Yes Chad French (official), Arabic (official), Sara and Sango (in south), more than 100 different languages and dialects Yes Congo, Democratic Republic of the

48. Africa out on the grounds that the hausa were not how the European powers would partition africa so as to This stripped the indigenous people of the Congo region of http://www.hcc.hawaii.edu/~patrick/151/africa.htm

Patrick Patterson's History Course Homepage Honolulu Community College Study Help Free Microsoft PowerPoint Viewer download How to write How to read a book and take notes Bibliography ... Final Exam Schedule 19th Century Africa Presentation Africa By 1871, Africa had been on the European map for several centuries. Ancient Greece and Rome had maintained trading relations with North African societies, and much of North Africa had been within the boundaries of the Roman Empire. The continent was not new in terms of knowledge of its existence. However, exploration of the limits of the African landmass was not undertaken by Europeans until the 1480’s, when Vasco Da Gama made a successful rounding of the Cape of Good Hope on his way to India. By 1475, the slave trade had begun, and the Portuguese made certain East African ports their own in the early 16 th century. The last leap Europeans made into Africa was to begin exploration of its interior – a project not seriously undertaken by any Europeans until missionaries, then scientists, began to probe beyond the coast in the 18 th century. Africa was, then, though right next door, the great unknown for Europeans.

49. Davis Publications - /artslides/slidesets/slideset.asp africa PEOPLE IN indigenous COSTUMES. Photo BAWA USHAPA, a potter by GWARI PEOPLE Catalog Number 9358; Schoolteacher, Ara by hausa PEOPLE Catalog Number http://www.davis-art.com/artslides/slidesets/slideset.asp?action=select&pk=1969

50. BBC NEWS | Africa | SA Herders Win Back Diamond Land the ownership of all colonised land in South africa. for the rights of tribal peoples around the indigenous, unwritten, law is now recognised as having proper http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3192000.stm

News Sport Weather World Service ... Programmes LANGUAGES Last Updated: Tuesday, 14 October, 2003, 20:48 GMT 21:48 UK E-mail this to a friend Printable version SA herders win back diamond land The land has been mined for around 70 years South African herders evicted from diamond-rich land in the 1920s could be in line for huge compensation. South Africa's highest court said the Richtersveld community had been removed under racist laws and was entitled to have land and mineral rights returned. The ruling ends a five-year battle with the state mining company Alexkor. Campaigners say the decision could have repercussions in other countries where tribal lands are exploited for mineral wealth. Lawyers for the state told local media that the ruling could leave a 10bn-rand ($1.4bn) hole in the government budget. In its judgement, the Constitutional Court said: "The Richtersveld Community is entitled... to restitution of the right to ownership of the subject land (including its minerals and precious stones) and to the exclusive beneficial use and occupation thereof." Nomad eviction The Richtersveld area in the Northern Cape includes a narrow stretch of mineral-rich land along the Orange River that forms the border between South Africa and Namibia.

51. BBC NEWS | World | Africa | S African Bushmen Hail Drug Deal South africa s indigenous San peoples have signed a deal ensuring they will profit from a diet drug being developed from a plant they have used for generations http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/2883087.stm

Home TV Radio Talk ... Programmes LANGUAGES Last Updated: Monday, 24 March, 2003, 23:56 GMT Email this to a friend Printable version S African bushmen hail drug deal The San people said the agreement was a "joyous moment" South Africa's indigenous San peoples have signed a deal ensuring they will profit from a diet drug being developed from a plant they have used for generations. Under the terms of the agreement, the San people will receive regular fees as the drug - developed from a plant used to suppress the appetite - passes various stages on the way to market. They will also receive a proportion of the royalties if and when it becomes commercially available, which could be in as little as five years. The San people hailed the agreement as a "joyous moment". "In the past, it used to be the norm to exploit their knowledge and culture but today is an example of how things have changed," said Kxao Moses, chairman of the Working Group of Indigenous Minorities in Southern Africa. Harnessing knowledge The San people, who number about 100,000 and who originate in the region of the Kalahari desert in south-west Africa, have used a plant called hoodia to suppress hunger pangs on long hunting trips for generations.

52. CSOC208.htm Studies WWW Virtual Library to indigenous Resources for Of particular interest are the peoples links, which provides access to the Yoruba, hausa, and Ibo http://library.ups.edu/instruct/bachmann/csoc208.htm

Peoples of Africa Comparative Sociology 208 Dr. Karen Porter University of Puget Sound Collins Memorial Library Librarian Donna Bachmann Popular Press Sources via the Web Africa News provides fairly comprehensive to current news from and about Africa it links to reporting from more than 40 African news organizations. Search by topic, country, or region Channel Africa presents a collection of news items from Africa, compiled from shortwave,satellite, and Internet radio broadcasts by Channel Africa. Read, listen, and/or watch: Video, audio, and text files about music, sports, money markets, and news are available. To go directly to English language resources, click on Programmes in English . (RealPlayer is required for media files. If you don't have it, Download RealPlayer from Sun Microsystems.) Browse the list of all newspapers in Africa, or search by the following countries: Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Electronic Journals and Newspapers on Africa is a directory of links to electronic journals and newspapers about Africa on the Internet, arranged alphabetically and presented by the Department of African Studies at Columbia University. A short description of each journal and newspaper is included.

53. Len Milich: Hausa Coping Options refugee communities from northern peoples fleeing the no attempt to transform indigenous farm technology. Virtually all hausa households attempted to cultivate http://ag.arizona.edu/~lmilich/afoodsec.html

Household Coping Options in Hausaland, West Africa Hausaland's Climatological Factors Hausaland contains three distinct ecological zones, defined by differences in the mean growing season (May to October) rainfall. From south to north (and from subhumid to arid), these are the Guinean, Sudanian, and Sahelian zones . All Hausaland has a distinct summer rainy season that is linked to the migration of the equatorial trough (the land segment of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone) toward the thermal equator (well north of the geographic equator during the northern hemisphere summer). There is a pronounced unimodal rainfall maximum in August, with a seasonal length of four to six months' duration. Mean annual rainfall ranges from less than 400 mm in the extreme northeast to greater than 800 mm in the south. The coefficient of interannual variation in rainfall is at most 40 percent in the far north, but is closer to 20 - 30 percent in the remainder of Hausaland. (A coefficient of variation of 30 percent is a measure of uncertainty; it implies that during any one year, a mean annual rainfall of 600 mm may be expected to be as low as 360 mm or as high as 960 mm.) Famine in Hausaland Rainfall is the critical limiting factor in peasant rainfed agriculture (Watts, 1983). Drought and famine are certainly no strangers in Hausaland, but it is dangerous to ascribe

54. OneWorld Africa - OneWorld Africa Home>In Depth>Human Rights>Indigenous Rights Story link From First peoples Worldwide Related regions Social exclusion indigenous rights Gender http://africa.oneworld.net/article/archive/573/400

OneWorld Africa home In depth Human rights Indigenous rights Search for in OneWorld sites OneWorld partners OneWorld.net OneWorld Africa OneWorld Austria OneWorld Canada OneWorld Finland OneWorld Italy OneWorld Latin America OneWorld Netherlands OneWorld South Asia OneWorld Spain OneWorld SouthEast Europe OneWorld UK OneWorld United States AIDSChannel CanalSIDA Digital Opportunity Kids Channel LearningChannel NEWS IN DEPTH PARTNERS GET INVOLVED ... OUR NETWORK 09 June 2004 Human rights Civil rights Disability Gender Indigenous rights Race Politics Religion Sexuality Social exclusion ... Help Full Coverage: Indigenous rights If you wish to look further into some topics fill out the search criteria below or select from the menu on the left. keyword topic select Development Capacity building Children Cities Agriculture Aid Education Emergency relief Energy Fisheries Food Intermediate technology International cooperation Labour Land Migration Population Poverty Refugees Social exclusion Tourism Transport Volunteering Water/sanitation Youth Economy Consumption Corporations Credit and investment Debt Finance Microcredit Business Trade Environment Climate change Conservation Environmental activism Forests Genetics Animals Nuclear Issues Atmosphere Oceans Pollution Biodiversity Renewable energy Rivers Soils Health Disease AIDS Infant mortality Malaria Narcotics Nutrition/malnutrition Human rights Civil rights Disability Gender Indigenous rights Race Politics Religion Sexuality Social exclusion

55. OneWorld Africa - OneWorld Africa Home>In Depth>Human Rights>Indigenous Rights America s indigenous peoples secondclass citizens . 12.10 http://africa.oneworld.net/article/archive/573/460

OneWorld Africa home In depth Human rights Indigenous rights Search for in OneWorld sites OneWorld partners OneWorld.net OneWorld Africa OneWorld Austria OneWorld Canada OneWorld Finland OneWorld Italy OneWorld Latin America OneWorld Netherlands OneWorld South Asia OneWorld Spain OneWorld SouthEast Europe OneWorld UK OneWorld United States AIDSChannel CanalSIDA Digital Opportunity Kids Channel LearningChannel NEWS IN DEPTH PARTNERS GET INVOLVED ... OUR NETWORK 09 June 2004 Human rights Civil rights Disability Gender Indigenous rights Race Politics Religion Sexuality Social exclusion ... Help Full Coverage: Indigenous rights If you wish to look further into some topics fill out the search criteria below or select from the menu on the left. keyword topic select Development Capacity building Children Cities Agriculture Aid Education Emergency relief Energy Fisheries Food Intermediate technology International cooperation Labour Land Migration Population Poverty Refugees Social exclusion Tourism Transport Volunteering Water/sanitation Youth Economy Consumption Corporations Credit and investment Debt Finance Microcredit Business Trade Environment Climate change Conservation Environmental activism Forests Genetics Animals Nuclear Issues Atmosphere Oceans Pollution Biodiversity Renewable energy Rivers Soils Health Disease AIDS Infant mortality Malaria Narcotics Nutrition/malnutrition Human rights Civil rights Disability Gender Indigenous rights Race Politics Religion Sexuality Social exclusion

56. Liberia Life UN indigenous peoples Forum Opens Liberia s Interim Leader C. Gyude africa Daily. http://www.liberialife.com/

Search the World News Network Any Language Afrikaans Czech Danish Dutch English Finnish French German Hausa Hungarian Indonesian Italian Malay Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Slovak Spanish Swahili Swedish Tagalog Turkish Advanced Search Economy WFP Africa Correspondent ... Site Map WN RELATED Abidjan Post Accra Benin Daily Burkina News ... Slideshow REGIONAL WN Africa WN Asia WN Australasia WN Caribbean ... WN Politics LANGUAGE WN Languages SCIENCE WN Education WN Environment ... WN Toolbar RELATED SITES All About Liberia allAfrica.com: Liberia Background to Liberia's War BBC Africa ... WN TOOLBAR! Breaking News Wed, 9 Jun 2004 African Ghana Photos Politics ... US Independent online Ghana's President Kufuor heads to G8 summit Africa Defence Liberia ... UN News24 SA Liberians slow to disarm Australian Broadcasting Corporation US navy planning 'show of force' in oil-rich west Africa Africa Navy Photos ... US News24 SA Liberians slow to disarm Africa Defence Liberia ... Headlines This Day Illiteracy, Cause of Crisis in Nigeria - UNICEF United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF) Deputy -Country Representative in Nigeria, Dr. Barbara Reynolds, has lamented the spate of crisis across the country attributing it ... (photo: WN) Africa Aid Nigeria Photos ... UN The State Sierra Leone War-Crime Trials to Begin FREETOWN, Sierra Leone - For survivors of one of Africa's most vicious wars, the first sessions beginning Thursday of a U.N.-backed tribunal offer hope of imposing order ... (photo: UNHCR file)

57. CheatHouse.com - Political Instability Of Africa to limit it to one country inside africa by retaining for the territorial claims of the indigenous people legends trace back to Canaan like the hausa long ago http://www.cheathouse.com/eview/41260-political-instability-of-africa.html

Political Instability of Africa Note! The sentences in this essay are shuffled, making this essay unusable If you want to read the essay in it's original and proper state, click here. We use this page for our internal search engine, and it's not meant to be viewable. African Studies - History Home Essays [LOGIN] ... 1995-2004, Loadstone

58. Al-Ahram Weekly | International | In Defence Of Whose Realm? major ethnic groups the hausa, Yoruba and oil companies of deliberately employing nonindigenous people. are equally shared between the two foreign peoples. http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/458/in1.htm

Al-Ahram Weekly 2 - 8 December 1999 Issue No. 458 Published in Cairo by AL-AHRAM established in 1875 Egypt Region International Economy ... Letters In defence of whose realm? By Gamal Nkrumah There is no greater irony in the entire post-Cold War scenario than the failure of strong American world-leadership to restore nerve and vigour to the developing world of the South. Indeed, many countries in the South are now not so much developing as stagnating, or even worse, declining. As they thus revert to pre-colonial conditions, they inevitably come to qualify as ripe for re-colonisation. In his recent broadside, The New Military Humanism, Noam Chomsky lays out for all to see the blatant and shameless hypocrisy of US intervention in trouble spots around the globe. The Americans have taken it upon themselves to be the stout-hearted trouble-shooters of this brave new world. Yet, argues Chomsky, their selectivity is nauseatingly Machiavellian. The thesis is immediately engaging, especially for those of us in the so-called Third World, for its refusal to apply itself to such red herrings as: Is socialism still relevant? Is the capitalist system in crisis? Is internationalism dead? Who cares? Well, we the wronged majority do. Africa observed the 12th annual World AIDS Day on 1 December with a terrible trepidation. The number of HIV-infected individuals on the continent now stands at a horrendous 22.5 million. On 9 July 1999, US Vice President Al Gore announced a new Clinton Administration initiative to address the global AIDS pandemic, specifically in Africa and India. Over 95 per cent of all HIV-infected individuals are in the South.

59. Expo Times the Kongors shapely isolated from the indigenous people, Liberia itself kingdoms like the Asante or hausa or Yoruba protocol of free movement of peoples of West http://www.expotimes.net/pastissues/issue001025/Liberia.htm

KEVIN McPHILLIPS TRAVEL The world's sole specialist in travel to and Sierra Leone CLICK HERE for more information GUARDSHIP LTD Money transfer and shipping CLICK HERE for details Shipping, forwarding Air sea freight Money transfer Tel: (020) 7231 9000 Fax: (020) 7231 5657 TransAfrica TEL/FAX: MOBILE CLICK HERE for details INDEPENDENT Sierra Leone, 25 Oct-7 November, 2000 Vol 6 No 17 EXPO TIMES Exposing today for tomorrow RETURN TO HOME PAGE INDEX OF BACK ISSUES ESSAY I s Liberia West Africa's evil empire? Kofi Akosah-Sarpong writes from Ottawa, Canada Liberia, the oldest republic in Africa, is roughly 153 years old. Roughly, the country shaped like human teeth, has been a top newsmaker in West Africa, becoming a den for anarchic vibration, money launderers and drug dealers, and other unAfrican, evil practices. Sierra Leone's Foday Sankoh is a product of the Liberian rebel 'university.' In the book: Criminalization of the State in Africa (1999) we read about the Liberian state increasingly criminalised by the NPFL government via drug trafficking and currency laundering, and where the game is crime is seen as moral despite international laws. Here evil pays, and it is the law. That's the machine for crime. Guinea's Ahmed Toure, elder son of the late President Sekou Toure, who is leading a guerrilla campaign against the President Lansana Conte government, is a graduate of the Liberian rebel school.

60. The Official Home Page Of The Republic Of Sénégal They were arbitrarily, cutting across traditionally established boundaries, homelands, and ethnic groupings of African peoples and cultures. hausa. indigenous. http://www.earth2000.com/ar/westafrica.html

WEST AFRICAN HISTORY Who are ouest africans Ethnicity As Africa's peoples established themselves and diversified to local conditions, they developed distinctive cultures, oral traditions and oral art forms. Africa's hundreds of different ethnic groups are often defined by the language they speak, according to contemporary (especially Western) scholarly practice. Spoken African languages Indigenous to the continent are variously estimated to number from 700 to 3000. The major ethnic groups in West Africa are the Mandeng, Fulah, Yoruba, Haoussa, Ashanti and Cameron. From these derived several separate groups with cultural differences and minor linguistic variations. The group Yoruba for example, encompasses twenty-five separate groups each one culturally different from the next. The Berber and Touareg is the group found in the Sahara desert, the language and culture has a strong Arabic influence. There are numerous spoken languages in every West African country. However, the native languages of capital cities dominate the dialogue spoken by the majority. The official languages spoken are from the former Colonial master, French being spoken in more countries, followed by English and Portuguese. In the recent years some countries have started to develop and promote the writing of their main dialect, in order to accelerate their developing program. This way modern science and technology will reach the rural area were illiteracy is quite high.

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