1. California's Natural Resources: A Brief History Of The Gold Rush The California gold rush. In January of 1848, James Marshall had a work crew camped on the american River at Coloma near Sacramento. The crew was building a saw mill for John Sutter. http://ceres.ca.gov/ceres/calweb/geology/goldrush.html

The California Gold Rush In January of 1848, James Marshall had a work crew camped on the American River at Coloma near Sacramento. The crew was building a saw mill for John Sutter. On the cold, clear morning of January 24, Marshall found a few tiny gold nuggets. Thus began one of the largest human migrations in history as a half-million people from around the world descended upon California in search of instant wealth. The first printed notice of the discovery was in the March 15 issue of "The Californian" in San Francisco. Shortly after Marshall's discovery, General John Bidwell discovered gold in the Feather River and Major Pearson B. Reading found gold in the Trinity River. The Gold Rush was soon in full sway. In 1849, quartz mining began at the Mariposa mine in Mariposa County. Gold deposits were often found inside quartz veins. In 1850, California became a state. Also that year, gold-bearing quartz was found at Gold Hill in Grass Valley. This led to the development of the great underground mines in that district and a major industry the continued for more than 100 years. In 1851, Gold was discovered in Greenhorn Creek, Kern County. This discovery led to the rush to the upper Kern River region. By 1852, California's annual gold production reach a then all-time high of $81 million.

2. San Francisco History By Subject - Museum Of The City Of San Francisco 1849 California gold rush. history of the San history of San Francisco gold rushera Street Names, by Henry C. Carlisle. From the Diary of Alvin Coffey, African american http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist1/index0.1.html

search index by subject by year ... contact Select a Major Online Exhibit 1849 California Gold Rush History of the San Francisco Fire Department Great Earthquake and Fire of 1906 1906 Earthquake Photographs San Franciscans Survive Titanic Sinking Construction of the Golden Gate and Bay Bridges 1989 San Francisco Earthquake Chronology of San Francisco World War II Events Chronology of San Francisco Rock 1965-1969 History by Subject Early History of California Schools by Will C. Wood Panama- Treasure Island Fair Closes, by David A. Banks San Francisco - Fire Department Map of the May 1851 Great Fire Eyewitness to the Sixth Great Fire of June 1851 Biography of Lillie Hitchcock-Coit Evolution of the Department 1866-1918 ... CNN Video of the Oakland Firestorm San Francisco - Genealogy California Genealogy Resources Online Surname Databases Story of the Ted Samuel Family San Francisco Genealogy San Francisco - General by Gladys Hansen Cal. Historical Soc. Overview of San Francisco History 1776-1906 Bill Roddy's American Hurrah San Francisco site by William C. Sharpsteen History of Pioneer Street Names,

3. U.S. History Lesson Plans The Colonies and Independence (3rd) Peg's american history Unit Colonies. When Travelers Meet Lesson Plan/Simulation See Also Native american lesson plans. gold rush. Lesson Plans http://members.aol.com/MrDonnHistory/American.html

Mr Donn's U.S. History Other 20th Century The Fifty States Native Americans Primary Documents ... Big Bunch of Links Lesson Plans for Children's Books: A-Z list Mr Donn's Site Index Didn't find what you needed? Try this! Have a great year! authored by us for US History FAQs about our site and use of our original material Awards We've Won! Harlem Renaissance/ Poetry of Langston Hughes (3-4 days) Mrs Donn's US History Special Sections Pacific Northwest Coastal Indian Tribes Visit the 1962 Seattle World's Fair US Holidays Back of the Bus (coming soon) Native Americans See Also: Trail of Tears Native American Literature Native American Holiday UNITS (Donn) Native American Theme Unit ... Negotiating Treaties (Simulation) (Juneau HS) The Trial of Standing Bear Native American Studies (5-7, CK) Core Knowledge: Native American Units Native Americans UNITS Native American Culture (Unit) Native American Populations (daily life, culture, more) ... Everglades: Resources for Teachers Mr Donn's Lesson Idea: Role Play You are a European, encountering a Native American for the first time.

4. Colorado Historic Sites - Gold Mines Information on a tour focusing on the gold rush history in Colorado. http://www.web-xpres.com/stcfgeagles.htm

Colorado Driving Tours Scenic Golden Loop Historic Parkway Cripple Creek and Victor, Colorado Visit the American Eagles Scenic Overlook... O n of the most impressive views of the mining district, backdropped by the Continental Divide, is from atop the American Eagles Overlook. The American Eagles mine and surrounding area have been restored by the Cripple Creek/Victor Gold Mining Co. Winfield Scott Stratton bought the Eagles in 1895. The American Eagles shaft was the deepest in the district at over 1,540 feet. It was, and still is the highest mine in the district at 10,570 feet. From the overlook you can see most of the CC/V mining operation, Goldfield and Independence as well as Collegiate Mountains. T Visitors are advised to bring warm clothing for the visit to the overlook as a cool breeze often blows through the overlook, even on warm summer days. Y ou might also consider the following: The Mollie Kathleen Gold Mine offers historic underground mine tours as well as tours of the modern surface mine and ghost walk tours are offered in Cripple Creek. Walking tours of Victor are available at Victor businesses.

5. Chinese American History Timeline Timeline covers the major events in Chineseamerican history from the California gold rush of 1848 to the Immigration Reform Act of 1995. http://online.sfsu.edu/~ericmar/catimeline.html

Chinese American History Timeline Gold discovered at Sutter's Mill, California Sutter's Mill 195 Chinese Contract Laborers land in Hawaii People v. Hall rules that Chinese cannot give testimony in court Chinese Consolidated Benevolant Association, the Chinese 6 Companies, formed California passes a "police tax" of $2.50 a month on every Chinese Central Pacific Railroad Co. recruits Chinese workers for the first transcontinental railroad 2,000 Chinese railroad workers stage a one week strike Burlingame-Seward Treaty First transcontinental railroad completed Transcontinental Railroad California passes a law against the importation of Chinese, Japanese, and "Mongolian" women for the purpose of prostitution Los Angeles, CA: anti-Chinese violence Page Law Chico, CA: anti-Chinese violence In re Ah Yup rules Chinese ineligible for naturalized citizenship US and China sign treaty giving the US the right to limit but "not absolutely prohibit" Chinese immigration California's Civil Code passes anti-miscegination law 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act Rock Springs Wyoming Anti-Chinese Violence Yick Wo v. Hopkins

6. Today In History: January 24 construction of a sawmill on the american River Brown, California gold; An AuthenticHistory of the The gold rush began in earnest only after President James http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jan24.html

The Library of Congress Gold! On January 24 , 1848, James W. Marshall discovered gold on the property of Johann A. Sutter near Coloma, California. A builder, Marshall was overseeing construction of a sawmill on the American River. John Stone With Gold Mining Pan circa 1939. California Gold: Folk Music from the Thirties, 1938-1940 "Just when we had got partly to work . . . Mr. Marshall with his old wool hat in hand . . . exclaimed, 'Boys, I have got her now,'" James S. Brown recalled: I . . . jumped from the pit and stepped to him, and on looking in his hat discovered say ten or twelve pieces of small scales of what proved to be gold. I picked up the largest piece, worth about fifty cents, and tested it with my teeth, and as it did not give, I held it aloft and exclaimed, "gold, boys, gold!" At that they all dropped their tools and gathered around. James Stephens Brown, California Gold; An Authentic History of the First Find page 120 California As I Saw It: First-Person Narratives, 1849-1900 Previous claims of gold in California had proven disappointing, and Marshall's find was met with skepticism at first. The "gold rush" began in earnest only after President James Polk endorsed the discovery in December 1848. Prospectors heading to California the following year were dubbed "forty-niners."

7. GOLD RUSH HISTORY gold rush history. GENERAL. Welcome to the gold rush. gold rush history Alliance. gold Fever The Great american gold rush / Recreation of a placer miner http://www.malakoff.com/gorh.htm

GOLD RUSH HISTORY GENERAL Welcome to the Gold Rush Gold Rush History Alliance Gold Fever - The Oakland Museum of California's Gold Rush site The Bear Flag Revolt A Brief History of California's Gold by Timothy McNulty California as I Saw It - First-Person Narratives of California 1849-1900 The California Gold Rush The California Gold Rush California Gold Rush Chronology 1846-1849 California Gold Rush Chronology 1850-1851 ... The Gold Rush - a complete compendium on the great rush for gold The Gold Rush Diary of William P. Huff Rambles in California A Rush to the Gold Washings Welcome to the West - The PBS site SPECIFIC Discovery: Eyewitness to the Gold Discovery - 1848 Thomas Larkin Writes of the Gold Discovery - 1848 William T. Sherman and the Discovery of Gold Governor Mason's Report on the Discovery of Gold ... The Discovery of Gold In California as Viewed by New York and London Locales: Death Valley - Includes Gold Rush era information History of Dutch Flat: A Sketch by Russell Towle The Californian Gold District - Kanaha Bar San Francisco During the Gold Rush San Francisco's Gold Rush Trail Tour MISCELLANEOUS The Gold Rush History Alliance A Gold Rush Poem by Thomas Hood Gold Rush Stories from Pioneer Women The Gold Rush and Anti-Chinese Race Hatred ... No Place for a Woman? by Patricia Cronin Marcello

8. PBS | History | United States House Crucible of Empire The Spanishamerican War Death of Century Frank Lloyd WrightFreedom A history of US Blood Goin to Chicago The gold rush The Good http://www.pbs.org/history/history_united.html

Wednesday, June 9, 2004 by topic... History PBS Program and Series Sites African American World Africans in America American Experience Alone on the Ice ... Ancestors in the Americas Learn about specific moments and events that shaped Asian American history. Ancient World Biographies United States World ... History for the Classroom Teachers, find hundreds of lessons and activities all correlated to state curriculum standards. Now and Then Compare today's life with the 1700s in this Liberty's Kids feature. About PBS About this Site Support PBS Producing for PBS ... History

9. California Gold Rush - Gold Rush Of 1849 the gold rush Learn about the history behind the experience between the time of thegold rush and turn through the Library of Congress american Memory Project http://americanhistory.about.com/cs/goldrush/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About History American History States and Territories ... American West Gold Rush Home Essentials 13 Original Colonies Timelines ... The Presidents of the United States zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); American Culture Wars and Diplomacy Historical Figures Government and Politics ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About American History newsletter. Search American History California Gold Rush Learn about the people, places and events of the California Gold Rush Alphabetical Recent Up a category Going to California: 49ers and the Gold Rush Learn about the history behind the Gold Rush along with what actually happened to John Sutter. California As I Saw It: First Person Narratives These narratives from 1849-1900 give eyewitness accounts about the pioneer experience between the time of the Gold Rush and turn of the twentieth century. The text of these 190 documents is available online through the Library of Congress' American Memory Project. California Gold Mining Terms In 1876, Charles B. Turrill wrote about the terms and practices in use by gold miners in California. Very interesting reading for historians and genealogists alike.

10. The Klondike Gold Rush: Curriculum Materials For The History Of The Pacific Nort The Klondike gold rush Curriculum Materials for the history of the Pacific Northwest in the Washington Marks, Paula Mitchell, Precious Dust The american gold rush Era, 18481900 http://www.washington.edu/uwired/outreach/cspn/curklon/main.html

The Klondike Gold Rush: Curriculum Materials for the History of the Pacific Northwest in the Washington Public Schools The Klondike Gold Rush: Curriculum Materials for the History of the Pacific Northwest in the Washington Public Schools Kathryn Morse, University of Washington Department of History Content I. INTRODUCTION II. HISTORICAL CONTEXT III. THEMES TO GUIDE DISCUSSION AND WORK IV. RELATED MATERIALS/OUTSIDE THE CLASSROOM ... VIII. BIBLIOGRAPHY (GENERAL SOURCES ON THE KLONDIKE AND SEATTLE, INCLUDING PHOTOGRAPH CREDITS) IX. SOURCES AND CONCORDANCE TO THE DOCUMENTS INDEX LISTING OF SOURCE MATERIAL I. Introduction II. Historical Context Seattle's prospects promised to rise, however, with the completion of a second railroad line, the Great Northern, from St. Paul to Seattle, in 1893. The completion of this second line, however, coincided with a severe economic panic, followed by a severe depression that lasted until 1897. At the moment that the railroad promised to open more and distant markets for Northwest timber, fish, and wheat, the national economy bottomed out. Unemployment soared in the Northwest, and around the country. Banks closed, and businesses failed. Even this increasing gold-related trade did not promise Seattle anything in the way of a basis for sustained economic growth. In 1890, Seattle had a population of about 42,000 people. The city's economy had diversified in the 1870s and 1880s to include not only a small gold mining segment, but also coal mining, farming, wheat and fruit shipments, small manufacturing, dairy production, and a fishing industry that had moved north to include halibut and salmon fisheries in Alaska. But the timber industry, including a crucial shingle-production sector, remained the mainstay of the Washington, and the Seattle, economy.

11. Going To California: 49ers And The Gold Rush However, the impact of the gold rush on american history cannot be overestimated.The gold rush reinforced the idea of Manifest Destiny. http://americanhistory.about.com/library/weekly/aa090901a.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About History American History Home ... The Presidents of the United States zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); American Culture Wars and Diplomacy Historical Figures Government and Politics ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About American History newsletter. Search American History Going to California 49ers and the Gold Rush Join the Discussion "What do you think was the most important (positive or negative) contribution of the Gold Rush on American History?" Weigh In With Your Vote Related Resources California Gold Rush Westward Expansion From Other Guides Western Gold Rush Elsewhere on the Web Gold Rush! The Discovery of Gold in California James Marshall found gold while working for John Sutter The first lucky arrivals were able to find nuggets of gold in the streambeds. These people made quick fortunes. It was a unique time in history where individuals with literally nothing to their name could become extremely wealthy. The gold was free for whoever was lucky enough to find it. It is no surprise that gold fever hit so heavily. Yet the majority of those who made the trek out West were not so lucky. The individuals who became the richest were in fact not these early miners but were instead entrepreneurs who created businesses to support all of the prospectors. It is easy to think of all the essentials this mass of humanity would need in order to live. Businesses sprang up to meet their needs. Some of these businesses are still around today including Levi Strauss and Wells Fargo.

12. Gold Rush History Links Miscellaneous African american Rights During the gold rush The Bear Flag Republic We are Republicans The Bear Flag Revolt - California history The Bear Flag http://malakoff.com/goldcountry/history.htm

Gold Rush History Links The Discovery of Gold - I Believe I've Found a Gold Mine The Way West - Pioneer Routes to California The Gold Rush - General and Comprehensive Information Locales in the Gold Fields - Specific Towns or Places Gold Rush Players - Biographies of Notable Folk Miners' Correspondence - Letters and Diaries Gold Rush Fiction - Tales/Anecdotes From or About the Gold Rush Historical Societies - Digging into California's Past Gold Rush Genealogy - A Miner in your Family Tree? E Clampus Vitus - Credo Quia Absurdum The Donner Party - Tragedy in the High Sierra Miscellaneous - A Gold Rush Catch-All The Discovery of Gold California Gold - An Authentic History of the First Find General William T. Sherman's Memoirs - Gold Fields, Mormons and the News The Dramatic Impact of the Gold Discovery - History of California, 1897 The Discovery of Gold in California - by James W. Marshall The Discovery of Gold in California - by Capt. John Sutter The Discovery of Gold In California - as Viewed by New York and London The First Official Report of the Discovery of Gold in California - Colonel Mason Thomas Larkin's Letters - Of the Gold Discovery The Way West General California Gold - Routes to California By Land California National Historic Trail Brochure - Ho for California!

13. Gold Rush History Links gold rush history Links. The Discovery of gold African american Rights During the gold rush. The Bear Flag Republic http://www.malakoff.com/goldcountry/history.htm

Gold Rush History Links The Discovery of Gold - I Believe I've Found a Gold Mine The Way West - Pioneer Routes to California The Gold Rush - General and Comprehensive Information Locales in the Gold Fields - Specific Towns or Places Gold Rush Players - Biographies of Notable Folk Miners' Correspondence - Letters and Diaries Gold Rush Fiction - Tales/Anecdotes From or About the Gold Rush Historical Societies - Digging into California's Past Gold Rush Genealogy - A Miner in your Family Tree? E Clampus Vitus - Credo Quia Absurdum The Donner Party - Tragedy in the High Sierra Miscellaneous - A Gold Rush Catch-All The Discovery of Gold California Gold - An Authentic History of the First Find General William T. Sherman's Memoirs - Gold Fields, Mormons and the News The Dramatic Impact of the Gold Discovery - History of California, 1897 The Discovery of Gold in California - by James W. Marshall The Discovery of Gold in California - by Capt. John Sutter The Discovery of Gold In California - as Viewed by New York and London The First Official Report of the Discovery of Gold in California - Colonel Mason Thomas Larkin's Letters - Of the Gold Discovery The Way West General California Gold - Routes to California By Land California National Historic Trail Brochure - Ho for California!

14. Gold Rush Book Store: Gold Rush History $23.75 California gold rush Search for Treasure by Catherine E. Chambers PB, 32pages, (Out of stock) The California gold rush in american history by Linda http://malakoff.com/bscat4.htm

GOLD RUSH HISTORY After the Gold Rush: Society in Grass Valley and Nevada City, California, 1849-1870 by Ralph Mann HC, 302 pages. Amazon.com price: $51.00 Along the Gold Rush Trail by Gail Wilson Kenna PB, Amazon.com Price: $4.50 + $2.35 special surcharge Art of the Gold Rush by Janice Tolhurst Driesbach HC, 168 pages, Amazon.com Price: $50.00 The Bandit Joaquin; An Orphaned Mexican's Search for the California Gold Rush by Don Gwaltney HC, 196 pages, Amazon.com Price: $14.95 Blacks in Gold Rush California by Rudolph M. Lapp, Richard M. Lapp PB, List Price: $16.95, Amazon.com Price: $15.25 The Buckeye Rovers in the Gold Rush : An Edition of Two Diaries by H. Lee Scamehorn (Editor), Edwin P. Banks, Jamie Lytle-Webb (Editor) PB, 265 pages, Amazon.com Price: $13.95 The California Gold Rush by May McNeer PB, 147 pages, Out of Print, available used in Z-Shops The California Gold Rush : A Guide to the California Gold Rush by Eugene R. Hart PB, Amazon.com Price: $14.95 The California Gold Rush (Cornerstones of Freedom) by Richard Conrad Stein PB, 32 pages, List Price: $5.95—Amazon.com Price: $5.35

15. The Overland Trail--Trails To The Gold Rush (Last Updated 6/09/02) farmlands of California during the 1840 s and 1859 s, the greatest mass migrationin american history. The Days of 49 A Song of the gold rush; The Discovery of http://www.over-land.com/trgold.html

Trails To The Gold Rush To California... Map of the California Mining Camps A great, easy to read, fast loading map of the mining camps along Highway 49. All About The Gold Rush The PBS web site: good information All About Gold Includes the History of Gold, Gold Standards, Uses for Gold, Fool's Gold, Gold Fever, and much more! Art of the Gold Rush This is a virtual tour of a real exhibition at the Oakland Museum of California, jointly organized with the Crocker Art Museum. Bodie State Historic Park: A Real Ghost Town in California California Gold: An Authentic History of the First Find Written in 1894 by a worker employed at Sutter's Mill California Gold Rush includes a chronology of events surrounding the discovery of gold California Gold Rush A nice history The California National Historic Trail This trail carried over 200,000 gold-seekers and farmers to the gold fields and rich farmlands of California during the 1840's and 1859's, the greatest mass migration in American history. The Days of '49 A Song of the Gold Rush The Discovery of Gold Written by General John A. Sutter

16. Asian-American History Asianamerican history. After the California gold rush brought thousands of Chineseto California, however, Asian immigrants faced restrictive laws and http://www.infoplease.com/spot/immigration1.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Father's Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips Asian-American History From Chinese laborers in the 1800s to millions of U.S. citizens today by David Johnson When they first arrived in the United States, Asian (usually Chinese) immigrants were welcomed, or at least tolerated. After the California gold rush brought thousands of Chinese to California, however, Asian immigrants faced restrictive laws and occasional violence. In the late 1800s Chinese, and eventually other Asians, were excluded from citizenship . These laws were repealed during World War II , followed by further immigration-law changes, making it easier for Asians to enter the United States. Today, Asian immigrants have a high rate of assimilation and participation in the American mosaic. Gold Rush Boom The Chinese were the first Asians to arrive in large numbers. By the 1830s Chinese were selling goods in New York City and toiling in Hawaiian sugarcane fields.

17. Asian-American History Timeline Heritage Month. Timeline Asianamerican history Asian immigration to America, 1600sto Top. 1848, California gold rush attracts Chinese prospectors. http://www.infoplease.com/spot/asiantimeline1.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Father's Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips Timeline: Asian-American History Asian immigration to America, 1600s to the present by David Johnson Next: Late 1800s Spanish bring Chinese and Filipinos to Mexico. Top Filipinos desert Spanish ship in New Orleans, establish first Filipino community in U.S. in Louisiana bayou. Top Chinese laborers brought to work in Hawaiian sugar cane fields. Chinese peddlers recorded in New York City. Top California gold rush attracts Chinese prospectors. Top California imposes tax on foreign miners, targeting Chinese. Top Presbyterian mission begins working with Chinese in San Francisco. Top Chinese in Hawaii begin to organize. In The People v. Hall , California Supreme Court rules that a Chinese man could not give testimony in court since Chinese were "inferior, and . . . incapable of progress or intellectual development beyond a certain point . . ." Yung Wing graduates from Yale University, becomes first Chinese to graduate from a U.S. college. Commodore Perry signs first commercial treaty with Japan since 1638.

18. Idaho Mining Association : History one of the largest migrations in american history, and it It s a history of goldendreams and silver The Idaho gold rush also attracted merchants who set up a http://www.idahomining.org/history.html

"Golden Dreams and Silver Linings" A History of Mining in Idaho In the Fall of 1860, a party of ten prospectors led by Captain E.D. Pierce entered the Nez Perce Reservation in search of mineral wealth. After a month of frustration, one of the men, Wilbur Bassett, found what he'd been looking for. Gold! Bassett's discovery along Canal Gulch was far more significant than the Pierce party could have ever imagined. It was destined to set off one of the largest migrations in American history, and it would change forever this part of the country that would become known as Idaho. Mining became Idaho's first industry. Even today, more than 130 years after the discovery of gold, mining remains a keystone of the Idaho economy. Mining in Idaho has shaped the state's political boundaries, built cities, and supplied the nation with minerals necessary for today's modern lifestyle which many of us take for granted. The history of mining in Idaho is as colorful as the metal that first drew thousands of fortune seekers to the Gem State. It's a history of golden dreams and silver linings. Six months after Wilbur Bassett's discovery of gold, 1600 claims had been staked along Canal Gulch, and Pierce City was growing by hundreds of fortune seekers a day. They came from Sacramento, San Francisco, and Vancouver. Their migration up the Columbia and Snake Rivers caused Idaho to be one of only two states to be settled west to east.

19. Dahlonega Gold History operated during America s first gold rush, were in produced relatively lowmintagegold coins with the most turbulent conflict in american history, the Civil http://www.dahlonegagold.com/dghist.htm

A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES BRANCH MINT AT DAHLONEGA, GEORGIA By Carl N. Lester Numismatist PREFACE A combination of the discovery of gold in the southeastern United States in the early nineteenth century and the subsequent political machinations resulting from this newfound wealth led to the establishment of United States Branch Mints at Dahlonega, Georgia and Charlotte, North Carolina. Officially mandated to coin "gold only" by a Congressional Act in 1835, the two branch mints soon opened for business, producing their first gold coinage in 1838. These two facilities, long considered to be "sister mints" by numismatists, indeed had a parallel history. Today, their most tangible legacies, the gold coins themselves, are among the most avidly collected in all of American numismatics. This numismatic loyalty stems from the fact that these southern "gold mints" operated during America's first gold rush, were in existence for only a short period (24 calendar years), produced relatively low-mintage gold coins with very distinctive characteristics, and had as a backdrop to their demise the most turbulent conflict in American History, the Civil War. In numismatic terms, what could be more romantic? Dahlonega and Charlotte coins often have a green-gold cast, due to the alloy's high silver content, and are typically weakly struck on irregular planchets. As unappealing as this may sound to the uninitiated, to Dahlonega and Charlotte aficionados these traits give the coins charm and character.

20. The Gold Rush Of California No, it is not easy to ignore such a defining moment in western american history.The gold rush has really never lost its attraction, its excitement. http://wwwlibrary.csustan.edu/bsantos/goldrush/GoldTOC.htm

The Gold Rush of California: A Bibliography of Periodical Articles by Robert LeRoy Santos California State University, Stanislaus Librarian University Archivist blsantos@csustan.edu REVISED EDITION 2002 Alley-Cass Publications 2240 Nordic Way Turlock, CA 95382 for California State University, Stanislaus Library/University Archive Turlock, CA Preface While beginning research on the California Gold Rush for the sesquicentennial, much to my surprise I could not locate a bibliography of any kind that listed periodical articles. Seeing this unfortunate oversight, I set out to compile one of my own and disseminate it to libraries, historical societies, and interested researchers. I have done very lengthy bibliographies in the past and know the rigors of the effort; thus, I was not anxious to begin yet another one. But I too knew that one learns much about the topic while doing the research, and yes, it does provide a certain degree of enjoyment and satisfaction which most sane people don't understand, besides how can anyone turn away from such article titles as "The Grave of Ephraim Brown" or "Goodbye God: We're Going to Bodie!"; how about settlement names such as Happy Camp, Poverty Hill, or Hangtown?; and yes, characters such as Joaquin Murieta, James Marshall, and Sam Brannan? No, it is not easy to ignore such a defining moment in western American history. The Gold Rush has really never lost its attraction, its excitement. It was truly a spectacular event where thousands of men, women, and children swarmed California seeking instant wealth. Think of the logistics, the sheer energy, and certainly the insanity of it all where the discovery of a flake of an earthly element caused humanity to lose control for a moment, pack belongings, and trudge thousands of miles into an unknown future. And to extend that thought further, to me,150 years later, who is attracted by the same adventure, but in a milder form, through its literature. So, with this bibliography, I invite you, my dear reader, to join me, and embark on a treasure hunt of the celebrated and notorious California Gold Rush.

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