1. Guyana History | Lonely Planet World Guide guyana history. The aboriginal inhabitants of the Guyanese coast were Carib Indianswho had driven the peaceful Arawak north and westwards into the Antilles. http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/south_america/guyana/history.htm

home search help worldguide ... Related Weblinks Guyana History The aboriginal inhabitants of the Guyanese coast were Carib Indians who had driven the peaceful Arawak north and westwards into the Antilles. European settlement didn't occur until 1615, when the Dutch West Indian Company erected a fort and depot on the lower Essequibo River. The Dutch traded with the Indian peoples of the interior, and established riverside plantations - worked by African slaves - and sugar quickly became the dominant crop. While the coast remained firmly under Dutch control, the English were busy establishing sugar and tobacco plantations west of the Suriname River. Conflict between the two countries meant parts of the region changed hands a number of times, but by 1796 Britain had become the major power. In 1834, slavery was abolished forcing many plantations to close or look for another source of labor. The British solved the problem by shipping indentured workers from India. From 1846-1917, almost 250,000 laborers entered Guyana, dramatically transforming the country's demographic balance and laying the basis for persistent ethnic tensions. Globalization and neoliberal economics dictate that Guyana's pristine environment will be under intense pressure from transnational companies seeking logging and mining concessions for the foreseeable future. These environmental issues are not the only threats to present-day Guyana. Higher crime rates, worsening poverty and political instability contribute to the troubles. In March 2001, Jagdeo was reelected president, but demonstrations and occasional violence - and fires that were possibly politically sparked - have shaken Georgetown and other areas since. Some of this violence is ethnically motivated, prompting political leaders to form an ethnic relations commission and a review of the voter registration system.

2. History Of The Republic Of Guyana History of the Republic of Guyana. Set like a gem in the crown of South America, nestled on the NorthEastern shoulder, defying the raging Atlantic Ocean, Guyana's many waterways reflect the source http://www.guyana.org/history.html

History of the Republic of Guyana Updated May 2004 Set like a gem in the crown of South America, nestled on the North-Eastern shoulder, defying the raging Atlantic Ocean, Guyana's many waterways reflect the source of it's name "The Land of Many Waters" Guyana was discovered in 1498 by the Europeans, its history; therefore stretches back a bit more than 500 years!. Guyana's past is punctuated by battles fought and won, possessions lost and regained as the Spanish, French, Dutch and British wrangled for centuries to own this land. Our cultural diversity and rich architecture reflect these early years. Guyana - Historic Events. A persistent threat to Guyana's territorial integrity The Shape of Guyana (A three part series.) The Guyana-Suriname boundary during the colonial era. (Stabroek News) The Guyana - Suriname Boundary A Historical Review Robert Schomburgk's Letters and Reports (This report consists of 18 documents). Robert Schomburgk: An early scientist in Guyana Guyana's Western Border Background Historical Documents The Trail Of Diplomacy A Documentary History of the Guyana-Venezuela Border Issue.

3. Guyana History - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Cu guyana history Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources,Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/guyana/guyana_history_index.html

Country Ranks Introduction History Geography People Government Gov. Leaders ... [TOP] Guyana History Index http://workmall.com/wfb2001/guyana/guyana_history_index.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies History Introduction Historical Setting THE EARLY YEARS THE COMING OF THE EUROPEANS ... From Burnham to Hoyte NOTE: The information regarding Guyana on this page is re-published from The Library of Congress Country Studies. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Guyana History information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Guyana History should be addressed to the Library of Congress. Please put this page in your BOOKMARKS - - - - - Enter your e-mail address to receive e-mail when this web site is updated. Your Internet e-mail address: http://workmall.com/wfb2001/guyana/guyana_history_index.html Revised 24-Jul-02 Photius Coutsoukis

4. Guyana History History of Guyana. http://www.countryreports.org/history/guyahist.htm

History of Guyana History Home Page CountryReports.org Subscription Discuss World Issues! ... From Burnham to Hoyte Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Bolivia Bulgaria Cambodia Chad Chile China Congo, Dem. Rep. Colombia Comoros Cyprus Czech Republic Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Ethiopia Finland Georgia Germany Ghana Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakstan Korea, North Korea, South Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Libya Madagascar Mauritania Moldova Mongolia Nepal Nicaragua Nigeria Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Saudi Arabia Seychelles Singapore Somalia Spain Sri Lanka Sudan

5. GUYANESE MUSLIMS: History, Traditions Conflict And Change MUSLIMS IN guyana history, TRADITIONS, CONFLICT AND CHANGE. Introduction. By1996, when Guyana achieved independence, the taziya was history. http://www.guyana.org/features/guyanese_muslim.html

MUSLIMS IN GUYANA by Raymond Chickrie rchickrie@hotmail.com SUMMARY Updated September 9th. 2001 "Muslims in Guyana: History, Traditions, and Conflict and Change " is a modest attempt to begin recording the history and traditions of Guyanese Muslims. To this day, nothing has ever been published on this subject. This paper traces the origins of the Muslims, their cultural heritage and their "Indo-Iranian" practices that came under scrutiny after "Arabization" or the orthodox movement, which began in the seventies. "Muslims in Guyana: History, Traditions, Conflicts and Change " brings to light aspects of the "Indo-Iranian" traditions that are controversial and have often divided the Muslims into two camps the "Indo-Iranian" and the "Arab." Opponents of "Indo-Iranian" traditions such as Milad-un-Nabi (Melaad-Sharief), Tazim, and the singing of Qasida call these practices Bidah or Innovation. It is impossible to disconnect Guyanese Muslims from the Sub-Continent since it is their ancestral home. Hence," Muslims in Guyana: History, Traditions, Conflict and Change

6. Guyana History And Culture Search. South America for Visitors, guyana history and Culture Guidepicks. Current Guyana Summary from the History Channel. Guyanese http://gosouthamerica.about.com/cs/guyculture/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Travel South America for Visitors Home ... Survivor All Stars zau(256,152,180,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Top Attractions Countries A - E Countries F-V Plan Your Trip ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About South America for Visitors newsletter. Search South America for Visitors Guyana History and Culture Guide picks Current events, environmental issues and boundary conflicts, Guyanese life, politics, culture and historical references A History of the Republic of Guyana From Pre-Colombian times to the present with links to related material. Amazonia - Guyana Current events, environmental issues and boundary conflicts. British Guiana 1832 "A Sketch Map of British Guiana South America Compiled from the Surveys & Reports of Hancock Hillhouse and Dutch & Spanish Authorities with the probable boundaries Between the British Columbians Portuguese & Dutch By Captain J.E. Alexander H.P. Late 16th Lancers" from The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 2 1832 to accompany "Notices of the Indians settled in the Interior of British Guiana. By William Hilhouse Esq." Country Profile Facts, resources and links to sites about Guyana.

7. MapZones.com History guyana history. Independent Guyana s history under its first prime minister, ForbesBurnham, is one of political confrontation and long economic decline. http://www.mapzones.com/world/south_america/guyana/historyindex.php

Country Info Guyana Introduction Guyana General Data Guyana Maps Guyana Culture ... Guyana Time and Date Guyana History Back to Top More than twenty five years after gaining independence, Guyana retained the clear imprint of its colonial past. Sighted by Columbus during his third voyage, the area was virtually ignored by later Spanish explorers and conquistadors. The first European settlers were the Dutch, who established a trading post in 1616. The native Carib and Awarak peoples were killed by disease or conflict over the land or forced into the interior. The Dutch, realizing the agricultural potential of the swampy coast, drained the land with a network of dikes and canals. In the 1700s, the three Dutch colonies in present-day Guyana grew and prospered with plantation economies based on sugarcane and slave labor. Increasing number of British settlers were also drawn to the area in the second half of the eighteenth century. Dutch rule ended in 1814 when the colonies were awarded to Britain following the Napoleonic wars. Ideology played a large part in the newly independent country's approach to economic development. The initial selection of a Marxist-Leninist economic system was motivated by a desire to break with the capitalist past. But authoritarian rule by one dominant political personality and continued ethnic tension undermined the crafting of a coherent or pragmatic development strategy. Independent Guyana's history under its first prime minister, Forbes Burnham, is one of political confrontation and long economic decline. Desmond Hoyte's tenure appeared to represent a departure from the economic and authoritarian policies of his predecessor, but in 1991 it was unclear if the historical patterns of personal political dominance and ethnic tension could be changed.

8. Guyana History and rioting. The PNC represents the interests of black Guyanese whilethe PPP is primarily the party of Guyana s East Indians. In http://www.nationbynation.com/Guyana/History1.html

BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. ECONOMY GEOGRAPHY BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. ECONOMY GEOGRAPHY ... GUYANA The Dutch began colonizing this South American region in the early 17th century. The British and the French also sought to dominate here and eventually, the British succeeded: it became a British colony in 1831. In 1966, independence was declared and from then till 1992, the same party was in power (People's National Congress). The party, socialist in ideology, nationalized most of the large companies in the country which contributed to a resource-rich country remaining relatively poor and dependent on foreign aid. In 1992, the People's Progressive Party took over but made little inroads into privatizing the potentially lucrative bauxite and sugar industries. After the death of party leader Cheddi Jagan in March 1997, the prime minister became president and Jagan's widow became prime minister. Elections held later that year brought Mrs. Jagan into power but opposition to these results by the members of the People's National Congress led to mass demonstrations and rioting. The PNC represents the interests of black Guyanese while the PPP is primarily the party of Guyana's East Indians. In 1999, Mrs. Jagan resigned and was succeeded by Bharrat Jagdeo.

9. Iwokrama Library | Guyana History Historical Timeline of Guyana s History. 4000BC Approximate date ofthe earliest petroglyphs found in central Guyana. 1498 Christopher http://www.iwokrama.org/library/guyanahistory.htm

How You Can Help Make a Gift Internships Volunteers ... About Guyana web iwokrama.org Historical Timeline of Guyana's History Approximate date of the earliest petroglyphs found in central Guyana Christopher Columbus sights the Guianas 1570's Non-Spanish Europeans begin to explore the Guianas Dutch begin settling on the Pomeroon River Sir Walter Raleigh explores Guyana in search of El Dorado, a prince who wore gold dust in a city of incredible gold riches Dutch establish Kyk-over-al at the confluence of Essequibo, Mazaruni and Cuyuni rivers Establishment of the Dutch West Indian Company. Abraham Van Pere starts Dutch colonisation of Berbice. 1630's-40's Establishment of Dutch outposts for trading indigenous items like cotton, tobacco, annatto, hammocks in exchange for European manufactured goods; Dutch extend economic activity to include tobacco, coffee and cotton cultivation; slave trade emerges under the Dutch West India Company 1650's Dutch officially permit private persons distinct from the Company to settle in Essequibo, leading to an influx of Dutch settlers and sugar cultivation for export English attack the Dutch settlements of Kyk-over-al (See Over All) and the Pomeroon French attack Berbice and Pomeroon French attack Dutch settlements and demand heavy ransom Emergence of Council of Policy and Justice; becomes the most important political institution

10. Guyana: History Related content from HighBeam Research on guyana history. SurpriseThere Are Black History Professors Who Don t Teach Black History http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0858536.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Father's Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips Encyclopedia Guyana History Before the arrival of European settlers, the indigenous Warrau tribe controlled the territory of Guyana. In the early 17th cent. the Dutch established settlements about the Essequibo River, and England and France also founded colonies in the Guiana region. By the Treaty of Breda (1667) the Dutch gained all the English colonies in Guiana. Possessions continued to change hands in the late 18th and early 19th cent. until the Congress of Vienna (1815) awarded the settlements of Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo to Great Britain; they were united as British Guiana in 1831. Slavery was abolished in 1834. In 1879 gold was discovered, thus speeding British expansion toward the Orinoco delta and resulting in the Venezuela Boundary Dispute After World War II significant progress toward self-government was made. Under the 1952 constitution, elections were won (1953) by the PPP, headed by Cheddi

11. More News From Guyana-GUYANA HISTORY Learn About Guyanese, guyana history, Map, Flag, Coat Of Arms, National Anthem,Government, Currency, Recipes, Holidays And Capital City. http://home.ica.net/~dmoseley/history.htm

Christopher Columbus sailed off the coast of Guyana in 1498 but it was not until a century later that the first Europeans settled in the area. Sir Walter Raleigh visited the territory in 1595 and this was followed by several unsuccessful attempts to establish permanent settlements. The Dutch finally succeeded in 1616 with the establishment of a settlement at Kyk-over-al on an island in the Essequibo River where the remnants of a fort can still be seen. A number of other settlements later sprang up in Essequibo. A second colony was carved out in Berbice when a settlement was established there in 1627. Subsequently, the colony of Demerara was also settled by the Dutch. During the 18th and 19th centuries, these three colonies changed hands several times. The British seized them from the Dutch in 1781 but lost them to the French six months later. The French held them for two years before restoring them to the Dutch in 1783. In 1796, the British again captured the colonies but handed them back to the Dutch in 1802. The British recaptured them in the following year and in 1831 united them as the Colony of British Guiana. They ruled the colony until May 1966 when it became an independent state within the British Commonwealth of Nations. On February 23, 1970, Guyana became a Cooperative Republic within the Commonwealth.

12. Guyana History And Geography Introduction. Top of Page. Background Guyana achieved independencefrom the UK in 1966 and became a republic in 1970. In 1989 Guyana http://www.worldhistory.com/geos/gy.htm

[Country Listing] The World Factbook Home] Guyana Guyana Introduction [Top of Page] Background: Guyana achieved independence from the UK in 1966 and became a republic in 1970. In 1989 Guyana launched an Economic Recovery Program, which marked a dramatic reversal from a state-controlled, socialist economy towards a more open, free market system. Results through the first decade have proven encouraging. Geography [Top of Page] Location: Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Suriname and Venezuela Geographic coordinates: 5 00 N, 59 00 W Map references: South America Area: total: 214,970 sq km land: 196,850 sq km water: 18,120 sq km Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Idaho Land boundaries: total: 2,462 km border countries: Brazil 1,119 km, Suriname 600 km, Venezuela 743 km Coastline: 459 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm Climate: tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to mid-August, mid-November to mid-January) Terrain: mostly rolling highlands; low coastal plain; savanna in south

13. AllRefer Encyclopedia - Cheddi Jagan (Guyana History, Biographies) - Encyclopedi AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete information onCheddi Jagan, guyana history, Biographies. Includes related research links. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/J/Jagan-Ch.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather SEARCH : in Reference June 09, 2004 You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia Guyana History, Biographies ... Cheddi Jagan By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z J Cheddi Jagan, Guyana History, Biographies Related Category: Guyana History, Biographies Cheddi Jagan E Pronunciation Key Burnham Janet Rosenberg Jagan, Topics that might be of interest to you: Forbes Burnham Guyana Encyclopedia U ... com Check out around 175,000 brief encyclopedia articles on almost all topics. Related Categories: People History History Latin America and the Caribbean ... Biographies More articles from AllRefer Reference on Cheddi Jagan Encyclopedia U com Check out around 175,000 brief encyclopedia articles on almost all topics. Content on this web site is provided for informational purposes only. We accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by any person resulting from information published on this site. We encourage you to verify any critical information with the relevant authorities. About Us Contact Us Privacy Links Directory ... Link to AllRefer.com

14. Guyana: History Click to go to text menu. You are here History. Guyana. The originalinhabitants of what is now Guyana, the Arawaks, were displaced http://gbgm-umc.org/country_profiles/country_history.cfm?Id=43

15. Guyana: History Encyclopedia—guyana history. Before the arrival of European settlers, the indigenousWarrau tribe controlled the territory of Guyana. In the early 17th cent. http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0858536.html

Encyclopedia Guyana History Before the arrival of European settlers, the indigenous Warrau tribe controlled the territory of Guyana. In the early 17th cent. the Dutch established settlements about the Essequibo River, and England and France also founded colonies in the Guiana region. By the Treaty of Breda (1667) the Dutch gained all the English colonies in Guiana. Possessions continued to change hands in the late 18th and early 19th cent. until the Congress of Vienna (1815) awarded the settlements of Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo to Great Britain; they were united as British Guiana in 1831. Slavery was abolished in 1834. In 1879 gold was discovered, thus speeding British expansion toward the Orinoco delta and resulting in the Venezuela Boundary Dispute After World War II significant progress toward self-government was made. Under the 1952 constitution, elections were won (1953) by the PPP, headed by Cheddi Jagan , who formed a government. However, the British deemed the government pro-Communist and suspended the constitution. Subsequently the PPP split, and Forbes Burnham formed the PNC. The PPP again won elections in 1957 and (after self-government was granted) in 1961, but was politically weakened by strikes and unrest; it later emerged that much of the agitation was precipitated or funded by the U.S.

16. Guyana History Notebook guyana history NOTEBOOK. CLASS IDEOLOGY AND ETHNIC IDENTIFICATION CHALLENGESFOR A POLITICAL PARTY. PNC AGAIN TWISTS FACTS. MALICIOUS MISINFORMATION. DR. http://www.ppp-civic.org/ghistorynotebook.htm

GUYANA HISTORY NOTEBOOK CLASS IDEOLOGY AND ETHNIC IDENTIFICATION- CHALLENGES FOR A POLITICAL PARTY PNC AGAIN TWISTS FACTS MALICIOUS MISINFORMATION ... TOP CIVIL SERVANTS MEDDLING IN POLITICS

17. Guyana History Notebook guyana history NOTEBOOK Compiled by Odeen Ishmael. PNC AGAIN TWISTSFACTS. The PNC, in its efforts to cover up its reactionary stand http://www.ppp-civic.org/ghn1.htm

GUYANA HISTORY NOTEBOOK Compiled by Odeen Ishmael PNC AGAIN TWISTS FACTS The PNC, in its efforts to cover up its reactionary stand before and during the last Constitutional Talks in London, has again resorted to distortion. In the New Nation of Saturday, July 16, the PNC claimed that the PPP had decided not to press for Cabinet status while in London "because it would mean that the Party would have the responsibility of framing the election year budget through a Finance Minister who was a member of the Party." It is unnecessary to reply to such a childish thought. It goes on also to say that the PNC leadership fought for Cabinet status and that the PPP has now switched back to PNC's leadership. What are the facts? It was the PPP which demanded Cabinet status immediately, and it was Dr. Jagan who referred to talks he had with the former Secretary of State for the Colonies, Mr. Lennox Boyd, concerning Cabinet status. Readers will remember that Dr. Jagan branded the British Government refusal to grant Cabinet status now as a breach of faith. The PNC should quote not a small portion of the minutes which they evidently did concerning ?the Premier's presiding over the Executive Council as a rule rather than the exception." They should quote arguments used by Dr. Jagan and his colleagues.

18. South America Vacations: South America Hotels And Resorts, South America Tours Guyana Overview guyana history Guyana Culture Guyana Geography Guyana PracticalInfo Click here to book your Guyana Vacation Guyana Luxury Cruise Planner. http://www.travelwizard.com/southamerica/Guyana_History.html

South America Vacations, South America Tours, South America Hotels and Resorts Site Index South America Vacation Guide: Romantic South America Vacations South America Luxury Vacations, Travel, Tours, and Cruise Consultants Call 1-415-662-2683 to book your South America vacation South America Countries Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile ... Galapagos Islands Luxury Tours Guyana: History Guyana achieved independence from the UK in 1966 and became a republic in 1970. In 1989 Guyana launched an Economic Recovery Program, which marked a dramatic reversal from a state-controlled, socialist economy towards a more open, free market system. Results through the first decade have proven encouraging. Guyana Overview Guyana History Guyana Culture Guyana Geography ... Guyana Pictures Free, Full Service South America Vacation Planners Click here to save money, time and stress planning, making reservations, or booking your South America vacation with our full service Virtuoso Travel Consultants We are recommended, authorized Virtuoso South America Travel Consultants, and will arrange every little detail to make sure you have a wonderful, carefree vacation experience at no extra charge! You may call our South America Travel Consultants, but first- we'd really appreciate it if you complete our

19. Guyana History Of The Economy History of the Economy. Guyana was first colonized by Dutch settlersin the 1600s. Spanish explorers had ignored the area because http://www.country-studies.com/guyana/history-of-the-economy.html

History of the Economy Sugar soon emerged as the most important plantation crop. Sugar was first grown in colonial Guyana in 1658 but was not produced on a large scale until the late 1700s, about 100 years later than in the rest of the Caribbean region. Because Guyana's plantation owners entered the sugar industry late, they were able to import relatively advanced equipment for milling sugarcane. This investment in advanced equipment gave the local sugar industry a firm foundation and made it the leading sector of the local economy. By 1800 there were an estimated 380 sugar estates along the coast. In the 1990s, almost two centuries later, the population was still concentrated on the same coastal strip of land, and sugar was still one of the nation's two most valuable products. Guyana's distinct ethnic makeup can be traced to conditions that prevailed during the colonial period. To supply the labor required for sugar cultivation, plantation owners at first imported slaves from West Africa. (The indigenous Amerindian population of Guyana was small and lived mostly in the impenetrable interior.) Thousands of slaves were imported each year as plantations expanded; more than 100,000 slaves worked in the colony by 1830. The racial and ethnic divisions that arose out of the two great waves of immigration into Guyana in the colonial period had a profound effect on the country. The divisions between Afro-Guyanese and Indo-Guyanese persisted into the modern period, in both economic and political terms. In the early 1990s, most IndoGuyanese were still employed in agriculture, growing sugar and rice, while the majority of Afro-Guyanese lived in Guyana's few urban areas..

20. World History Archives: History Of French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana History of French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana. Hartford Web Publishing(Haines Brown) is not the author of the documents in World History http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/42/index-b.html

History of French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana Hartford Web Publishing (Haines Brown) is not the author of the documents in World History Archives and does not presume to validate their accuracy or authenticity. History of South America French Guiana Solidarity with Guianese school strike From the International Anarchist Web Page. 6 June, 1997. Guyana Guyanese Plunder Letter by Fiona Watson, in Multinational Monitor, April, 1994. World Bank and IMF leverage structural adjustment in Guyana to get Asian capital to invest in its deforestation. Courting Disaster in Guyana By Desiree Kissoon Jodah, in The Multinational Monitor, South America Issue, November, 1995. Foreign owned mining causes environmental catastrophe.

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