21. Science, Social Sciences, Anthropology, Cultural Anthropology: Ethnography hausa A ethnography on the hausa people of africa. links to native information and resources worldwide provided by the indigenous peoples Specialty Group. http://www.combose.com/Science/Social_Sciences/Anthropology/Cultural_Anthropolog

Top Science Social Sciences Anthropology ... Ethnography Related links of interest: Science:Social Sciences:Area Studies Science:Social Sciences:Ethnic Studies Science:Social Sciences:Geography:Human Geography Society:Ethnicity:Indigenous People ... Amhara - A ethnographic report on the Amhara people of Africa. Andamans - Isolated group of foragers living on the Andaman Islands. Anthropology Research Guide - A annotated list of resources primarily for conducting bibliographic and Internet research on the ethnographic present. Arabesque Dance Project - Features"Dance Described"project. Contains book excerpts, genres, images, and videography of North Africa, Central and Western Asia. Aranda - Ethnography and culture history of one of the largest aboriginal groups in central Australia. Archive of Turkish Oral Narrative - Full-text ethnographic materials from Central Asia in PDF and MP3 formats [English, Turkish]. Features description of the collection and links to related sites. Aymara - An ethnographic description of a people located mainly on the Bolivian and Peruvian altiplano, centering about Lake Titicaca. Azande - A report on the Azande pastoralists of Africa.

22. Women And Work In Africa of relevant works; Names of countries (Nigeria, South africa, Senegal, Lesotho, Kenya, Zimbabwe); Names of indigenous peoples (Zulu, hausa, Ibibio, Kikuyu http://www.stolaf.edu/library/instruction/biguides/Hist128PohlandtMcCMar04.html

Life Histories of African Women A Guide to Resources Kris MacPherson site last updated 6 March 2004 Finding narratives: Using catalogs of library materials in new ways Finding contextual materials: Reference Resources Journal Articles and Newspapers Web sites Other helps: Evaluation of Web Sites Citation Guides Finding Narratives in Library Catalogs St. Olaf's Sage Muse Searching Tips Perform keyword searches in the catalog Choose terms that you think will be in the subject headings of relevant works Names of countries (Nigeria, South Africa, Senegal, Lesotho, Kenya, Zimbabwe) Names of indigenous peoples (Zulu, Hausa, Ibibio, Kikuyu, Ashanti) Use boolean logic [and, or, not] to create search statements such as (Africa* not American) and women Look for primary materials using LC terms in combination with your keyword search: sources biography (includes autobiography) interviews personal narratives diaries correspondence When you find a likely record: Don't just look at the titles Read the introduction, table of contents If the book doesn't contain personal narratives, the bibliography may refer you to useful sources that do.

23. Africa Update Archives Phillips, Akita University, Myths of twentieth century hausa. To examine the part which the indigenous credit system and political life of the peoples of West http://www.ccsu.edu/afstudy/upd3-1.html

Vol. III, Issue 1 (Winter, 1995-96): Nigeria Revisited HOME ARCHIVES Table of contents Editorial: Nigeria revisited, by Gloria Emeagwali, Chief Editor Abstracts of papers presented at the Conference on African Economic Development, CCSU, 18 November, 1995. Haines Brown, History Dept., C.C.S.U., Africa and the Net. F. Aiyejina, Eligy for my land. A poem. John Edward Phillips, Akita University, Myths of twentieth century Hausa. Adeline Apena, Russell Sage College, Women's cooperatives in Nigeria's food economy. William Thompson, CCSU student, Screening sheet for "La vie est belle" and "Congo." Editorial: Nigeria Revisited by Prof. Gloria T. Emeagwali Chief Editor of AfricaUpdate In this issue of Africa Update we include a few abstracts from the Second Annual Conference of African Studies, CCSU, on November 18th 1995. We are grateful to all those who made the conference possible, including Prof. Ade Obayemi , former Director General of the Nigerian National Commission for Museums and Monuments and the Chief Editor of African Technology Forum, MIT, Mawuli Tse, who gave the Plenary Address. Dr. Tunde Zack-Williams of Central Lancashire University, Dr. Stacey Close of ECSU, Dr. Eudora Chikwendu of SUNY, and Dr. Harvey Feinberg of SCSU served as chairpersons and discussants along with Dr. Walton Brown-Foster, Dr. Peter Os ei, Dr.Timothy Rickard, Dr. Haines Brown, Prof. Sheri Fafunwa-Ndibe and Dr. Gabriel Alungbe. We extend special thanks to Ms Lisa-Marie Fellage for her valuable assistance. Without the support of Dean Clarke of Arts and Sciences and CCSU's financial help, this conference would not have been possible.

24. African Indigenous Languages As Semi-official Languages: A Study In The Causes O social contact among the diverse indigenous peoples who converged in add, Pidgin English (a semiindigenous LF) spoken mostly in West africa, and hausa. http://www2.univ-reunion.fr/~ageof/text/74c21e88-254.html

Université de La Réunion - Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines Observatoire de Recherches sur les Anciennes Colonies et leurs Liens avec l'Europe Revue ALIZES Alizés n°16 1.4.4.9. African Indigenous Languages as Semi-official Languages: A Study in the Causes of Political Conflicts in Africa opyright 1998 — ISSN : 1155-4363 1.0 The Beginnings B Colonialism thus gave birth to a new type of nationhood — a nationhood in which the natives surrendered their ethnic loyalties for those of the colonising power. This involved the acquisition and application of the Western notions of nationism and nationalism. Nationism denotes governance while nationalism denotes the patriotic feelings one has for one’s nation. In both governance and patriotism, language poses a problem. Governance requires, according to Fasold, “communication both within the governing institutions and between government and the people” (1984: 3). The people who were to be governed or who were being governed were illiterate and diverse. They needed to be educated and united. The need for the language of governance, that of education and national cohesion engendered the desire for an official language (OL) — a prestigious, bias-free highly efficient language capable of handling the functional load of governance, trade, modern religion and diplomacy. Only the colonising languages satisfied these requirements. They were therefore imposed as the official languages. 1.1 Indigenous Languages Under the Canopy

25. FAF - Preamble examples included the Mandinka, Fulani, hausa, or, in among the Akan and Ga peoples as well A unique characteristic of africa s indigenous system of government http://www.freeafrica.org/returning_to_africa.html

Home Indigenous Africa Returning to Africa's Roots/Modernizing the Indigenous George B.N. Ayittey All Africa needs to do is to return to its roots and build on and modernize its own indigenous institutions. There is now a greater awareness of the need to reexamine Africa's own heritage. Return to traditional institutions will ensure not only peace but stability as well: In Mali each existing ethnic group is recognized for its distinct heritage. "Ethnicity cannot be manipulated in this society," said educator Lalla Ben Barkar. "The people may be from the north or the south, but in the end they realize they are one nation, and that is Mali" (The Washington Post, 24 March 1996, A28). Carl M. Peterson and Daniel T. Barkely offered a reason why Somalia imploded: The previous government [Siad Barre's] failed to incorporate the institutional aspects of Somalia's indigenous culture into a functioning national body. [Therefore] a stable, viable and fair political system must comprise the essential characteristics of Somalia's complex society. This means revitalizing indigenous institutions, restoring traditional powers and giving clans a legitimate outlet for political expression. (New African, June 1993, 20). E. F. Kolajo of Thoyandou, South Africa, concurred: "The Japanese, Chinese, and Indians still maintain their roots, and they are thriving as nations. Africa embraces foreign cultures at the expense of its own, and this is why nothing seems to work for us" (New African, February 1995, 4). In fact, according to The Bangkok Post, "Japan's postwar success has demonstrated that modernization does not mean Westernization. Japan has modernized spectacularly, yet remains utterly different from the West. Economic success in Japan has nothing to do with individualism. It is the fruit of sheer discipline the ability to work in groups and to conform" (cited by The Washington Times, 9 November 1996, A8).

26. Democracy In Africa such as the Yoruba and hausaFulani (an of scholarly associations focused on africa can pool War and the constant warfare against indigenous peoples (to name http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/30/063.html

Documents menu Date: Mon, 27 Nov 1995 20:36:28 GMT-5 Organization: East Tennessee State University Subject: QUERY: Democracy in Africa Democracy in Africa A dialog on the H-Africa list 27 November 1995 Date: Mon, 27 Nov 1995 This article reinforced my awareness that traditional African societies had important democratic features, albeit not the representative democratic forms touted in Western cultures, but democratic nevertheless. I also am aware that colonialized and poverty stricten peoples in Asia have been able to find their way toward contemporary democratic governments. Furthermore, eastern European poeples have struggled through to democratic structures is spite of pressures from their former Soviet neighbor. Romania is an example of where this took place against a repressive dictatorship. My musings went deeper into the Nigerian situation. I am aware that the old Habe kingdoms were always subject to the tempering effects of their princes; Habe kings could not be tyrants, at least not until they began to come into possession of guns and other weapons. It was then that they became tyrannical, and it was then that they faced the challenged of the Fulani revolt. So why do Africans, in spite of traditional patterns of democracy and in spite of 30 to 35 years of independent rule, have so much difficulty? More importantly, what are the prospects that they will be able to do it in the near future?

27. The Memory Bank - Curriculum Vitae Of Keith Hart Turkey • Inequality in a hausa village, Niger township of Durban, South africa • The political Separatist politics of indigenous peoples, British Columbia http://www.thememorybank.co.uk/cv

@import url(http://www.thememorybank.co.uk/ploneColumns.css); @import url(http://www.thememorybank.co.uk/plone.css); @import url(http://www.thememorybank.co.uk/ploneCustom.css); Skip to content. The Memory Bank Search Sections Home The Book Publications Biography ... Links Personal tools You are not logged in Log in Join You are here: Home Curriculum Vitae of Keith Hart Navigation Home Curriculum Vitae of Keith Hart Home Address 135 rue du Faubourg Poissonni¨re 4e ©tage Chevalier-Hart 75009 Paris, France Phone E-Mail keith@thememorybank.co.uk Web www.thememorybank.co.uk Status Married, one adult child, one young child Nationality British Born 22 June 1943, Manchester, UK Education Manchester Grammar School 1954-1961 St. John's College, Cambridge University 1961-1969 Qualifications Patchett Classics Scholar, St. John's 1961 B.A. First Class, Cambridge University 1965 (Part I Classics, Part II Social Anthropology) Ph.D Social Anthropology, Cambridge University 1969 (supervised by Jack Goody)

28. CNN.com - Nigeria Militia Kills 20 Villagers - January 1, 2002 Since the September religious riots relations between the indigenous peoples, who are mainly Christian or animist, and the Muslim hausaFulani, have remained http://www.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/africa/01/01/nigeria.village/

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 Nigeria militia kills 20 villagers LAGOS, Nigeria More than 20 people were killed and scores injured in an attack on a central Nigerian village by an ethnic Hausa-Fulani militia, police said on Tuesday. Police said the miltia attacked Dagwom Turu village in the Jos South local government area of Plateau state on Sunday. They said it was an apparent reprisal attack for the killing of ethnic Hausa-Fulani in religious riots in the state. More than 500 people were killed in three days of Christian-Muslim fighting in September in the city of Jos, Plateau state capital, and surrounding districts. Plateau state police command spokesman Ali Yusuf told Reuters: "At least 15 people were killed and scores wounded after some armed Fulanis invaded Dagwom Turu village. "Some of those injured died in hospital, bringing the death toll to more than 20 so far.

29. Africa Indigenous People Resources Bangwa africa, african Anthropology General Resources. By peoples http://www.archaeolink.com/africa_indigenous_people_resourc.htm

Bangwa Home Africa, African Anthropology General Resources By peoples Akan Akuapem Akye Anyi ... Zulu ArtWorld AFRICA -Bangwa "The Bangwa occupy a mountainous and part forested countryside west of the Bamileke in south-eastern Cameroon, near the headwaters of the Cross River. They comprise nine chiefdoms. People live in separate family compounds, sometimes with large meeting houses where visitors may be received." - From University of Durham - http://artworld.uea.ac.uk/teaching_modules/africa/cultural_groups_by_country/bangwa/welcome.html Bangwa People "Authority among the Bangwa was traditionally instituted as part of the Bamileke political complex. Like most of the western Grasslands people, Babanki political authority is vested in a village chief, who is supported by a council of elders, and is called Fon." You will find material related to Bangwa history, culture, arts, political structure and more. - From University of Iowa - http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Bangwa.html

30. MSN Encarta - Africa majority of its inhabitants are of indigenous origin same holds for the Igbo and hausa in Nigeria African people identify themselves, or have been identified by http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572628_7/Africa.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Send us feedback Related Items African Art and Architecture African Languages more... Magazines Search the Encarta Magazine Center for magazine and news articles about this topic Further Reading Editors' Picks Africa News Search MSNBC for news about Africa Internet Search Search Encarta about Africa Search MSN for Web sites about Africa Also on Encarta Editor's picks: Good books about Iraq Compare top online degrees What's so funny? The history of humor Also on MSN Summer shopping: From grills to home decor D-Day remembered on Discovery Switch to MSN in 3 easy steps Our Partners Capella University: Online degrees LearnitToday: Computer courses CollegeBound Network: ReadySetGo Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions Encyclopedia Article from Encarta Advertisement document.write(''); Page 7 of 18 Africa Multimedia 159 items Dynamic Map View map of Africa Article Outline Introduction Natural Environment People of Africa Economy ... History G Human Impact on Vegetation Little of Africa’s vegetation is natural in the sense of being virtually unaltered by humans. Areas near settlements bear the particular marks of human impact: People plant trees for fruit, shade, and other uses; preserve beneficial wild species; and selectively clear less desired vegetation.

31. African Timelines Part I AND CULTUREAs Africas peoples established themselves and Spoken African languages indigenous to the continent are hundred languages, including hausa, spoken over a large http://www.cocc.edu/cagatucci/classes/hum211/timelines/htimeline.htm

Humanities 211 (Historical Contexts, Oral Arts, Film) Prof. Cora Agatucci 6 October 1998: Learning Resources http://scout.wisc.edu/Reports/SocSci/1998/ss-981006.html Part I: Ancient Africa from the beginnings BC / BCE With Brief Discussions: Problem of Sources Sacred Writing Ma'at African Orature ... Can We Generalize about a Common African Culture? African Timelines Table of Contents Contribute to African Timelines, add a link, or make a comment! New Submission Form 5 to 2.5 million BCE Fossils, rocks, ancient skeletal remains have been uncovered in the Rift Valley and surrounding areas Photo of an African rift (Univ. of Pennsylvania): http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Misc_GIFS/African_rift.gif Evidence points to a common human ancestry originating in Africa from the emergence of a humanlike species in eastern Africa some 5 million years ago. From Hadar, Ethiopia, the 3.18 million year-old remains of "Lucy" were unearthed in 1974. Resources for African Archeology (ArchNet-WWW Archeology) http://archnet.asu.edu/archnet/regions/africa.php3

32. MSN Encarta - Africa In Nigeria, Yoruba, Igbo, and hausa compete, sometimes In many countries, adherents to indigenous belief systems Subsequently, Jewish people may have converted http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572628_8/Africa.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Send us feedback Related Items African Art and Architecture African Languages more... Magazines Search the Encarta Magazine Center for magazine and news articles about this topic Further Reading Editors' Picks Africa News Search MSNBC for news about Africa Internet Search Search Encarta about Africa Search MSN for Web sites about Africa Also on Encarta Editor's picks: Good books about Iraq Compare top online degrees What's so funny? The history of humor Also on MSN Summer shopping: From grills to home decor D-Day remembered on Discovery Switch to MSN in 3 easy steps Our Partners Capella University: Online degrees LearnitToday: Computer courses CollegeBound Network: ReadySetGo Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions Encyclopedia Article from Encarta Advertisement document.write(' Page 8 of 18 Africa Multimedia 159 items Dynamic Map View map of Africa Article Outline Introduction Natural Environment People of Africa Economy ... History B African Languages The number of distinctive languages spoken in Africa is open to debate. Some experts put the number at around 2,000, while others count more than 3,000. Virtually all of these languages originated in Africa. The most widely spoken indigenous African language is Swahili, spoken by nearly 50 million Africans, followed by Hausa and Yoruba, each with more than 20 million speakers. Several languages have only a few thousand speakers. Scholars generally recognize four African language families: Niger-Congo, Afro-Asiatic, Nilo-Saharan, and Khoisan.

33. Joshua Project - Peoples By Country Profiles People Name General hausa. Language. Primary Language hausa. Language Code (ROL3) HUA, Ethnologue Listing. Languages Spoken 2. indigenous Fellowship of 100+ http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=103733&rog3=SU

34. Joshua Project - Peoples By Country Profiles People Name General hausa. Language. Primary Language hausa. Language Code (ROL3) HUA, Ethnologue Listing. indigenous Fellowship of 100+ Yes. http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=103733&rog3=NI

35. Sudan - The Muslim Peoples Nearly 60 percent of people included in the But the hausa themselves, particularly those long in and they occasionally competed with indigenous populations for http://countrystudies.us/sudan/38.htm

The Muslim Peoples Sudan Table of Contents Arabs In the early 1990s, the largest single category among the Muslim peoples consisted of those speaking some form of Arabic. Excluded were a small number of Arabic speakers originating in Egypt and professing Coptic Christianity. In 1983 the people identified as Arabs constituted nearly 40 percent of the total Sudanese population and nearly 55 percent of the population of the northern provinces. In some of these provinces (Al Khartum, Ash Shamali, Al Awsat), they were overwhelmingly dominant. In others (Kurdufan, Darfur), they were less so but made up a majority. By 1990 Ash Sharqi State was probably largely Arab. It should be emphasized, however, that the acquisition of Arabic as a second language did not necessarily lead to the assumption of Arab identity. Despite common language, religion, and self-identification, Arabs did not constitute a cohesive group. They were highly differentiated in their modes of livelihood and ways of life. Besides the major distinction dividing Arabs into sedentary and nomadic, there was an old tradition that assigned them to tribes, each said to have a common ancestor. The two largest of the supratribal categories in the early 1990s were the Juhayna and the Jaali (or Jaalayin). The Juhayna category consisted of tribes considered nomadic, although many had become fully settled. The Jaali encompassed the riverine, sedentary peoples from Dunqulah to just north of Khartoum and members of this group who had moved elsewhere. Some of its groups had become sedentary only in the twentieth century. Sudanese saw the Jaali as primarily indigenous peoples who were gradually arabized. Sudanese thought the Juhayna were less mixed, although some Juhayna groups had become more diverse by absorbing indigenous peoples. The Baqqara, for example, who moved south and west and encountered the Negroid peoples of those areas were scarcely to be distinguished from them.

36. Ethno-religious Politics in various countries indigenous peoples in Latin economic complementarties of different peoples (Fulani) religious Nigeria Ibo, Yurobo, hausa Cameroon, Kenya http://astro.temple.edu/~bstavis/courses/215lectethnic.htm

Chapter 4 Cultural Pluralism, Ethnic Conflict 1. definitions: ethnicity "perceived shared characteristics of a racial or cultural group" -historical lineage, language, religion, race, geographic homeland - most of these are "learned" characteristics 2. Prevalence: Pretty much everywhere except homogeneous states: Finland, Denmark, Japan, South Korea People are mixed together Map showing degree of ethnic heterogeneity in various countries Indigenous peoples in Latin America reasons: -migration to escape poverty, war, repression -conquest, colonialism, imposed cultural values on some peoples, moved people around (e.g. Ottoman, Soviet empires) -artificial state included different peoples -coerced slavery -economic complementarties of different peoples (Fulani) -religious missionary activity Latin American: Spanish/Portugese-Native American-Africans -Other Europeans-South Asians Africa: -very widespread tribal/language differences Rwanda: Tutsies, Hutus

37. Glbtq >> Social Sciences >> Africa: Sub-Saharan, Pre-Independence structures of african societies written by indigenous people prior to of data on homosexuality in africa until the as common in the (Nigerian) hausa bori cult http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/africa_pre.html

Encyclopedia Discussion Forgot Your Password? Not a Member Yet? JOIN TODAY. IT'S FREE! Advertising Opportunities Terms of Service Alpha Index: A-B C-F G-K L-Q ... T-Z Subjects: A-E F-L M-Z Africa: Sub-Saharan, Pre-Independence page: The myth of exclusive heterosexuality in indigenous black/sub-Saharan Africa was widely diffused by the 94th chapter of Edward Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1781). Referring to homosexual behavior, Gibbon wrote, "I believe and hope that the negroes in their own country were exempt from this moral pestilence." Gibbon's fond hope was based on neither travel to Africa nor on inquiry of any kind. A century later, Sir Richard Burton, who unlike Gibbon did know something of Africa, reinforced the myth of African sexual exceptionalism by drawing the boundaries of his "sotadic Zone," where homosexuality was supposedly widely practiced and accepted, in such a way as to exclude sub-Saharan Africa. Sponsor Message. Especially where Western influences (notably Christian and Marxist) have been pervasive, there is now a belief that homosexuality is a decadent, bourgeois Western innovation forced upon colonial Africa by white men, or, alternately, by Islamic slave-traders. The belief of many Africans that homosexuality is exogenous to the history of their people is a belief with real social consequencesin particular, the stigmatization of those of their people who engage in homosexual behavior or who are grappling with glbtq identities. These beliefs are not, however, based on serious inquiry, historical or otherwise.

38. Map & Graph: Africa:Countries By People: Ethnic Groups Niger, hausa 56%, Djerma 22%, Fula 8.5%, Tuareg 8 Liberia, indigenous African tribes 95% (including Kpelle, Bassa had been slaves), Congo People 2.5% (descendants http://www.nationmaster.com/graph-T/peo_eth_gro/AFR

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Factoid #60 Russia won the first World Air Games , held in Turkey in 1997. Events included hang-gliding, sky-surfing, and ballooning. Interesting Facts Make your own graph: Hold down Control and click on several. Compare All Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 100 Bottom 100 Bottom 20 Bottom 10 Bottom 5 All (desc) in category: Select Category Agriculture Crime Currency Democracy Economy Education Energy Environment Food Geography Government Health Identification Immigration Internet Labor Language Manufacturing Media Military Mortality People Religion Sports Taxation Transportation Welfare with statistic: view: Correlations Printable graph / table Pie chart Scatterplot with ... * Asterisk means graphable. Added May 21 Mortality stats Multi-users ½ price Catholic stats Related Stats People who viewed "People - Ethnic groups" also viewed: Ethnic groups (note) Net migration rate Nationality (adjective) Persons per room ... People : Ethnic groups by country Scroll down for more information Show map full screen Country Description Sierra Leone 20 native African tribes 90% (Temne 30%, Mende 30%, other 30%), Creole (Krio) 10% (descendants of freed

39. The Standards Site African Roots Where Did Most Black Americans affect cultural differences; to identify those indigenous peoples who were the use of factcards about different indigenous groups, eg Ibo, hausa ask pupils http://www.standards.dfee.gov.uk/schemes2/secondary_history/his15/15q2?view=get

40. UN Chronicle: Ethnocentrism In Africa - Challenges To Human Rights Administratio violence erupted up north in Kafanchan between the indigenous people and the hausa/Fulani, leaving do not need tribes in power, but we need people in power http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m1309/2_38/80516647/p1/article.jhtml

@import url(/css/us/style.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); Advanced Search Home Help IN all publications this publication Reference Automotive Business Computing Entertainment Health News Reference Sports YOU ARE HERE Articles UN Chronicle June-August, 2001 Content provided in partnership with Print friendly Tell a friend Find subscription deals Ethnocentrism in Africa - challenges to human rights administration UN Chronicle June-August, 2001 by Theresa Okafor A starting point in the global drive towards defeating racism is ethnocentrism. Aggressive ethnocentrism results in serious and large-scale violation of rights based on origin, gender, language and religion. Africa has played scene to many of these ethnic uprisings and genocide. Memories left behind by the horror of these ethnic conflicts m Burundi, Rwanda and elsewhere are still fresh. And when the struggle is not centred on ethnicity, it narrows down to tribalism and at times even conflicts among clans as happened in Somalia. Secretary-General Kofi Annan said that the "conflict in Africa is a major challenge to UN efforts designed to ensure global peace, prosperity and human rights for all. Although the United Nations was intended to deal with interstate warfare, it is being required more and more often to respond to intra-state instability and conflict. ... Preventing such wars is no longer a matter of defending States or protecting allies. It is a matter of defending humanity itself."

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