61. The Gulf War teams. Australia s involvement in the aftermath of the gulf war continued until 1993, primarily in sanctions enforcement duty. The http://www.anzacday.org.au/history/gulf_war/gulfwarmain.html

On 2 August 1990 Iraq invaded its small neighbour Kuwait. This action was condemned by the United Nations, and by 10 August 1990 the decision had been made to form a Multi-National Naval Force (MNNF) to serve in the Persian Gulf. The task of this force was initially to enforce UN sponsored sanctions against Iraq. The first Australian vessels committed, the frigates HMAS Darwin and HMAS Adelaide , sailed from Sydney on 13 August 1990, followed shortly afterward by the replenishment tanker HMAS Success. Because her integral air defence capability was inadequate, HMAS Success was allocated eight soldiers equipped with the RBS70 anti-aircraft weapon system from the Australian Army's 16th Air Defence Regiment. On arrival in the Gulf in early September 1990, the Australian element of the MNNF immediately commenced operations in the entrance to the Strait of Hormuz where the two frigates were involved, with allied forces, in the interception of vessels proceeding into the Persian Gulf. On 29 November 1990 the UN, in the face of Iraq's unyielding attitude, passed Resolution 678 which gave authority to member states "to use all necessary means" against Iraq unless it withdrew from Kuwait by 15 January 1991.

62. On Power: The Independent Institute | U. S. History | Gulf Wars infrastructure to rubble; and imposed an economic embargo on Iraq killing over 500,000 children and lasting more than ten years after the gulf war ended. http://www.onpower.org/history_gulf.html

Home Crises and Power History Civil War ... Visit The Independent Institute Gulf Wars Contents: Introduction Consequences of Gulf War I General Gulf War I: Continuation of the Cold War ... Truth in Gulf War I Introduction: One of the far-flung places in which the U.S. government acquired a stake after World War II and reinforced during the Cold War was the Middle East. The attraction was oil and domestic politics, specifically regarding support for the new state of Israel and control of the region. Contrary to common misconception, Soviet expansion was a minor concern compared to awakening Arab nationalism, which was by nature hostile to both Soviet communism and American hegemony. The result of the war was an on-going U.S. garrison in Saudi Arabia, ten years of low-level but civilian-killing warfare against Iraq, and increased military aid to Israel, despite unrelenting occupation of Palestinian territory, and almost every other regime in the entire region. Also, click here for Bibliography for Crisis and Leviathan Consequences of Gulf War I: Atkinson, Rick.

63. Al Gore Gets His History Of The Persian Gulf War Wrong 930-02 Fact Fiction. Al Gore Gets His history of the Persian gulf war Wrong By Rick Shenkman Mr. Shenkman is the editor of HNN. http://hnn.us/articles/999.html

donations archives newsletter contact ... FAQ''s June 9, 2004 Text Size: A A A Departments Breaking News Features HNN Blogs Hot Topics ... Log In Al Gore Gets His History of the Persian Gulf War Wrong By Rick Shenkman Mr. Shenkman is the editor of HNN. In his recent speech about U.S. policy toward Iraq (9-23-02), Al Gore contended that President Bush should have postponed a vote on Iraq in Congress until after the mid-term elections. Gore contrasted the approach President Bush is taking with that taken by the president's father. "President George H. W. Bush purposely waited until after the mid-term elections of 1990 to push for a vote at the beginning of the new Congress in January of 1991," said Gore. "President George W. Bush, by contrast, is pushing for a vote in this Congress immediately before the election." A few days later the New Republic , disagreeing with Gore, argued in an editorial that "it is far better, in a democracy, for legislators to vote on critical issues before an electionso citizens know where they stand when they go to the pollsthan to delay such votes until after an election and thus shield legislators from accountability for their views." Soon, it can be expected, others will weigh in on the matter. But before they do perhaps it is worthwhile to point out that President Bush (the First) did not in fact choose to take the question of war off the national political agenda in the months leading up to the mid-term elections in 1990. Al Gore has got his history wrong.

64. The Canadian Military Heritage Project - Gulf War 1990-1991 . Find Your Military Find your military roots and learn your military history. Spanish Civil war WW II 1939 1945 online soon Korean war 1950 - 1953 Vietnam war gulf war war in http://www.rootsweb.com/~canmil/gulf/

Canadian Military Heritage Project FIND YOUR MILITARY ANCESTORS! Are you interested in Genealogy or military history? Find your ancestors in free searchable databases for each war and rebellion Canada has been involved in. Build your family tree, and rediscover history. Find your military roots and learn your military history. Given Name(s) Last Name Home Free Newsletter Shop for Genealogy Search this site Quick Links Olive Tree Genealogy Naturalization Records in Canada My Family Branches Great War (WW1)Homepage ... U.S.A. Genealogy FREE! Try Ancestry.com's Census Images for FREE!!! Select French-Indian Wars 17th Century American Revolution War of 1812 Rebellion of 1837 Fenian Raids ... South African War (Boer War) 1899 - 1902 WWI Siberian Expeditionary Force Spanish Civil War WW II 1939 - 1945 [online soon] Korean War Vietnam War Gulf War War in Afghanistan 2001 ... Find a Military Ancestor Terrific Databases for UK Ancestors Ancestry UKI Collection Don't miss this database for your Irish, English, Welsh or Scottish roots! Over 50 million names from the UK are at your fingertips. Canadian Genealogy Index 1600s-1900s The Ontario Register, 1780s-1870s

65. International Waters And National Sovereignty Study The gulf war Impact on Terrestrial Environment. Seven years after one of the worst oil pollution events in human history, it is clear that the greatest damage http://www.gci.ch/GreenCrossPrograms/legacy/UNCCKUWAIT.html

Human and Ecological Consequences of the Gulf War's Environmental Damages in Kuwait United Nations Compensation Commission Geneva, January 25, 2000 by Bertrand Charrier Green Cross International Seven years after the Gulf War, it was time to reassess the environmental situation of Kuwait, its patterns of recovery and examine the long-term effects that remain. The environmental assessment produced by Green Cross includes two parts. The first is a study led by a group of scientists/environmental experts and the second is a 26 minutes film-documentary. SUMMARY The environmental damage resulting from the invasion and the subsequent war has affected all ecosystems, as well as human health. Thousands of people still suffer deep psychological disorders - including Post Traumatic Stress Disorder which prevents people from returning to a normal life. The oil contamination of the terrestrial ecosystems reached levels on a scale unprecedented in the history of the planet. The impacts on the environment will take decades to partially disappear and their full effects may never be known. Experts from Green Cross discovered that one fresh groundwater aquifer, representing 40% of the fresh water reserves of Kuwait, is heavily contaminated, and the remaining strategic freshwater reserves provide Kuwait with less than a two-month supply for the entire population!

66. World Socialist Movement - History: Gulf War 1990 broke out as the First World war, was planning through Turkey and Mesopotamia down to the Persian gulf. was the Berlin to Baghdad railway of history book fame http://www.worldsocialism.org/90gulf.htm

November 1990, U.K. Economic causes of the Gulf War The Prussian militarist Clausewitz declared that war was "nothing but the continuation of politics by other means" . He would have been nearer the truth if he had said that war was the continuation of economics by other means. Since the onset of capitalism five hundred years ago wars have been caused by conflicts of economic interest over sources of raw materials, trade routes, markets, investment outlets and strategic points and places to secure and protect these. The threatening war in the Middle East is no exception to this rule, and in fact strikingly confirms the socialist analysis of the cause of war. Oil and Empire British imperialism made Kuwait, which remained nominally part of the Ottoman Empire, a "protectorate" in 1899. This was done not for its oil resources, which nobody even suspected existed, but for its strategic position. At the time Imperial Germany, already squaring up to Britain in the inter-imperialist rivalry which eventually broke out as the First World War, was planning to build a railway that would extend from Europe through Turkey and Mesopotamia down to the Persian Gulf. This was the Berlin to Baghdad railway of history book fame and, if completed, would have represented an alternative and rival to the British-controlled Suez Canal as a trade route to and from the Indian Ocean and the Far East. Kuwait, a small port and pearl-fishing centre at the northern end of the Gulf ruled by a sheik called Al-Sabah, was the likely terminus for the German project. So it was "protected" by British imperialism, to thwart German imperialism.

67. American Women's History: Persian Gulf War American Women s history A Research Guide Persian gulf war Home Page Last Update 6/25/2002 Suggestion Box. This section is http://www.mtsu.edu/~kmiddlet/history/women/wh-persiang.html

American Women's History: A Research Guide Persian Gulf War Home Page Last Update: 6/25/2002 Suggestion Box This section is in the initial stages of development. Bibliographies Encyclopedias Historical Overviews Primary Sources: Archival Collections ... Primary Sources: Digital Collections Bibliographies Goodman, Sue, comp. "Women in the Gulf." In Persian Gulf War, 1990-1991 [online]. Maxwell AFB, AL: Air University Library, 1994 [cited 19 June 2001]. Available from: http://www.au.af.mil/au/aul/bibs/pgwar/pgwrtc.htm. Encyclopedias Newell, Clayton R. Historical Dictionary of the Persian Gulf War, 1990-1991 . Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 1998. Primary Sources: Archival Collections Persian Gulf War [online]. Denton: Texas Woman's University, c2000 [cited 27 November 2000]. Available from: http://twu.edu/library/womans/womansc/gulf.htm. Primary Sources: Digital Collections Oral History Digital Collections [online]. Youngstown, OH: William F. Maag Jr. Library, Youngstown State University, updated March 2002 [cited 25 June 2002]. Available from: http://www.maag.ysu.edu/oralhistory/oral_hist.html. Three of the interviews feature mothers of Gulf War veterans.

68. 3rd Armored History - Gulf War / Desert Storm Index 3rd Armored Division history Website. HOME PAGE. gulf war INDEX. OVERVIEWS Operations Time Frame Div. Operations Summary Div. Units http://www.3ad.us/history/gulf.war.htm

3rd Armored Division History Website HOME PAGE GULF WAR INDEX OVERVIEWS: Operations Time Frame Div. Operations Summary Div. Units Involved VII Corps Maps, Days 1-5 ... SPEARHEAD MAGAZINE MORE TO COME [Home Page]

69. Military History Wars it is necessary to look at the background history for this turbulent area of the World. Although we tend to call the 1990/91 conflict the gulf war this was not http://www.rickard.karoo.net/warsmain6.html

The Gulf War 1990/1991 Historical Context The Iraqi Armed Forces The Coalition Forces The Gulf War, 1991 Historical Context By 1990 Iraq was in severe financial difficulties the price of oil was low and Iraq relied on this as its main source of income. It accused Kuwait of overproducing and flooding the market with cheap oil. Kuwait agreed to lower production but this failed to pacify Sadamm Hussain. He had a second grievance with Kuwait that of the Rumalia oil field in northern Kuwait. The Iraqis owed half this oil field and wanted the rest of it, so they accused the Kuwaitis of stealing oil from the Iraqi half of the oil field. With the Western powers focused on Europe and the end of the Cold War few paid much attention to the Iraqis threats to Kuwait a "Rich, small vulnerable state". Even when conflict looked likely it was thought that if they did invade it would be for limited objectives such as the oil field, (this is what Gen Schwarzkopf believed). The only intelligence agency to predict the invasion was the CIA and then it was on the day before the Iraqis invaded, (not much use!). OPPOSING FORCES The Iraqi Armed Forces On paper the Iraqi Armed forces were impressive, they could field over 1 million men making them the 4th largest Army in the world. But this was misleading, as the War was later to show. The Army had not fully recovered from the Iran/Iraq war; many units were undermanned and desperately short of technicians. The reserves where badly trained and the Army had suffered from purges of its command (those who fell out of favor with Sadam normally had fatal helicopter accidents) it is also highly centralized a feature of dictatorships which made it very vulnerable. Out of 60 Divisions 9 were armored and 5 mechanized, (2 of each being Republican Guard .Two Elite formations also existed, Special Forces and Naval infantry. Crucially both the Army and the Air force lacked the ability to fight at night and their marksmanship was poor. Milan anti tank weapon strike rates were about 1 in 6, Sagger (Soviet Anti tank weapon) were about 1 in 20!

70. Forgotten History This issue really belongs to the second gulf war section but in order to strengthen their political argument for war. alIslam, which has a history of opposing http://www.lossless-audio.com/usa/topic2.php

The first Gulf War View comments August 1990 LA Times article cached Iraq invades Kuwait after the U.S. Ambassador to Baghdad April Glaspie tells Hussein that Washington has ' no opinion on Arab-Arab conflicts, like your border disagreement with Kuwait September 1990 Article cached ) See also: The Pentagon leaks reports estimating that up to 250,000 Iraqi troops and 1,500 tanks stand on the border to Saudi Arabia in preparation for an invasion of the world's major oil fields. Soviet satellite photos however show no such build-up, Iraq denies it, and the US government has refused to release its alleged evidence for such a build-up. Article cached ) See also: The US goes to war with Iraq. One of the main selling points of the war was the story of ' 312 premature babies at Kuwait City's maternity hospital who died after Iraqi soldiers stole their incubators and left the infants on the floor, ' and of ' babies pulled from incubators and scattered like firewood across the floor.

71. EMPORIUM: A & E / Biography / History Channel EMPORIUM A E / Biography / history Channel. Emporium gulf war The Radical Academy Recommends Desert Storm The Ultimate war. The http://radicalacademy.com/emporium200g.htm

EMPORIUM Emporium Directory Main Page AMAZON STORES Magazine Outlet Music Store Video Store DVD Store Consumer Electronics Computer Store Software Store Outlet Store Baby Superstore Outdoor Living Store Gourmet Food Sporting Goods FEATURED STORES Academy Poster Store Academy Sheet Music SHOPPING CENTERS Financial Services Emporium Main Page The History Channel's Online Store Return to The Academy's History Channel Store Main Page Categories in The Academy's Store... Biography Military History American Revolution American Civil War ... Christianity Gulf War: The Radical Academy Recommends... Desert Storm: The Ultimate War The men who ran the show provide the definitive insider's account of a dominating victory that was the spectacular payback of a winner-take-all gamble. One-On-One with David Frost: H. Norman Schwarzkopf: The Man and His Battles

72. K-9 History: The Dogs Of War! And during the bleakest time in the history of the United States, the Civil During the gulf war, at least 1,177 highly trained German Shepherds were use by the http://community.webtv.net/Hahn-50thAP-K9/K9History

K-9 HISTORY: THE DOGS OF WAR! ...Composite History Pages! A Pictorial And Informational Tour Thru The Ages. Featuring Hundreds Of Rare Photographs, From Around The World! SiteBuilder's Note The K-9 History: The Dogs Of War! pages are about the World's Military use of dogs in both war and peace; with a major emphasis on both, the involvement of the United States with canines, from about 1775 during the French Indian Wars to the present; and Britain's seemingly intrinic leadership role with the US Army and US Air Force thru out their military dog history, from WW I to the present. A Special Presentation From Hahn's 50th AP K-9, West Germany WORLD HISTORY OF THE DOGS OF WAR! Featuring The History of The United States and Great Britain's Military Working Dogs Throughout the Ages! From Before Biblical Times To The Present When we go to war, they go to war. Throughout the histories of warfare, from the days of the Egyptians, the Greeks and the Persians and the conquests of the Roman Empire. To the United Nation's Police Action in Korea, the war in Vietnam, the Gulf War, and more recently during the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo. Dogs have undergone active service at the sides of their masters, they have played the role of hero, by showing bravery under fire, saving lives (often by sacrificing their own), and bringing comfort to the injured and infirm.

73. Canada's Airforce - Airfield Engineers, Gulf War Airfield Engineers history. The gulf war. During Canada s Operation in the gulf war, about 4000 service personnel participated in http://www.airforce.forces.ca/airfield_engineers/history/history_5_e.htm

Airfield Engineers - History The Gulf War During Canada's Operation in the Gulf War, about 4000 service personnel participated in the intervention, with a peak of 2,700 personnel in the Persian Gulf region. The Canadian Air Task Group was located in Doha, Quatar with the joint Headquarters, in Manamah, Bahrain. The air force provided combat air patrols, air transport and air-to-air refuelling missions. During the conflict Canadian, CF-18s completed 56 bombing sorties against Iraqi forces. Air force experience during the war and operational evaluations of the era highlighted the need to improve command and control and coordination of ground support personnel and equipment for deployed operations. Support capabilities were combined into ad hoc deployed elements. Coordination across multiple chains-of-command and lines of communication significantly complicated operations. The result of this realization was the development of an air force contingency capability structure. The mission of the contingency capability was to generate deployment forces capable of supporting worldwide air operations and other national commitments. The CC concept assemble modular components into a deployable force package tailored to the requirements of the specific operation.

74. Alibris: History Military Persian Gulf War Used, new outof-print books with subject history Military Persian gulf war. Browse for subject history Military Persian gulf war matched 203 titles. http://www.alibris.com/search/books/subject/History Military Persian Gulf War

You'll find it at Alibris: Over 40 million used, new and hard-to-find books! CART ACCOUNT WISHLIST HELP ... SEARCH search in Books Music: All CD Vinyl Movies: All DVD VHS by title / ISBN by author / artist by subject / genre my email address unsubscribe here your shopping cart order status wish list ... help browse BOOKS Browse for subject " History Military Persian Gulf War " matched 204 titles. Sometimes it pays off to expand your search to view all available copies of books matching your search terms. Page of 9 sort results by Top Selling Title Author Used Price New Price Jarhead: A Marine's Chronicle of the Gulf War and Other Battles more books like this by Swofford, Anthony When the Marines were sent to Saudi Arabia for "Operation Desert Storm, Anthony Swofford was there, with a hundred-pound pack on his shoulders and a sniper's rifle in his hands. Raw, powerful, and emotional, "Jarhead is Swofford's scorching memoir of life on and off the battlefield, and a harrowing yet inspiring portrait of a tormented... buy used: from buy new: from The Commanders more books like this by Woodward, Bob

75. Maine Women Veterans Oral History Project - Gulf War work in oral history, students will gain an understanding of the contributions made by Maine women who served in the military during the Vietnam and gulf wars. http://dll.umaine.edu/mainestudy/women_vets/gulf.html

World War II Veterans Korean War Veterans Vietnam War Veterans Gulf War Veterans ... Home Gulf War Women Veteran Interviews: This page will be constructed in the end of the fall semester 2001. WST201: Women and War - Fall 2001 Course Registration University of Maine

76. Persian Gulf War - Liberty - Themepark Military history Persian gulf war http//www.skalman.nu/history/persiangulf.htm Travel to the Persian gulf which is part of the Arabian Sea and learn about http://www.uen.org/themepark/html/liberty/gulfwar.html

United States Symbols of Liberty United States Colonial History United States Historical Documents United States Historical Places ... Capital Cities Persian Gulf War In August of 1990, the country of Iraq, under the direction of its president, Saddam Hussein, invaded its neighboring country of Kuwait. Iraqi troops took control of the capital of Kuwait, Kuwait City and also took control of Kuwait's rich oil fields. The UN Security Council, over a period of five months, called for Sadaam Hussein to remove his troops. When he did not, a coalition of 32 nations which included the United States launched an attack upon Iraq. The conflict lasted from January 16, 1991 to the end of February 1991, and Kuwait was liberated. Sample some of the following activities to learn more about the Persian Gulf War. Places To Go People To See Things To Do Bibliography Places To Go The following are places to go (some real and some virtual) to find out about the Persian Gulf War. CIA World Factbook - Iraq http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/iz.html

77. Detailed History - The Gulf War 1991 Home, Main Menu. The gulf war 1991. http://www.qdg.org.uk/maintext/gulfwar.htm

Main Menu Home Donations Museum Shop Short History Detailed History Uniform Decorations Armourment Museum Info Reg. Association Website Sponsors OCA Members Research Music Colonels Lottery Info Search Site How to Enlist Contact Links Site A to Z Personal Diaries News Lottery Results Guestbook Image Share Free Stuff Tell a friend The Gulf War 1991 Select Battle Blenheim Ramillies as above Oudenarde as above Malplaquet as above Dettingen Warburg Beaumont Willems as above Waterloo Sevastopol Lucknow China 1860 South Africa 1879 South Africa 1899 - 1902 Mons Le Cateau Marne 1914 Messines 1914 Ypres 1914 - 15 Somme 1915 - 18 Morval Scarpe 1917 Cambrai 1917 - 18 Amiens Pursuit to Mons France-Flanders 1914 - 18 Afghanistan 1919 Somme 1940 Beda Fomm Defence of Tobruk Gazala Defence of Alamein Line El Alamein Advance on Tripoli Tebaga Gap El Hamma Tunis North Africa 1941 - 43 Monte Camino Gothic Line Coriano Lamone Crossing Rimini Line Argenta Gap Italy 1943 - 45 Gulf 1991 Op Telic 2003 A Sqn in the Gulf QDG Attachment to 16th/5th Lancers 'A' Squadron's vehicles and equipment were loaded on to the Mercandian Queen at Bremerhaven on 27 September 1990. This vessel was described as 'a real rust bucket, which was to break down on many occasions, and thus arrive late in Saudi Arabia'. On 16 October the main body of 'A' Squadron flew out to the Gulf and was initially billeted with the US Marine Corps Reconnaissance Forces in a camp to the north of the port of Al Jubail. For the next ten days the men acclimatised to desert conditions. The vehicles finally arrived on 26 October and 'A' Squadron deployed into the desert on the 29th.

78. Simonsays.com > SimonSays > History > Military / Persian Gulf War SimonSays history Military / Persian gulf war, About this subcategory. history Military / Persian gulf war. history Military / Persian gulf war Titles. http://www.simonsays.com/content/content.cfm?sid=33&pid=370149

79. Simonsays.com > SimonSaysShop > History > Military / Persian Gulf War SimonSaysShop history Military / Persian gulf war, About this subcategory. history Military / Persian gulf war. history Military / Persian gulf war Titles. http://www.simonsays.com/content/content.cfm?sid=358&pid=370149

80. Facts On File, Inc. Persian gulf war is a great reference for students, teachers, war historians, war history enthusiasts, and anyone interested in modern US history. http://www.factsonfile.com/newfacts/FactsDetail.asp?SIDText=0816049424&PageValue

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