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         Gibbon Primates:     more detail
  1. The Gibbons of Khao Yai (Primate Field Studies) by Thad Q Bartlett, 2008-05-25
  2. Population estimates of feral and free-ranging apes and gibbons: A bibliography, 1976-1986 by Jean Balch Williams, 1986
  3. Gibbons in interaction with man in domestic settings by Emily Hahn, 1972
  4. Behavioral observations of feral and free-ranging Gibbons and Siamangs (Hylobates): A bibliography by Jean Balch Williams, 1985
  5. Osteoarthritis in Rhesus Monkeys and Gibbons: A Locomotor Model of Joint Degeneration (Contributions to Primatology) by C. Jean Derousseau, 1988-03
  6. Naturalistic Environments in Captivity for Animal Behavior Research (Suny Series in Endangered Species) by Edward F. Gibbons, Everett J. Wyers, 1994-04
  7. The Lesser Apes: Evolutionary and Behavioural Biology by Holger Preuschoft, 1985-02

41. Animals Of The Caribbean Gardens
The hand is used much more like a hook. The method is good as gibbons arethe most agile of all living primates. Primate Info Net s gibbon page.
http://www.caribbeangardens.com/Plants_Animals/animal files/gibbon.htm
Common Name: White-handed gibbon Scientific Name: Hylobates lar See gibbons on the islands of the Primate Expedition Cruise Description: These lesser apes weigh between 6 and 8 kg. Coat colors vary from a light buff color to black with all colors having white hands and feet. Thumbs are not connected to the palm but originate freely from the wrist providing great flexibility. The thumbs are rarely used during swinging. The hand is used much more like a hook. The method is good as gibbons are the most agile of all living primates. They move about by the hand over hand swinging method known as brachiation. Casual leaps in excess of 3 meters are common during movement and great leaps of 9 meters or more have been reported. On the ground or on wide branches, gibbons typically walk upright with the hands over the head. Melodic calls are made regularly. The whooping songs are typically heard in the morning hours although there is variation in this. Range: Thailand, Malaysian peninsula, and northern Sumatra.

42. Taronga And Western Plains Zoos
primates at the Zoo. Taronga, Western Plains. Apes, Mueller s gibbonOrangutan Chimpanzee Lowland Gorilla, White-handed gibbon Siamang.
http://www.zoo.nsw.gov.au/content/view.asp?id=1038

43. Javan Silvery Gibbon (Hylobates Moloch)
of the whitebrowed gibbon or hoolock. J.Bombay Natur.Hist.Soc. 36 395-405 (1933).NAPIER, JR NAPIER, PH A handbook of living primates (Academic Press
http://www.markuskappeler.ch/gib/gibs/references.html
References ALTMANN, J.: Observational study of behaviour: sampling methods. Behaviour 49: 227-267 (1974). CARPENTER, C.R.: A field study in Siam of the behaviour and social
relations of the gibbon (Hylobates lar). Comp.Psychol.Monogr. 16: 1-212 (1940). CARPENTER, C.R.: Suspensory behaviour of gibbons Hylobates lar,
a photoessay; in RUMBAUGH Gibbon and siamang, vol.4, pp. 1-20 (Karger, Basel 1976). CHIVERS, D.J.: The siamang in Malaya: a field study of a primate in tropical rain forest. Contrib.Primatol. 4: 1-335 (1974). CHIVERS, D.J.: The feeding behaviour of siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus); in CLUTTON-BROCK Primate ecology, pp. 355-382 (Academic Press, London 1977a). CLUTTON-BROCK, T.H.: Methodology and measurement; in CLUTTON-BROCK Primate ecology: studies in feeding and ranging behaviour in lemurs, monkeys and apes, pp. 585-590 (Academic Press, London 1977). DELACOUR, J.: On the Indochinese gibbons (Hylobates concolor). J. Mammalogy 14: 71-73 (1933). ELLEFSON, J.O.: A natural history of white-handed gibbons in the Malayan peninsula; doctoral diss., univ. of California, California (1967).

44. Javan Silvery Gibbon (Hylobates Moloch)
CABRERA, A. A note on the name of the Javanese gibbon. Proc.Zool. Soc.Lond. CHIARELLI,AB Taxonomic atlas of living primates (Academic Press, London 1972).
http://www.markuskappeler.ch/gib/gibs/taxonomy.html
Markus Kappeler Former
and Presentday
Problems in Nomenclature
and Taxonomy
of the
Javan Gibbon
Dissertation,
Appendix,
Basel 1981,
6 Seiten Former and Presentday Problems in Nomenclature and Taxonomy of the Javan Gibbon
When reviewing the literature on gibbons, it is found that a variety of different names have been used for the Javan gibbon and, moreover, that some of these names have been applied also to other gibbon types. For these reasons, it is sometimes difficult to ascertain whether a certain statement actually refers to the Javan gibbon or not. In the following, an attempt to clarify the situation is made by (1) presenting the reasons for this confusing situation, and (2) giving a list of the different names in the synonymy of the Javan gibbon.
1. Nomenclature Although grey coloured gibbons had already been briefly mentioned by LECOMPTE [1698], SCHREBER [1775], CAMPER [1782] and PENNANT [1793], efforts to define the taxonomic position of the grey gibbon type did not take place until the very end of the 18th century when three separate names were given to it almost simultaneously: Simia moloch Simia cinerea by CUVIER in 1798 (description only)

45. Gibbon Taxonomy To Be Utilized By Breeding Facilities
Lernould, JM (1991) Karyotypic study of four gibbon forms provisionally consideredas subspecies of Hylobates (Nomascus) concolor (primates, Hylobatidae).
http://www.seaza.org/Conference/7th_conference/scientific_papers/gibbon_taxonomy
Gibbon Taxonomy to be Utilized by Breeding Facilities
Alan Mootnick Abstract Introduction Gibbons ( Hylobates ) are small, arboreal apes, inhabiting the tropical and semi-deciduous forests of Asia. They are distributed from Assam and Bangladesh in the northwest, eastward to Yunnan, Indochina, Thailand and the Malaysian Peninsula, and southward to the Indonesian and Malaysian islands. Adult gibbons weigh 5-15 kg and have long arms relative to their body size. Gibbons' pelage colors may vary within and between species, ranging from black to browns, grays, and buffs. With the exception of the siamang ( Hylobates syndactylus ), there is little sexual dimorphism in size, but some species do exhibit sex-specific color patterns. Gibbon systematics traditionally have been controversial and confusing. One of the purposes of zoos or other captive facilities is to breed gibbons so that species and subspecies diversity is retained. But the accurate identification of an individual gibbon may be complicated by 1) the variety of coat colors within some gibbon species, 2) the existence of different colors for the two sexes in some gibbon species, 3) the occurrence of coat color changes at sexual maturity for some gibbon species, 4) the impact of malnutrition and housing (e.g. indoors only or in full sunlight) on coloration, 5) the ease with which some gibbon species' songs are confused, 6) the difficulty with which some gibbon subspecies are distinguished, 7) and a dearth of information on the individual gibbon's origins who were confiscated. Given these problems, it is not surprising that zoos and other breeding facilities may encounter difficulties in the identification of gibbons.

46. Research On Primates Protested - From Worcester Telegram & Gazette - 27 Oct 2003
Mr. gibbon asked, noting that they were the same signs the protesters carried yearafter year. The signs grossly misrepresent the treatment of primates, he said
http://www.all-creatures.org/saen/media-wtg-27oct03.html
Home Page
About SAEN

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Stop Animal Exploitation NOW!
S. A. E. N.
"Exposing the truth to wipe out animal experimentation" Media Coverage Research on Primates Protested
Activists demonstrate at center in Southboro
By Linda Bock 10/27/03
Southboro – Seven people stood in soft rain on a gloomy afternoon yesterday outside Harvard University’s New England Regional Primate Research Center and peacefully protested the use of primates in experimentation. “It’s a quality thing, not a quantity thing,” said Michael A. Budkie of Ohio, executive director of Stop Animal Exploitation Now, of the small number of protesters. However, Don L. Gibbons, a spokesman for Harvard Medical School, said there is no inhumane treatment of animals at the primate research center. In fact, he said, the primates are treated more like patients than research subjects. The protest was part of a series of national demonstrations for National Primate Liberation Week, organized by Stop Animal Exploitation Now – or SAEN, for short. The animal research watch organization, with headquarters in Milford, Ohio, notes that more than a half-billion dollars annually is spent to experiment on about 100,000 primates nationally, according to U.S. Department of Agriculture reports.

47. MSL, Order Primates
handheld animal, Tigoni (Institute of Primate Research), Kenya, 1978. JH ShoshaniFamily HYLOBATIDAE - gibbons. Hylobates agilis - Agile gibbon - Malaysia; 536
http://www.emporia.edu/biosci/msl/primate.htm
Mammal Image Library Catalog
Ordering Information Use of Slides Table of Contents
ORDER PRIMATES
Family CALLITRICHIDAE - Marmosets
Callimico goeldii - Goeldi's marmoset - N South America
  • 1201 Side view, sitting, tail not in view, Seattle Zoo, WA 1993. D G Huckaby
    Callithrix argentata - Black-tailed or silvery marmoset - N South America
  • 895 Oblique view of male on tree branch, Monkey Jungle, Miami, FL, USA, 1976. R P Fontaine
    Callithrix jacchus
  • 518 Front view, subsp. geoffroyi, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL, USA, 1979. M A Rosenthal
  • 519 Two animals, subsp. jacchus, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL, USA, 1979. M A Rosenthal
    Callithrix pygmaea - Pygmy marmoset - N South America
  • 1202 Sitting on branch, Seattle Zoo, WA, 1993. D G Huckaby
    Leontopithecus rosalia - Golden lion marmoset - E Brazil
  • 659 View of marmoset in tree, Oklahoma City Zoo, USA. R W Van Devender
  • 896 Side view of male on branch, Monkey Jungle, Miami, FL, USA, 1973. R P Fontaine
  • 1122 Subspecies chrysomelas, side view of individual, showing dark back, Riverbanks Zoological Park, SC, 1991. A H Shoemaker
  • 1123 Subspecies chrysomelas, oblique front view, good detail of forelimbs, face lighter than in other slide of this subspecies, Riverbanks Zoological Park, SC, 1991. A H Shoemaker
  • 48. ADW: Hylobates Moloch: Information
    A mated gibbon pair will produce an average of 56 offspring over their reproductivelifespan of about 10-20 years. Like most primates, Hylobates moloch
    http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hylobates_moloch
    Overview News Conditions of Use ADW Staff ...
    Home
    Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Mammalia Order Primates Family Hylobatidae Species Hylobates moloch
    Hylobates moloch
    (silvery gibbon)

    editLink('skunkworks/.accounts/5532f536-e371-4507-98c6-8c44097daaa8') 2004/05/18 13:45:59.059 GMT-4 By Jennifer Kuester Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hylobatidae Genus: Hylobates Species: Hylobates moloch
    Geographic Range
    These gibbons are endemic to the Indonesian island of Java. Biogeographic Regions: oriental native
    Habitat
    Gibbons live in the tropical rainforests and semi-evergreen rainforests of South and Southeast Asia. Hylobates moloch is found in the tropical rainforest in Java. It is found in the upper canopy of the lowland and hill forests. Gibbons spend most of their lives in trees, and rarely descend to the forest floor. Terrestrial Biomes: rainforest
    Physical Description
    Mass
    4 to 9 kg
    (8.8 to 19.8 lbs)
    Adult molochs weigh on average 8 kg. There is no apparent sexual dimorphism (size or color difference) between male or female individuals. Both male and female are a silverly-gray color and possess a dark gray cap. Molochs have long arms and lean bodies which are especially important while manuvering through the canopy of the rainforest. Some key physical features: endothermic bilateral symmetry
    Reproduction
    The available data on gibbons show no birth seasonality. A mated gibbon pair will produce an average of 5-6 offspring over their reproductive lifespan of about 10-20 years. Like most primates

    49. Primates Of The Gunung Leuser Ecosystem
    The primates of the area are the orangutan, the whitehanded gibbon, the siamang,the long-tailed and pig-tailed macaques, Tomas-leaf monkeys and the silver
    http://www.globalclassroom.org/lm.html
    Primates of the Gunung Leuser Ecosystem
    Leann MacDonald
    Twice this past year 1996-1997 the grade 6, 7, 8 class of ISOL took trips to the Gunung Leuser Ecosystem. Both trips we took were to the Sekunder area near Besitang on the East side of the ecosystem. The observation site that we worked at is on the border of the forest and the 12,000 hectares (30,000 acres) that was slashed and burnt three years ago. The scientists in the area are trying to compare the life in the somber wasteland to the small amount of lush, succulent forest left. The Sekunder area is lowland - that is why scientists are actively studying that area. Because the Sekunder area is lowland, it is home to some of the last wild Sumatran Elephants, Sumatran Tigers and Sumatran Rhinos. The two trips that we made were to explore and examine the forest with the scientists. Our first trip from November 4th to 6th was to choose a topic to study. The second trip from April 14th to 16th was to study the topic of our choice. On the first trip I saw many animals and plants in the extraordinary jungle. Most interesting to me were the primates. The primates of the area are the orangutan, the white-handed gibbon, the siamang, the long-tailed and pig-tailed macaques, Tomas-leaf monkeys and the silver-leaf monkeys. There is also another very small primate the slow lorry, which scientists are not sure exists in this area. When we were there we also conducted a survey of the small mammals, in the area. We set up small traps in many different places - in low brush, in moist areas and in dry areas. The traps had trap doors that snap down when the animal pulls on the baited hook. For bait we used bananas and peanut butter. We caught many different species of field rats. The most common was the Malaysian Field Rat.

    50. Ape Alliance - Gibbon Groups.
    These very acrobatic primates live in southeast Asia. There are nine species ofgibbons, including the siamang, which is the largest and darkest gibbon.
    http://www.4apes.com/gibbon/
    Gibbon Groups. Gibbons are rare, small, slender, long-armed, tree-dwelling apes. These very acrobatic primates live in southeast Asia. Gibbons are arboreal; they spend most of their lives in trees. Because they are so dextrous while moving in the trees, almost no predators can catch them. There are nine species of gibbons, including the siamang, which is the largest and darkest gibbon. Because of the rapid deforestation of their habitats, gibbons are an endangered species. To chat about Gibbons visit the Gibbons Chat Page To find out how you can help, visit the Ape Alliance How to Help Page The following organisations are working to protect Gibbons, or are involved in their study and care: Born Free Foundation
    Will Travers CEO
    3 Grove House
    Foundry Lane
    Horsham
    West Sussex
    Phone: +44 (0)1403 240 170
    Fax: +44 (0)1403 327 838
    Web (en): www.bornfree.org.uk
    Email: wildlife@bornfree.org.uk
    Bristol Zoo Foundation International Primate Protection League (U.K.) Gilmore House 166 Gilmore Road London SE13 5AE Phone: +44 (0)20 8297 2129 Fax: +44 (0)20 8297 2099 Web (en): www.ippl-uk.org

    51. Prion Genes In Primates
    The variations in the PrP molecules of primates violate these expectations. patternwithin Hominoidea, represented in Figure 5B, is gibbon (Hylobatidae), orang
    http://www.cyber-dyne.com/~tom/primate_seq.html
    Prion Genes in Primates
    Prusiner et al. JMB 258813-261996 Variations in the PrP gene sequences of apes Variations in the PrP gene sequences of old-world monkeys For the seven new-world monkey species studied, 34 to 39 nucleotide exchanges were found resulting in seven to ten amino acid substitutions compared to humans (Table 1). Within this group, the PrP gene of the spider monkey showed the greatest sequence identity with human PrP when the deletions were not considered. It is noteworthy that fewer exchanges were present around the first putative helical region than in old-world monkeys, with the important exception of position 112 (M : V). Group specific variations were seen at codon 170, where the marmoset, tamarin and spider monkeys have an S : N substitution that is identical with that found in three subspecies of hamsters. At codon 182, the squirrel monkey has an I : V substitution that lies within the third putative a-helical region; at codon 205, the Aotes monkey has an M : I substitution that lies within the fourth putative a-helical region and is the same as that found in sheep. Variations in octarepeat structures Clustering of non-human primate variations in the PrP gene Phylogenetic relationships deduced from PrP sequences Distribution of variant amino acids Approximately one third of the residues in PrP were found to vary among mammals (Table 2). The distribution of variant amino acids was examined for different regions of PrP. Within the primates, most of the variation in the PrP sequence (18%) is within the N-terminal region (codons 1 to 90) while the variation in the C-terminal region (codons 221 to 253) was considerably lower (3%). In contrast, variations in the N and C-terminal regions for all species were 38% and 36%, respectively. The variation in the central region of PrP (codons 91 to 220) was 12% for residues in primates and 22% for all species. Combining the data for all species, 52% of the residues varied within the N-terminal (codons 1 to 22) and the C-terminal (codons 232 to 253) peptides that are cleaved off as mature PrP C is formed. The same peptides in primates varied at only 7% of the residues.

    52. Life Spans Of Nonhuman Primates
    (1) Nomascus Hylobates gabriellae (Goldencheeked gibbon) 46 yrs. (1) Nycticebuscoucang (Slow Loris) 20 yrs. The Pictorial Guide to Living primates.
    http://www.primate.wisc.edu/pin/lifespan.html
    [What's New] [Search] [IDP] [WDP] ... About the Primates
    The Life Spans of Nonhuman Primates
    <20 yrs. (4) Trachypithecus [Trachypithecus] geei (Golden Langur) NA Trachypithecus [Trachypithecus] obscurus (Dusky or Spectacled Leaf Monkey) NA Trachypithecus [Trachypithecus] phayrei (Phayre's Leaf Monkey) NA Trachypithecus [Trachypithecus] pileatus (Capped Leaf Monkey) NA Varecia variegatus (Ruffed Lemur) 19 yrs. (1) Numbers in parenthesus following lifespans refer to the following references:
    1. Rowe, Noel. The Pictorial Guide to Living Primates. Pogonias Press, East Hampton, New York, 1996.
    2. Hakeem A., et al. Handbook of the Psychology of Aging. 4th ed. Birren, J.E., Schaie, K.W., Editors. San Diego: Academic Press. 1996.
    3. Nowak, R. Walker's Primates of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1999.
    4. American Association of Zoo Keepers Greater San Francisco Bay Area Chapter. Biological Values for Selected Mammals. Topeka: AAZK. 1992. 3rd ed. Pgs: v, 481
    5. "Female orangutan, 43, dies of pneumonia at zoo," Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, February 4, 2004.

    53. Common Names For The Order Primates
    Hylobates agilis. English Agile gibbon. DarkHanded gibbon. French gibbonAgile. Other Unka. English Black gibbon. White-cheeked gibbon. Crested gibbon.
    http://www.primate.wisc.edu/pin/Common.html
    [What's New] [Search] [IDP] [WDP] ... [Index] Common Names for the Order Primates Compiled by Bryan Lenz Allenopithecus nigroviridis       English: Allen's Swamp Monkey               Blackish-Green Guenon               Swamp Monkey               Allen's Baboon-like Monkey       French: Cercopithèque de Allen   Cercopithèque Noir et Vert               Singe de Pocock       German: Sumpfmeerkatze Allocebus trichotis       English: Hairy-eared Dwarf Lemur       French: Allocèbe               Chirogale aux Oreilles Poilles   Le Cheirogale aux Oreilles Velues       German: Büschelohrmaki                 Buschelöhr-Katzenmaki       Malagasy: Tsidiala       Spanish: Lemur Orejipeludo Alouatta belzebul       English: Red-handed Hower (Howling) Monkey   Devil-Handed Howler (Howling) Monkey               Black and Red Howler (Howling) Monkey               Yellow-Handed Howler (Howling) Monkey               Rufous-Handed Howler (Howling) Monkey       French: Hurleur à Mains Rousses       German: Gelbfüssiger Brüllaffe                Rothändiger Brüllaffe       Portuguese: Guariba de Mão Ruiva       Spanish: Guariba de Manos Rubias Alouatta belzebul ululata       English: Red-handed Howling Monkey Alouatta caraya       English: Black Howler (Howling) Monkey               Karaya       French: Hurleur Noir       German: Schwarzer Brüllaffe       Spanish: Mono Aullador       Other: Bugio Preto Alouatta coibensis coibensis       English: Coiba Island Howler (Howling) Monkey   Coiba Howler (Howling) Monkey Alouatta coibensis trabeata       English: Azuero Howler (Howling) Monkey

    54. BIOSIS | Resource Guide | Mammalia - Primates
    International Center for gibbon Studies (ICGS) a nonprofit center for the InternationalPrimatological Society association of researchers on nonhuman primates.
    http://www.biosis.org.uk/zrdocs/zoolinfo/mam_prim.htm
    Pull Down for Destinations BIOSIS Previews Zoological Record MethodsFinder Index to Organism Names Internet Resource Guide for Zoology User Support Search Sitemap Index Help with this Site
    Resource Guide
    Introduction About the Resource Guide Awards Latest Additions ...
    African Primates
    hear and see them
    American Journal of Primatology
    official journal of the American Society of Primatologists
    American Society of Primatologists

    Animal Diversity Web
    University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
    Annotated bibliography on Environmental Enrichment for Non-Human Primates

    University of Missouri-Columbia introductory training course in evolutionary theory and primate evolution
    Ape Alliance
    an international coalition of organisations and individuals, working for the conservation and welfare of apes
    Asociación Primatológica Española (APE)

    Associazone Primatologica Italiana (API)

    Aye-Aye's Primate Primer
    pictures and introductory information about monkeys and apes Australian Primatological Society Balikpapan Orangutan Society (BOS) helps sponsor a reintroduction program for confiscated orangutans on Borneo California Regional Primate Research Center (CRPRC) Caribbean Primate Research Center (CPRC) a research, training and education unit of the University of Puerto Rico (UPR), Medical Sciences Campus

    55. Primate Trade - Imports To The United States 1995-2002
    LECA, RINGTAILED LEMUR, 5. GGOR, GORILLA, 4. HYHO, WHITE-BROWED gibbon, 4.HYLM, SILVERY gibbon, 4. PPYA, SUMATRAN ORANGUTAN, 4. PR00, primates, 4. PRB?LANGUR, 4.
    http://www.aesop-project.org/Primate_Trade/Primate_Trade_Imports.htm
    Select a Primate Trade Topic Year Number of Primates Imported Total Back to Top Number of Nonhuman Primates Imported to the U.S. 1995-2002 - By Species Species Code Common Name Number MFAS CRAB-EATING MACAQUE MMUL RHESUS MACAQUE SSCI SQUIRREL MONKEY PANU OLIVE BABOON CAJA COMMON MARMOSET CAET GRIVET MONKEY AONA NIGHT MONKEY PAP? BABOON COPR PREUSS' RED COLOBUS SABO SQUIRREL MONKEY AOVO NIGHT MONKEY CAPE WEEPING CAPUCHIN MNEM PIG-TAILED MACAQUE CHAL WHITE-NOSED SAKI TPT?

    56. Primatology
    well as complete research articles and news on various aspects of gibbon biology centerfor biomedical and behavioral research with nonhuman primates at Emory
    http://www.oobdoo.com/directory/Science/Biology/Zoology/Chordates/Mammalogy/Prim
    World Wide Search Engine
    and Portal to the Best Sites on the Internet
    Over 15million sites and over 550,000 categories
    Top Science Biology Zoology ... Mammalogy : Primatology (18)

    See Also:
    • Science: Biology: Flora and Fauna: Animalia: Chordata: Mammalia: Primates
    • Science: Social Sciences: Anthropology: Linguistic Anthropology: Ape Sign Language Primate Research Institute - Kyoto University's primate resources. Olav Roehrer-Ertl - Research projects and results in primatology and anthropology of Dr.Dr. Olav Roehrer-Ertl, Munich (Bavaria), Germany. Primate Information Network - Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center at the University of Wisconsin - Madison. Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center - Includes a world directory of primatologists and the primate information net. German Primate Center - General information, research, photo gallery, publications, and news. Primate Society of Great Britain - Promotes research into primate biology, conservation and management and invites membership from people with a serious interest in primates. Site provides thorough coverage of the Society's work. American Society of Primatologists - Information on scientific primatology, primate research, conservation efforts, teaching aids, and the Society's book series.

    57. Transitional Vertebrate Fossils FAQ: Part 2A
    At this point Africa Asia connected via Arabia, and the nongibbon apesdivided into two lines Known species-species transitions in primates
    http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-transitional/part2a.html
    Transitional Vertebrate Fossils FAQ
    Part 2A
    Kathleen Hunt
    [Last Update: March 17, 1997]
    Part 1B
    Contents
    Part 2B
    PART 2
    Overview of the Cenozoic
    The Cenozoic fossil record is much better than the older Mesozoic record, and much better than the very much older Paleozoic record. The most extensive Cenozoic gaps are early on, in the Paleocene and in the Oligocene. From the Miocene on it gets better and better, though it's still never perfect. Not surprisingly, the very recent Pleistocene has the best record of all, with the most precisely known lineages and most of the known species-to-species transitions. For instance, of the 111 modern mammal species that appeared in Europe during the Pleistocene, at least 25 can be linked to earlier European ancestors by species-to-species transitional morphologies (see Kurten, 1968, and Barnosky, 1987, for discussion).
    Timescale
    Pleistocene 2.5-0.01 Ma Excellent mammal record Pliocene 5.3-2.5 Ma Very good mammal record
    Miocene 24-5.3 Ma Pretty good mammal record
    Oligocene 34-24 Ma Spotty mammal record. Many gaps in various lineages

    58. White-cheeked Gibbon (Hylobates Concolor)
    Whitecheeked gibbon (Hylobates concolor) facts, photos and videos. HomeZooMammalsPrimatesgibbons SiamangsWhite-cheeked gibbon. Click Here to Use This Photo The white-cheeked gibbon has extremely long arms and legs
    http://www.thebigzoo.com/Animals/White-cheeked_Gibbon.asp
    Home Zoo Mammals Primates :White-cheeked Gibbon
    Click Here to Use This Photo
    White Cheeks
    Kingdom: Animalia
    Phylum: Chordata
    Class: Mammalia
    Order: Primata
    Family: Hylobatidae
    Genus: Hylobates
    Species: concolor
    Length: 18 - 25 inches
    Weight: 12.5 lbs Gestation: 210 - 240 days Offspring: 1 Life Span: 25 years
    White-cheeked Gibbon
    Hylobates concolor
    Also Called: Black Gibbon or Crested Gibbon
    Amazing Balance (337 KB) The white-cheeked gibbon has extremely long arms and legs. The male is usually black and the female is a lighter color, often with black patches. They have patches of lighter fur on their cheeks, though this is hard to distinguish on the female. White-cheeked gibbons also have a group of erect hairs (a crest) on the top of their heads. They possess an opposable thumb that is used for climbing or grooming but not for swinging from branch to branch. White-handed gibbons usually move in this manner and can cover horizontal distances of 40 feet and vertical of 50 feet in one swing. They launch themselves and freefall until they catch another branch. They can move bipedally along branches or on the ground using their arms for balance. White-cheeked gibbons eat fruits, leaves and some insects.

    59. White-handed Gibbon (Hylobates Lar)
    Whitehanded gibbon (Hylobates lar) facts, photos and videos. HomeZooMammalsPrimatesgibbons SiamangsWhite-handed gibbon. Click Here to Use This Photo
    http://www.thebigzoo.com/Animals/White-handed_Gibbon.asp
    Home Zoo Mammals Primates :White-handed Gibbon
    Click Here to Use This Photo
    Swinging
    Kingdom: Animalia
    Phylum: Chordata
    Class: Mammalia
    Order: Primata
    Family: Hylobatidae
    Genus: Hylobates
    Species: lar
    Length: 17 - 25 inches
    Weight: 11 - 13.2 lbs Gestation: 210 days Offspring: 1 Life Span: 30 years
    White-handed Gibbon
    Hylobates lar
    Also Called: Common Lar or Malaysian Lar
    Swinging with Baby (362 KB) Baby (343 KB) White-handed gibbons are small, tailless apes with dense, shaggy fur ranging from black to pale gray. Their face is bare and surrounded by a white fringe. White-handed gibbons have long, slender arms and the upper part of their hands and feet is always white. They possess an opposable thumb that is used for climbing or grooming but not for swinging from branch to branch. White-handed gibbons usually move in this manner and can cover horizontal distances of 40 feet and vertical of 50 feet in one swing. They launch themselves and freefall until they catch another branch. They can move bipedally along branches or on the ground. When doing so, white-handed gibbons raise their arms above their heads for balance. White-handed gibbons are diurnal and usually take a rest break during the hottest part of the day. White-handed gibbons eat fruits, leaves and some insects. They will also eat birds and can catch them out of the air while swinging.

    60. About The Primates
    About the primates. Fact Sheets. Anatomy. Behavior Ecology. Evolution. Myths, Tales and Legends. Pathology. Physiology and Developmental Biology. primates as Pets. Taxonomy. URL http//www.primate.wisc.edu/pin/aboutp. html
    http://www.primate.wisc.edu/pin/aboutp.html
    [What's New] [Search] [IDP] [WDP] ... Resources In Primatology > About the Primates
    About the Primates
    URL: http://www.primate.wisc.edu/pin/aboutp.html
    Page last modified: October 2, 2003
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