21. Project Liberty - English - Teacher Resource- Cultural Background - Somalia agriculture is conducted by the gosha or Oromo However, the indigenous population is nomadic or traditional of women s rights, and educating people about the http://www.baldwin.k12.pa.us/liberty/english/teacher/culturesom.htm

Click Teacher Resource Button to return to the Teacher Resource Main Page Top Top Top Top ... Top Cultural Background - Somalia Official Name: Somali Democratic Republic Capital: Mogadishu Population: Official Language: Somali Type of Government: Republic Total Area: 637,700 sq. km (246,200 sq. mi) History Geography Climate Education ... Suggested Reading History From the 7th to the 10th century, Arab and Persian trading posts were established along the coast of present-day Somalia. Nomadic tribes occupied the interior, occasionally pushing into Ethiopian territory. In the 16th century, Turkish rule extended to the northern coast and the Sultans of Zanzibar gained control in the south. After British occupation of Aden in 1839, the Somali coast became its source of food. The French established a coal mining station in 1862 at the site of Djibouti and the Italians planted a settlement in Eritrea. Egypt, which for a time claimed Turkish rights in the area, was succeeded by Britain. By 1920, a British protectorate and an Italian protectorate occupied what is now Somalia. The British ruled the entire area after 1941, with Italy returning in 1950 to serve as United Nations trustee for its former territory.

22. 1990 University Of Minnesota Human Rights Center International Internships Mansfield Fellow) Working Group on indigenous Populations Sub Amitava Kumar People s Union for Civil Liberties Malgorzata (gosha) I. Wegrzyn Minnesota Lawyers http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/links/fellowship/allfellowships.html

University of Minnesota Human Rights Center International Fellowships/Internships Amalia Anderson (Mansfield Fellow) Geneva, Switzerland Katherine Anderson U.N. Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection Human Rights Geneva, Switzerland David Campana Centro de Derechos Laborales at the Resource Center of the Americas Minneapolis, MN Christina Clusiau (Laura Musser Fellow) Maryknoll Missions Chiangmai, Thailand Peter Ehresmann (Laura Musser Fellow) Chemchemi Ya Ukweli Nairobi, Kenya Sonia Farber Minnesota Advocates for Human Rights Minneapolis, MN Jennifer Fischer (Mansfield Fellow) Midwest Center of Justice Evanston, Illinois Eric Gottwald Oxfam Oxford, United Kingdom Joel Grostephan Chiapas Media Project Chiapas, Mexico Thomas Hauth (Laura Musser Fellow) El Centro de la Nina Trabajadora Quito, Ecuador

23. Non State Armed Actors REGION & COUNTRY SURVEY (as Of Feb 2000) Muki Somali African Organisation Wa gosha group of Bantu Nuba Mountain indigenous groups (northern allies to Saharawi People’s Liberation Army http://www.icbl.org/wg/nsa/library/nsasurvey.html

Home Campaign Information Working Groups Non-State Actors Non State Armed Actors Africa Americas Asia (including Middle East) Europe February 2000 For reference only. This document has been updated in early 2000 where data was available and sources accessible. Work-in-progress. In need of further search, research and selection. It may be incomplete and contain errors of fact. Related information and comments are welcome at the following address: International Alert c/o IA, 1 Glyn Street LONDON SE11 5HT, UK Februrary 2000 INTRODUCTION Therefore, for purposes of study and action, a programme on NSAs has been positioned in the ICBL under the responsibility of its NSAs Working Group. At this point it comprises a global research and monitoring effort and front-line fieldwork in conflict countries in all continents. The purpose is to appeal to NSAs - through dialogue, discussion and persuasion - for a renunciation of the use of antipersonnel landmines as a means of warfare and a contribution to demining, victim assistance and community reconstruction efforts. One of the first things the programme must do is conduct a full and credible mapping of NSAs in the world today, by region and country. The following Survey gives an indication of the size and complexity of the NSA problem. This document was compiled by the NSA Database of the Non State Actors Working Group of the ICBL. It reflects the situation in the world into the year 2000.

24. :-Latest News - Republic Of Botswana to various liberation movements and indigenous African militaries. for conscientious effort to train people to take with shows such as gosha Mabapi, Morethetho http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20031006

25. Somaliuk Your Portal For News, Chat Rooms, Culture, Music, And Forums group descended from slaves, while gosha literally translates are more Negroid than the indigenous Somali, they Yassin and great number of people welcomed the http://somaliuk.com/News/archive.php?month=6&year=2002

26. NATIONS OF THE OLD WORLD ************** * EUROPE Somali tribes Digil -Rahanwiin -gosha -Jiddu -Tunni Chinese (15%) see CHINA indigenous (6%) Cambodia Chinese see CHINA China, People s Republic of http://landru.i-link-2.net/jtrees/text/Nations_of_old-world.txt

Tofin Toli Urhobo //Waama// (Yoabu) Waci Xweda Xwela Yoba //Yoruba// [Anago and Nago] [current count: 51] Botswana Batswana (95%) Kalanga Basarwa Kgalagadi Burkina Faso Mossi Gurunsi Senufo Lobi Bobo Mande Fulani Burundi - Hutu (Bantu) Tutsi (Hamitic) Twa (Pygmy) Cameroon Cameroon Highlanders Equatorial Bantu Kirdi //Fulani// Northwestern Bantu Eastern Nigritic Cape Verde Creole (Cape Verde mulatto) (71%) [mixed African] (28%) Central African Republic [over 80 ethnic groups] Maubere Chinese [see CHINA] India - [Est. population: 1,014,003,817 ] Indo-Aryan (72%) (northern India) [speakers of Sanskrit (classical) ] [speakers of Pali, Prakrit, and *Apabhramsha] [speakers of Assamese] [speakers of Bengali] [speakers of Gujarati] [speakers of Hindi] [speakers of Kashmiri] [speakers of Konkani] [speakers of Marathi] [speakers of Nepali] [speakers of Oriya] [speakers of Punjabi] [speakers of Rajasthani] [speakers of Sindhi] Dravidian (southern India) (25%) [speakers of Tamil] Tamil Nadu [speakers of Telugu] Andhra Pradesh [speakers of Kannada (Canarese)] Karnataka [speakers of Malayam] Kerala Indonesia - Malay Chinese [see CHINA] [Borneo] [Irian Jaya (West Papua) ]

27. ReliefWeb: Internally Displaced Persons: Combined Report On Somalia and practice some subsistence farming in the gosha area in A more specific indigenous terminology has been developed by The problem is that when people are not http://wwww.reliefweb.int/w/rwb.nsf/0/6418B7C74BC1A57DC1256C0C0044AC89?OpenDocum

28. Magazine-link3 indigenous Somalis sometimes refer to the Bantu people as Aduns Mushunguli describes a social group descended from slaves, while gosha literally translates http://www.thediasporamagazine.com/magazine-links/magazine-link3.html

THE DIASP RA Back to Magazine Page FOR THE RECORDS Somali Bantu: Another African Nation, Lost or Saved? By Philip Ngunjiri Yet 'another' African 'dark chapter' is being recorded, and no one has dared raise a finger. How come an African home-grown solution was never expounded. If the US so much loved these Africans, how come the organisers never came up with an African solution? Africa is loosing a whole tribe/nation to the western world, courtesy of a new resettlement program that is going on at a Kenyan refugee camp. Already, the first batch of 300 of the 12,000 Somali Bantu have left the Kakuma refugee camp in northern Kenya for various cities in the US. And as yet 'another' African 'dark chapter' is being recorded, no one has dared raise a finger. Surprisingly (or as was expected) at the recent meeting of African heads of state in Maputo, Mozambique, the issue was nowhere in the African Union's agenda. Actually non explored the subject in their grandiose speeches on democracy, development, sovereignty, etc. According to UNHCR, the United Nations Agency charged with refugees, the tribe has suffered discrimination back home and at the refugee camps from their fellow countrymen over years because of their Negroid features. The lack of a protection system even caused problems for the Bantus housed with other Somali refugees in Kenya.

29. RocketNews lack of political savvy are damaging the indigenous cause. X, COA, RCL, HURC, TRGL, EAR, CBUK, gosha, INTU, PRU we have many strengths our people our journalism http://www.rocketnews.com/rocket/jsp/NewsSearch.jsp?searchWords=it leadership

30. LEPROSY AND VACCINATION By WILLIAM TEBB (Complete) THE RECRUDESCENCE OF LEPROSY AND ITS CAUSATION BY WILLIAM TEBB. LONDON. SWAN SONNENSCHEIN CO. 1893. PREFACE. CHAPTER 1 THE INCREASE IN LEPROSY SPAIN THE UNITED KINGDOM SOUTH africa INDIA BURMA http://www.whale.to/v/tebb/complete.html

LEPROSY AND VACCINATIO N WILLIAM TEBB THE RECRUDESCENCE OF LEPROSY AND ITS CAUSATION BY WILLIAM TEBB LONDON PREFACE CHAPTER 1: THE INCREASE IN LEPROSY RUSSIA BOKHARA NORWAY ICELAND THE WEST INDIES JAPAN THE GRECIAN ARCHIPELAGO, TURKEY, AND SYRIA EGYPT THE UNITED STATES THE SANDWICH ISLANDS VISIT TO KALIHI THE MAURITIUS MADAGASCAR CANADA UNITED STATES OF COLOMBIA BRITISH GUIANA DUTCH GUIANA VENEZUELA AUSTRALASIA OCEANA NEW CALEDONIA FRANCE SPAIN THE UNITED KINGDOM SOUTH AFRICA INDIA BURMA CEYLON, TONQUIN CHAPTER 2: LEPROSY CONTAGIOUS? CHAPTER 3: LEPROSY COMMUNICABLE BY INOCULATION INDIA SOUTH AFRICA THE INOCULATION OF THE CONVICT KEANU LEPROSY COMMUNICATED BY INSECTS CHAPTER 4: VACCINATION WITH REFERENCE TO LEPROSY THE WEST INDIES. SANDWICH ISLANDS. BRITISH GUIANA. UNITED STATES. BRITISH INDIA. CHAPTER 5: LEPROSY AND RE-VACCINATION CHAPTER 6: OTHER ALLEGED CAUSES OF LEPROSY CHAPTER 7: INADEQUACY OF MEDICAL THEORIES OF CAUSATION. CHAPTER 8: LEPROSY AND VACCINATION AT THE INTERNATIONAL HYGIENIC CONGRESS ... CHAPTER 10: OFFICIAL STATISTICS THE LEPER CENSUS IN THE LEEWARD ISLANDS, WEST INDIES, 1891. CHAPTER 11: LEPROSY AND THE ABORIGINAL RACES CHAPTER 12: VACCINAL DISEASES IN SOUTH AFRICA CHAPTER 13: A VISIT TO THE LAZARETTO, ROBBEN ISLAND, SOUTH AFRICA

31. Ars Libri, Ltd. ars libri ltd. rare and scholarly books on the fine arts. The Library of Professor Dr. Karl Jettmar Cultures of the Karakorum Highway Eurasia, and Their Relationship with Adjacent Civilizations . http://www.arslibri.com/jettmar.htm

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