1. Africa Indigenous Studies Hausa People africa, african Anthropology General Resources. By peoples in West africa consisting of over peoples. While most of the hausa live in hausaland, some of the people are found scattered from http://www.archaeolink.com/africa_indigenous_studies_hausa_.htm

Hausa Home Africa, African Anthropology General Resources By peoples Akan Akuapem Akye Anyi ... Zulu Hausa An overview of Hausa history and culture. "The Hausa Culture is located mostly in northwestern Nigeria and parts of southwestern Niger they call Hausaland. There are several large cities around Hausaland. The population is the largest in West Africa consisting of over 20 million because of their intermarriages and constant interaction with different peoples. While most of the Hausa live in Hausaland, some of the people are found scattered from West Africa all the way to the Congo Republic settled temporarily as traders or sometimes even permanently." - From Minnesota State University - http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/oldworld/africa/hausa.html Hausa People "Origin myths among the Hausa claim that their founder, Bayajidda, came from the east in an effort to escape his father. He eventually came to Gaya, where he employed some blacksmiths to fashion a knife for him. With his knife he proceeded to Daura where he freed the people from the oppresive nature of a sacred snake who guarded their well and prevented them from getting water six days out of the week." You will find material related to history, culture, political structure and more. - From University of Iowa - http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html

2. MOTHERLAND NIGERIA: PEOPLES (by Boomie O.) ANTHEM. NATIONAL PLEDGE. MOTTO. peoples. POPULATION. RELIGION IFA The indigenous Faith of africa. Yoruba Nigerian Galleria Life in africa. hausa Art Life in africa. Fulani of Nigeria http://www.motherlandnigeria.com/people.html

PEOPLES SITE AWARDS NIGERIAN ORGANIZATIONS SEND FREE WEBCARD IMMIGRATION ... SCAM INFORMATION TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRO THE GEOGRAPHY LOCATION MAP RIVERS PATRIOTIC STUFF FLAG COAT OF ARMS NATIONAL ANTHEM NATIONAL PLEDGE MOTTO PEOPLES POPULATION RELIGION -CHRISTIANITY -ISLAM -TRADITIONAL -INFLUENCE ETHNIC GROUPS -YORUBA -IBO (or IGBO) -OTHERS LANGUAGES -YORUBA ALPHABET -HAUSA ALPHABET -LINKS TO OTHERS LANGUAGE RESOURCES -GENERAL RESOURCES -YORUBA RESOURCES -IBO RESOURCES -HAUSA RESOURCES -OTHERS MORE ON LANGUAGES -NUMBERS -PEOPLE -BODY PARTS -HOUSE PARTS -PLACES -OTHER WORDS ADDITIONAL LANGUAGES YORUBA NAMES -THE NAMING CEREMONY -COMMON PARTS -CIRCUMSTANTIAL NAMES IGBO NAMES HAUSA NAMES LINKS ON NAMES THE WEDDING MARRIAGE TIDBITS FAMILY TIDBITS OTHER SOURCES FOODS AND DRINKS INTRO SOME MEALS SOME DRINKS RECIPES RECIPES LINKS BUYING (ingredients and food) DINING (restaurants) HEALTHCARE TRADITIONAL HEALTH CURRENT HEALTH POLICY INFO FOR TRAVELERS OTHER LINKS HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS EDUCATION SCHOOL LANGUAGES SCHOOL YEAR SCHOOL LEVELS SCHOOL ATTIRE SCHOOL TRANSPORTATION SCHOOL LINKS HOLIDAYS FESTIVALS ATTIRE TRANSPORTATION AIR LAND WATER SPORTS SPORTS PLAYED SPORTS HISTORY RECORDS SPORTS ASSOCIATIONS SITES ON SPORTS THE ARTS ART LITERATURE MEDIA -RADIO -TELEVISION -INTERNET JUJU MUSIC FUJI MUSIC AFRO-BEAT MUSIC OTHER MUSIC TYPES OTHER SITES WITH SAMPLES

3. Resources For 306 africa peoples Cultures. RESOURCES IMAGES Angola 1/19/99. hausaYoruba violence in Lagos 11/29 show early settlements in Liberia, indigenous political subdivisions, and some of http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~anthro/courses/306/resources.html

Lenses Point-Counterpoint on Nigeria In The News Angola 1/19/99 Hausa-Yoruba violence in Lagos 11/29/99 Kabila killed in Zaire "Sarah" repatriated 9 Aug 2002 Music Fela Kuti Maps Geology The African plate Gondwanaland breakup The Jos Plateau Rivers ... "The real Africa" ethnic map Climate ITCZ movement (834K animation!) Precipitation The harmattan, central Nigeria, January gorgeous African land cover map Colonial holdings before WWI ... Maps of Liberia at the Library of Congress ( I ncludes examples from the American Colonization Society, organized in 1817 to resettle free black Americans in West Africa. These maps show early settlements in Liberia, indigenous political subdivisions, and some of the building lots that were assigned to settlers. Language Greenberg's classification African Cultures/Peoples Kalahari peoples Image Archive (Documentary Educational Resources) with images by the Marshalls Does Africa really have no history? Khoisan ethnic/language chart Bushman man and child Herero ... Kagga-Kamma reserve (or backup Kalahari Peoples Fund Ituri Peoples Biologist with Ituri pygmies, 1927

4. Africa Indigenous People Baule africa, african Anthropology General Resources. By peoples. Bobo Bushoong Bwa Chokwe Dan Diamande Dogon Eket Fang Fante Fon Frafra Fulani hausa Hemba Holoholo http://www.archaeolink.com/africa_indigenous_people_baule.htm

Baule Home Africa, African Anthropology General Resources By peoples Akan Akuapem Akye Anyi ... Zulu ArtWorld AFRICA - Baule "One of the Akan group sharing similar language and, in general, matrilineal inheritance. They broke away from the Asante of Ghana in the 18th century, bringing with them craftsmanship in gold and gold leaf decoration." - From University of Durham - http://artworld.uea.ac.uk/teaching_modules/africa/cultural_groups_by_country/baule/welcome.html Baule People "The Baule belong to the Akan peoples who inhabit Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire. Three hundred years ago the Baule people migrated westward from Ghana when the Asante rose to power. The tale of how they broke away from the Asante has been preserved in their oral traditions." You will find material related to history, culture, religion, political structure, art and more. - From University of Iowa - http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Baule.html

5. Tribes Of The Niger the Sahel zone of West africa from Senegal century, established kingdoms by the conquest of indigenous peoples. population 7 million hausa a Chadicspeaking http://schools.4j.lane.edu/spencerbutte/StudentProjects/Rivers/tribe.html

Tribes of the Niger River BAMBARA : a Mande-speaking people of Mali. Today sedentary farmers, they are divided inti many small chiefdoms, and known for their elaborate cosmology and religion. Earlier they had founded two important states at Seguo, on the Niger. Population 1.2 million. EDO : a Kwa-speaking people of southern Nigeria, the population of the kingdom of Benin; whose political and religious ruler, the , lives in Benin City. The ruling dynasty is historically closely linked with the Yoruba. They are famed for they carving, metal-casting and other arts. Population 1.3 million. FULANI ( FULBE, PEUL) : a people speaking a West Atlantic language, dispersed across the Sahel zone of West Africa from Senegal to Cameroon. They are predominantly Muslim, and coprise both transhumant cattle keepers and also sedentaery agricultural groups. Both are typically minority elements living among other peoples. The pastoralist groups are egalitarian, the sedentary ones having chiefs in some areas, such as northern Nigeria, where they overthrew the Hausa rulers of existing states in the early 19th century, established kingdoms by the conquest of indigenous peoples. population 7 million HAUSA : a Chadic-speaking people of Nigeria and Niger. They are intensive farmers

6. Africa Peoples & Cultures Resources & Images africa peoples Cultures RESOURCES IMAGES. Resources for 306 Angola 1/19/99 hausa-Yoruba violence in Lagos 2-3 Nubia 2-15 Colonial administration and indigenous groups 3-14 http://www.nigeriainfonet.com/Srchdata/africa_peoples_.htm

Resources for 306 - Angola 1/19/99 Hausa-Yoruba violence in Lagos 11/29/99 Lecture Notes 2-1 Bantu expansion 2-1 Origins of food production 2-3 Nubia 2-15 Colonial administration and indigenous groups 3-14... About Us Add URL Ad with Nigeriainfonet Affiliate Program ... Yourname@nigerianetmail.com KEK Technology Inc. Network and Partners Siftthru.com Siftthru.net Everyone.net OzForex ... NigeriaNetMail.com Send mail to sfd-w@nigeriainfonet.com

7. African Art On The Internet An annotated guide resources on african art. story architecture, Islam and indigenous african cultures, Shawabtis and major peoples" from West and Central africa. Include masks, figures, artifacts, textiles (hausa robes, Asafo http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/art.html

Topics : African Art Search: Countries Topics Africa Guide Suggest a Site ... Africa Home See also: South African Art Photographs 13th Triennial Symposium on African Art, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 31 March - 3 April 2004, African Art: Roots and Routes Click on African Art Triennial . Sponsored by the Arts Council of the African Studies Association (ACASA ). Events will take place at Harvard University in Cambridge, Ma. as well as at the Peabody-Essex Museum in Salem, Ma. and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~du_bois/ Addis Art - Nouveau Art from Ethiopia Artists include Shiferaw Girma and Lulseged Retta. Photographs of each artist's work, a biography, and video. Founded by Mesai Haileleul. [KF] http://www.addis-art.com/ Adire African Textiles - Duncan Clarke History, background, and photographs of adire, adinkra, kente, bogolan, Yoruba aso-oke, akwete, ewe, kuba, and nupe textiles. The symbolism of images is often provided. One can purchase textiles as well. Clarke's Ph.D. dissertation (School of Oriental and African Studies) is on Yoruba men's weaving. Based in London. http://www.adire.clara.net Afewerk Tekle "Ethiopia’s leading artist." Biography, his paintings, sculptures, mosaics, murals, art in the artist's home. Afewerk created the stained-glass windows at the entrance of Africa Hall, headquarters of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. "In 1964, he became the first winner of the Haile Selassie I prize for Fine Arts." "In 2000, he was one of the few chosen World Laureates by the council of the ABI on the occasion of the 27th International Millennium Congress on the Arts and Communication in Washington DC." He painted Kwame Nkrumah's portrait and was awarded the American Golden Academy Award and the Cambridge Order of Excellence England. Prints of his work may be purchased online. http://www.afewerktekle.org

8. Ethnic Groups has a large centralized hausa community, usually of information about the peoples of africa concerning Native, Aboriginal, and indigenous internet resources on http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/cm/africana/ethnicit.htm

Library Catalog African Ethnicities Please note that I have a separate page available on African languages A number of Web pages have been produced by members of indigenous minority and majority ethnic groups world-wide. Rather than primarily serving as academic, encyclopedic, or anthropological resources, they are often self-promotional, but several provide excellent information and rigorous documentation. This is a small collection of such pages produced primarily by Africans, along with some material produced by others. Most often, these African ethnic group home pages are a direct expression of individual members of the group, but in several cases represent an academic, official, or institutional point of view. If you are looking for an "objective" presentation, these links may not be the best sources for your work. Nevertheless, most have very good cultural, historical, and other background information, and many provide links to related sites that you may also find useful. Below the list, there is a collection of Other sites with information on African ethnic groups with different kinds of resources, for example, with a national, cultural anthropological, or linguistic focus. Finally, because this is an area that is not well represented on the web, a

9. African Studies - History And Cultures and maps. african indigenous Science and Knowledge Systems Page in the 1970s or earlier) Amhara. hausa. PygmiesMbuti involving the Mande peoples of West africa, and the neighbors http://www.columbia.edu/cu/libraries/indiv/area/Africa/cult.html

History and Cultures of Africa A B C D ... Sights and Sounds of a Continent (University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries and African Studies Program, Madison, Wisconsin) This web site offers dwnloadable images, sound files, and other materials on Africa. "This online collection ... contains digitized visual images and sounds of Africa contributed over the years to the African Studies Program of the University of Wisconsin-Madison." Africa Forum (H-Africa, H-Net Humanities and Social Sciences OnLine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.) The full text article reprinted from History in Africa. 22 (1995): 369-408. "History facing the present: an interview with Jan Vansina" (November 2001) and Reply by Jean-Luc Vellut "Photography and colonial vision," by Paul S. Landau (May 19, 1999, Dept. of History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut) Excerpt from "The visual image in Africa: an introduction" in Images and empires: visuality in colonial and post-colonial Africa, ed. by Paul S. Landau and Deborah Kaspin. H-Africa Africa Forum Home Page H-Africa Network Home Page Africa's 100 Best Books (Zimbabwe International Book Fair, Harare; via Columbia University)

10. Internet African History Sourcebook these peoples or indigenous african Culture At Harvard A clear narrative, and excellent maps on the penetration of Islam across the Sahara and in East africa The hausa Kingdoms http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/africa/africasbook.html

Halsall Home Ancient History Sourcebook Medieval Sourcebook Modern History Sourcebook Other History Sourcebooks: East Asian Indian Islamic Jewish ... Science Internet African History Sourcebook Africa is both the most clearly defined of continents - in its geography - and the hardest to pin down in historical terms. Human beings originated in Africa and, as a result, there is more diversity of human types and societies than anywhere else. It is not possible, in any non-ideological way, to claim any one of these peoples or societies as more essentially "African" than others; nor is it possible to exclude a given society as "not really African". On this site historical sources on the history of human societies in the continent of Africa are presented, when available, without making prejudgements about what is "African". This page is a subset of texts derived from the three major online Sourcebooks listed below. For more contextual information, for instance about the Islamic world, check out these web sites. Internet Ancient History Sourcebook Internet Medieval Sourcebook Internet Modern History Sourcebook Notes: In addition to direct links to documents, links are made to a number of other web resources.

11. 100gogo Expedition Of Africa, Africa's Super Predators & Mammals Safari conquered indigenous peoples (such as the numerous hausa) or live in a symbiotic relationship with agricultural peoples. (C) Westcentral africa cultural http://www.100gogo.com/africa/

Africa - The Birthplace of Modern Humans You either love it or hate it . . . Africa Map Click here to see large map Introduction Features of Africa Africa is the second-largest continent , after Asia, covering 30,330,000 sq km; about 22% of the total land area of the Earth. It measures about 8,000 km from north to south and about 7,360 km from east to west. The highest point on the continent is Mt. Kilimanjaro - Uhuru Point - (5,963 m/19,340 ft) in Tanzania. The lowest is Lake 'Asal (153 m/502 ft below sea level) in Djibouti. The Forests cover about one-fifth of the total land area of the continent. The Woodlands, bush lands, grasslands and thickets occupy about two-fifth. And the Deserts and their extended margins have the remaining two-fifths of African land. World's longest river : The River Nile drains north-eastern Africa, and, at 6,650 km (4,132 mi), is the longest river in the world. It is formed from the Blue Nile, which originates at Lake Tana in Ethiopia, and the White Nile, which originates at Lake Victoria. World's second largest lake : Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa and the is the world's second-largest freshwater lake - covering an area of 69,490 sq km (26,830 sq mi) and lies 1,130 m (3,720 ft) above sea level. Its greatest known depth is 82 m (270 ft).

12. The Standards Site: Black Peoples Of America From Slavery To Equality? different indigenous groups, eg Ibo, hausa ask pupils groups of pupils investigating different indigenous african tribes africa long before white people arrived http://www.standards.dfee.gov.uk/schemes2/secondary_history/his15/?view=list&col

13. Grade Six Social Studies: Location(Content/Concepts) Ashanti; Akan (hausa); Ewe; Fulani. major changes Brought in a population of Blacks from africa. indigenous peoples, many of whom had been established on the land http://www.sasked.gov.sk.ca/docs/midlsoc/gr6/g62conss.html

Social Studies Grade Six Learning About History Content/Concepts Teaching Strategies Knowledge Skills/Abilities Values ... Grade Six Unit Two Table of Contents Content/Concepts Learning About History Concepts: history, oral history, artifacts, timeline Information from a pre-historical period is obtained largely from *oral history and archaeological findings. artifacts fossils legends, myths Artifacts have great value and importance. record of past sacred significance Information about the more recent past comes from primary sources history books *oral history (e.g. stories, legends, myths, etc.) * Oral history was and still is of great value to North American Indigenous people. In many cultures the elders were revered as historians. The concept of time may be illustrated in a linear fashion. timeline sequence causality Optional The concept of time may be illustrated in a cyclical fashion. circle repetitious, e.g. day/night, the seasons, the life/death cycle Interpretation of History Content/Concepts Teaching Strategies Knowledge Skills/Abilities Values ... Grade Six Unit Two Table of Contents Content/Concepts Interpretation of History Concepts: history, point of view

14. World Regional Geography 200 - Africa A. Major Tribes (hausaFulani, Yoruba and Ibo). N. 1962 South africa Becomes a Republic. borrowing. This change takes place when indigenous peoples come into http://www.cotc.edu/Professional/rklingensmith/Africa/

Jump to module in this page: Africa: Module 10: Colonialism Objectives and Policy ^Go to Top^ I. Colonialism Defined "In the broadest sense, colonialism is the application of the international designs of imperialistic powers, whereby the peoples of weaker states or territories are subjected to the rule and control of the governments of these more powerful states, for the purposes of exploitation of resources, imposition of alien values, and the safeguarding of the colonizing power's national interest. Whether this national interest demands involvement in distant lands or adjacent ones in really immaterial; the objectives and the methods are much the same." De Blij, 1971. II. Colonial Policies and Objectives A. Portugal - Mercantilism B. Germany C. Belgium - Paternalism D. France - France D'Outre Mer E. United Kingdom - Indirect Rule 2. Protectorates (e.g., Bechuanaland)

15. Facts On File, Inc. and the fiftytwo nations of africa in an the history and culture of its indigenous peoples, and brief Gambia; hausa States; Ife; Kenya; Lesotho; Mali; Niger; Orange; http://www.factsonfile.com/newfacts/FactsDetail.asp?PageValue=Books&SIDText=0816

16. The Languages And Writing Systems Of Africa of ), English is the official language but, hausa, Yoruba, Ibo and a number of indigenous languages are Ewe in the south and Voltaicspeaking peoples in the http://www.intersolinc.com/newsletters/africa.htm

English Deutsch Español Français ... Português Three Pointe Dr. Suite 301 Brea, California 92821 U.S.A. Tel.: Fax: Toll Free (U.S.) With a global network of experienced resources, InterSol provides customized, cost-effective solutions to the challenges of international communications. Other Editions Africa The Languages and Writing Systems of Africa Country Language Script Algeria, Al Djazair, Algérie, (Democratic and Popular Republic of) Arabic, French and a Berber language. Arabic, Latin, Berber Angola, (Republic of) Portuguese is the official language, but a Bantu language is widely spoken. Latin, Bantu Benin, former kingdom, situated in present-day SW Nigeria French and Fon Latin, Fon Botswana, ( Republic of) English is the official language, but the population is mainly Tswana, who speak a Bantu language. Latin, Bantu Burkina Faso or Burkina, formerly Upper Volta French is the official language. Latin Burundi, Republic of Official languages are French and Kurundi (a Bantu language) Swahili is also spoken Latin, Bantu

17. West Africa- Mariage Rites And Ages Traditionally, most West African peoples regarded a girls as wife, which means that many hausa men are The payment usually follows indigenous rules rather than http://www.ageofconsent.com/comments/wafrica.htm

[Cool Teen Sites] West Africa - Mariage Rites and Ages Marriage West Africans generally perceive marriage as an alliance between two kinship groups and only secondarily a union of individuals. (Akande 1979, Dunabar, 1983). Some Muslim ethnic groups, such as the Serer in Senegal, or the Songhay in Mali, Niger, and Nigeria, are exogamous, preferring to marry outside their lineages. In Nigeria, Islamic law prohibits marriage between Muslim men and animist women, though Muslim men may marry Christian women. Muslim Nigerian women may only marry other Muslim men. In Senegal, Tukulor men adhere to the Quaranic injunction against marrying pagan women. Dyula men do marry pagan women, but Dyula women do not marry pagan men. Other groups have very specific rules against marrying outside of the ethnic group, rather than outside the Islamic religion. Among the Malinke, a group of some four million Muslims in several coastal countries, men can marry women who are not Malinke, but women may only marry Malinke men. Similarly the Jahanka allow their men to marry non-Jahanka women, but women may only marry Jahanka men (Weeks 1984).

18. Islam In Africa-Niger People Religions Muslim 80%, remainder indigenous beliefs and Christians. in Niger are the hausa, who also or seminomadic livestockraising peoples Fulani, Tuareg http://www.islaminafrica.org/niger-p.htm

People: Age structure: 0-14 years: 48% (male 2,374,482; female 2,277,176) 15-64 years: 50% (male 2,345,773; female 2,447,951) 65 years and over: 2% (male 119,644; female 106,822) (July 1998 est.) Population growth rate: 2.96% (1998 est.) Birth rate: 53.01 births/1,000 population (1998 est.) Death rate : 23.38 deaths/1,000 population (1998 est.) Net migration rate: migrant(s)/1,000 population (1998 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.12 male(s)/female (1998 est.) Infant mortality rate: 114.39 deaths/1,000 live births (1998 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 41.52 years male: 41.83 years female: 41.21 years (1998 est.) Total fertility rate: 7.3 children born/woman (1998 est.) Nationality: noun: Nigerien(s) adjective: Nigerien Ethnic groups: Hausa 56%, Djerma 22%, Fula 8.5%, Tuareg 8%, Beri Beri (Kanouri) 4.3%, Arab, Toubou, and Gourmantche 1.2%, about 1,200 French expatriates

19. CHAPTER 2 the hausa in Nigeria refer to their fellow hausa across the Christianity with literacy, that in many parts of africa the indigenous peoples understood the http://www3.sympatico.ca/ian.ritchie/ATSC.Chapter2.htm

CHAPTER 2: SOCIAL CONTEXT OF AFRICAN THEOLOGY 1: Socio-Historical Survey Ancient Egypt developed the first of the great civilizations of world history. Egypt had already a long and illustrious history by the time ancient Greece reached its apex, and it is well established that Greek thinkers acknowledged their debt to ancient Egypt. Much has been written on Egypt and it need not be repeated here, except perhaps to mention that much current African and African-American scholarship is currently in the process of reappropriating Egypt as a specifically African civilization, in which the Cushites and black peoples of southern Egypt played a major role. The "Afrocentric Hypothesis", as advanced by Cheik Anta Diop and his more recent African-American exponent, Molefi Asante, states that Egypt was the source of all the significant cultural ideas of the civilizations which followed it, Persia, Greece, Rome, etc., and that all of these ideas came from an African source in Egypt and the southern Nile region (see Diop 1954, 1974 and Asante 1987). While some of the more extreme ideas of the "Afrocentrists" remain controversial in historical scholarship, they are bringing the role of black Africa in the ancient world out of obscurity into the realm of debate, which in itself advances the achievement of Africans and has shed light on the manner in which Euroamerican scholarship has systematically denied and suppressed information about Africa's past greatness, a greatness which included the empires of Egypt, Nubia, Ethiopia, Mali, Songhay, Timbuctoo, and Zimbabwe.

20. Esm_rowntree_dag_2|Sub-Saharan Africa|Multiple Choice (B) hausa. and economic stability in modern SubSaharan africa is threatened by all borders had little regard for social systems created by indigenous peoples. http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_rowntree_dag_2/0,6420,453177-,00.html

Home Sub-Saharan Africa Multiple Choice Sub-Saharan Africa Multiple Choice Select the best answer from the choices provided. Hint Environmental issues in Sub-Saharan Africa include all of the following EXCEPT: Hint air pollution. water pollution. deforestation. desertification. wildlife destruction. Peanuts are a main export crop among states in the Sahel, but peanut farming is difficult for the environment because: Hint (A) peanuts deplete key nutrients out of the soil, forcing farmers to continually seek new land. (B) peanuts grow underground, requiring soil to be overturned at harvest time when dry winds are more likely to carry away fine topsoil. (C) peanut roots hold in topsoil, creating mud during the rainy season that clogs irrigation systems and increases risks of mudslides. A and B only All of the answers provided. Since most household energy needs (cooking, heating, etc.) are met by burning wood, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT: Hint Women and children in some areas spend hours each day gathering wood for fuel. In some communities, village women have organized into groups to plant trees to meet future energy needs.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

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