61. Germany - Government Subsidies subsidizing or supporting certain industries the federal government does it to a massive and increasingly significant degree. Despite germany s commitment to http://countrystudies.us/germany/142.htm

Government Subsidies Germany Table of Contents The Länder are not alone in subsidizing or supporting certain industries: the federal government does it to a massive and increasingly significant degree. Despite Germany's commitment to a social market economy, exceptions to market principles existed in West Germany and are proliferating in united Germany. German economic institutes and experts have repeatedly warned that authorities at various levels have supported many economic activities that should long ago have been discontinued or compelled to become competitive. Federal and Land authorities have ignored the complaints of the economists but have usually promised to reduce or eliminate subsidies as soon as feasible. Before unification, the West German government and various Länder supported a number of industries and services, such as coal, steel, aerospace, shipbuilding, and agriculture, with the federal government supporting activities across the board and the Länder supporting locally important and influential industries. Between 1970 and 1989, the total volume of subsidies, including those paid through the European Community (ECsee Glossary), rose from DM12 billion to over DM45 billion. The level of subsidies rose almost uninterruptedly, even after Kohl assumed office and his government had committed itself to reducing them. Although some categories of subsidiesfor example, those for agriculturewere not fully under West German but rather under EC control, even the portion specifically designated for German farmers also rose by 250 percent during the 1980s. Overall, the federal government provided about one-third of total West German subsidies. The other two-thirds came from the

62. ThinkQuest : Library : The Global Gazette International student newspaper focusing on cultures. Compares the art, society, government, traditions, language, and laws of Norway, the U.S., germany, China, and Hong Kong. http://library.thinkquest.org/18802/?tqskip=1

63. Germany - Government And Politics goal of the authors of West germany s Basic Law. Among other things, the Basic Law established the supremacy of political parties in the system of government. http://countrystudies.us/germany/149.htm

Government and Politics Germany Table of Contents During the summer of 1990, the governments of the two German states drafted a 1,000-page treaty outlining the terms of political union. The document explained how the political structures and policies of West Germany would be extended to the east, how other institutionssuch as the education systemwould be coordinated, and which issues would be resolved laterfor instance, abortion policy. The parliaments of both German states ratified the treaty, and the territory of East Germany joined the Federal Republic under Article 23 on October 3, 1990. The West German system of government, outlined in the Basic Law, reflects in particular a desire to transcend the interwar period of democratic instability and dictatorship. A federal system of government, considered vital to a stable, constitutional democracy, was put in place as a direct response to lessons learned from the Nazis' misuse of centralized structures. After four years of Allied occupation, the FRG was established in 1949. The country attained sovereignty in 1955 when the Allies transferred responsibility for national security to the newly formed armed forces, the Bundeswehr. The Constitution Federalism The President The Chancellor and the Cabinet ... Germany Table of Contents Source: U.S. Library of Congress

64. Alcohol Attempts to reduce consumption were made in germany, Britain, AustriaHungary, France and Italy during World War I. Public house opening times were reduced, and the British government also increased the level of tax on alcohol. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWalcohol.htm

Alcohol To receive your free copy every week enter your email address below. FREE Education Newsletters - choose below... Education on the Internet Teaching History Online Email: Let keep Ahead .com bring you the world by email Spartacus USA History British History Second World War ... Email The British government became concerned about the consumption of alcohol during the First World War . They feared that war production was being hampered by drunkenness. Other governments involved in the conflict were also worried about this problem. In August 1914 Russia outlawed the production and sale of vodka. This measure was a complete failure, as people, unable to buy vodka, produced their own. The Russian government also suffered a 30% reduction in its tax revenue. Attempts to reduce alcohol consumption were also made in Germany, Austria-Hungary, France and Italy. In Britain, David Lloyd George , the Chancellor of the Exchequer, led the campaign against alcohol. In January 1915, Lloyd George claimed that Britain was "fighting German's, Austrians and Drink, and as far as I can see the greatest of these foes is Drink."

65. Economist.com | Germany's Government germany s government A chancellor looks anxiously ahead Oct 3rd 2002 From The Economist print edition. For the reelected Gerhard http://www.economist.com/research/articlesBySubject/displayStory.cfm?story_id=13

66. Government To Bail-out Expo 2000 CNN http://cnn.com/2000/WORLD/europe/germany/11/30/fair.debt.ap/index.html

67. CNN.com - German Government Rejects New Car Toll - September 5, 2000 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/TRAVEL/NEWS/09/05/germany.roadtolls.ap/index.html

travel news Editions myCNN ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web TRAVEL TOP STORIES Alaska Air launches limited wireless check-in MORE TOP STORIES More than 1,700 killed in India quake; fear of aftershocks spreads U.S. stocks mixed After respite, California power supply close to running on empty Ashcroft supporters combat accusations of discrimination ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: German government rejects new car toll BERLIN (AP) Motorists will continue to fly along Germany's speed-limit-free highways without having to pass toll gates for the foreseeable future, the government said Tuesday, turning down a recommendation from an expert commission it appointed last year. Transport Minister Reinhard Klimmt rejected a new car toll outlined in a report on covering costs of modernizing the country's roads and railways, which are still being knitted together 10 years after reunification.

68. German Studies Web: Politics & Government German Studies Web Politics government germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg Liechtenstein. http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wess/germ/polygov.html

German Studies Web: Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Constitutions and Civil Codes Government Party Politics and Elections Legal Resources ... Other Political and Governmental Resources on the Internet Return to German Studies Web home page. Return to WESSWEB home page. This page is maintained by Richard Hacken (Hacken @ byu.edu) who would be grateful for comments or suggestions for additional items. Last updated: May 2004

69. A Manual For Germany | Ein Handbuch Für Deutschland Guide to germany's society and culture directed primarily at immigramts, published by the government Representative for Migration, Refugees and Integration. Available online, in English, German, Spanish, French, Russian and Turkish, with order form for the printed version. http://www.handbuch-deutschland.de/

Inhaltsverzeichnis It is recommended to use a browser that supports frames when viewing the "Handbook for Germany". Table of Contents Si es posible use, por favor, un browser que soporte marcos para visualizar el "Manual para Alemania".

70. World War I, The First Lusitania Note To Germany Imperial German government for just, prompt, and enlightened action in this vital matter with the greater confidence because the United States and germany are http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/1915/lusitania1.html

13 May, 1915 The First Lusitania Note to Germany Sent by the President of the United States, Mr. Woodrow Wilson. United States, Foreign Relations of the United States , Washington, D.C., 1915, Supplement, pp. 393 ff. The Cunard liner, Lusitania , was sunk by a German submarine on May 7,1915, with a loss of more than 1,100 passengers and crew, including 124 Americans. The following note was sent by President Wilson under the signature of Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan. Department of State, Washington, May 13, 1915 To Ambassador Gerard: Please call on the Minister of Foreign Affairs and after reading to him this communication leave with him a copy. In view of recent acts of the German authorities in violation of American rights on the high seas which culminated in the torpedoing and sinking of the British steamship Lusitania on May 7, 1915, by which over 100 American citizens lost their lives, it is clearly wise and desirable that the Government of the United States and the Imperial German Government should come to a clear and full understanding as to the grave situation which has resulted. The sinking of the British passenger steamer Falaba by a German submarine on March 28, through which Leon C. Thrasher, an American citizen, was drowned; the attack on April 28 on the American vessel

71. Map Zones - Germany Map Explore German culture, language, geography, currency, history, government, people, and economy. http://kids.mapzones.com/world/germany/

Introduction People History Culture ... Communications Legal system Organization Provinces Disputes Germany Introduction Back to Top Germany, Federal Republic of (in German, Bundesrepublik Deutschland), country in central Europe, bordered on the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; on the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; on the south by Austria and Switzerland; and on the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. For much of German history, Germany was a geographical term for an area occupied by many states. A unified nation for 74 years (1871-1945), it was divided after World War II into the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; commonly known as West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (GDR; commonly known as East Germany). On October 3, 1990, East Germany, or the GDR, became part of the FRG, and Germany once again became a unified nation. It has an area of 356,959 sq km (137,823 sq mi). Berlin is Germany's capital and largest city. Population 83,536,115 (1996 estimate) Population Density 234 people/sq km (606 people/sq mi) (1996 estimate) Urban/Rural Breakdown 85% Urban 15% Rural Largest Cities Berlin 3,477,900 Hamburg 1,703,800 Munich 1,251,100 Cologne 963,300 Frankfurt 656,200 (1994 estimates) Ethnic Groups 96% German 4% Other including Turks, Poles, Italians, and Yugoslavs Languages Official Language German Other Languages Sorbian, other minority languages Religions 35% Protestantism mainly Lutheranism 34% Roman Catholicism 2% Islam 29% Other including Judaism

72. EurActiv.com Portal - LinksDossier - Germany - Government germany government. government. germany is a Federal Republic with 16 States (Länder). The current German Constitution was first adopted in 1949. http://www.euractiv.com/cgi-bin/cgint.exe?714&1015=9&1014=germany_gov&-tt=cd

73. German Government Sets Equal Rights Bill For Same-sex Couples CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/europe/06/23/germany.gaycouples.ap/index.html

74. Government Makes Last-minute Tweak To Pension Bill CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/germany/01/25/germany.pensions.reut/index.html

75. AllRefer Reference - Germany - Government Institutions - The President | German authority to the federal chancellor, as head of government, rather than to the president s duties include signing treaties, representing germany abroad, and http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/germany/germany123.html

You are here allRefer Reference Germany History ... Germany Germany Government Institutions The President There is disagreement about whether the president, in fact, has greater powers than the above description would suggest. Some argue that nothing in the Basic Law suggests that a president must follow government directives. For instance, the president could refuse to sign legislation, thus vetoing it, or refuse to approve certain cabinet appointments. As of mid-1995, no president had ever taken such action, and thus the constitutionality of these points had never been tested. The president is selected by secret ballot at a Federal Convention that includes all Bundestag members and an equal number of delegates chosen by the Land legislatures. This assemblage, which totals more than 1,000 people, is convened every five years. It may select a president for a second, but not a third, five-year term. The authors of the Basic Law preferred this indirect form of presidential election because they believed it would produce a head of state who was widely acceptable and insulated from popular pressure. Candidates for the presidency must be at least forty years old. The Basic Law did not create an office of vice president. If the president is outside the country or if the position is vacant, the president of the Bundesrat fills in as the temporary head of state. If the president dies in office, a successor is ele cted within thirty days.

76. Information On Germany Frequently asked questions and answers fon traditions, culture, history, urban legends; how to move/travel/live to/in germany; Goethe institutes, government; international money transfer; audio/video norms, broadcasting, news media; language learning, software. http://www.watzmann.net/scg/index.html

Home soc.culture.german Login/Register Information on Germany Table of Contents Download the FAQ This site provides extensive information on Germany. To get an overview, go straight to the Table of Contents . Among the things you can find here, are descriptions of German traditions and holidays , information on the political life history and law or the German economy If you've been here before and want to have a rough idea what's changed recently, have a look at the What's new section. The information presented here has been compiled with the help of many of the readers of soc.culture.german . It is posted monthly to that newsgroup as the FAQ. If you have any comments, either write them on the back of a 100 DM bill and mail it to me, email them to scg at watzmann dot net , or use the page commenting facility Addenda Some random notes that haven't made it into the FAQ. Maps a schematic (25K) that shows the federal states and a more detailed map (390K) showing cities and major streets (the famous Autobahnen The English-only vote.

77. Chirac Says No To Dream Of European Government CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/europe/06/26/germany.france.ap/index.html

78. CNN.com - MobilCom Gets Government Lifeline - September 13, 2002 CNN http://cnn.com/2002/BUSINESS/09/13/germany.mobilcom/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 MobilCom gets government lifeline Up to 5,000 jobs at MobilCom are at risk BERLIN, Germany The German Government has said it will do "everything necessary" to save stricken telecoms operator MobilCom. France Telecom Chief Executive Michel Bon dumped cash-hungry German partner MobilCom on Friday, before resigning. ( Full story The decision threatens the jobs of 5,000 MobilCom employees and comes just nine days before an election in Germany which has been dominated by the state of the economy, particularly the high level of unemployment. German Government spokeswoman Charima Reinhard said Germany regretted the decision by France Telecom, which owns 28.5 percent of MobilCom. EXTRA INFORMATION In-depth: Germany Decides 2002 VIDEO Michel Bon's resignation is likely to pave the way for a rights issue at France Telecom which could raise as much as $15 billion. Richard Quest speaks to Gautum Malkani from the Financial Times.

79. CNN.com - Schroeder, Greens Forge Government - Oct. 16, 2002 CNN http://cnn.com/2002/WORLD/europe/10/16/germany.coalition/index.html

CNN Europe CNN Asia Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese On CNN TV Transcripts Headline News CNN International ... Special Reports SERVICES Video E-Mail Services CNNtoGO SEARCH Web CNN.com Schroeder, Greens forge government Schroeder, left, and Fischer sign a new Red-Green coalition pact Story Tools SPECIAL REPORT Germany Decides 2002 PHOTO GALLERY Images from the election FRANKFURT, Germany German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder's new centre-left coalition government has issued a veiled call for the European Central Bank to cut interest rates. Schroeder's SPD party earlier on Wednesday signed a new coalition pact with the Greens party for its next four years in power. But both sides now have to urgently tackle the question of how to cover the country's budget deficit. The new partnership government called on the European Central Bank to use monetary policy to help boost investment and growth, in what was widely seen as a veiled call for lower interest rates, Reuters news agency reported. Germany's re-elected government used the text of its coalition agreement to say it planned to cut the nation's budget deficit to zero by 2006. "This policy must be complemented at a European level by a monetary policy that leads to more investment, and therefore more growth," the statement read.

80. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Europe - Germany - Government And Political Conditio Click Here. World Europe germany government and Political Conditions (Notes). germany government and Political Conditions (Notes). http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/gm/Germany_government_summary.htm

Home World Map Rankings Currency Converter Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Germany (Notes) Germany - Government and Political Conditions (Notes) GOVERNMENT AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS The government is parliamentary, and a democratic constitution emphasizes the protection of individual liberty and division of powers in a federal structure. The chancellor (prime minister) heads the executive branch of the federal government. The duties of the president (chief of state) are largely ceremonial; the chancellor exercises executive power. The Bundestag (lower, principal chamber of the parliament) elects the chancellor and cannot remove the chancellor from office during a 4-year term unless it has agreed on a successor. The president is elected every 5 years on May 23 by the Federal Assembly, a body convoked only for this purpose, comprising the entire Bundestag and an equal number of state delegates. The Bundestag, which serves a 4-year term, consists of at least twice the number of electoral districts in the country (299). When parties' directly elected seats exceed their proportional representation, they may receive more seats. The number of seats in the Bundestag was reduced to 598 for the 2002 elections. The Bundesrat (upper chamber or Federal Council) consists of 69 members who are delegates of the 16 Laender (states). The legislature has powers of exclusive jurisdiction and concurrent jurisdiction with the Laender in areas specified in the Basic Law. The Bundestag has primary legislative authority. The Bundesrat must concur on legislation concerning revenue shared by federal and state governments and those imposing responsibilities on the states.

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