101. Bugs In The News - What The Heck Is Genetic Engineering? What the Heck is genetic engineering? ~~~. A question from genetic engineeringis in fact, pretty darn great. Basically, genetic engineering http://people.ku.edu/~jbrown/engineering.html

What the Heck is Genetic Engineering? A question from Nick Spreng and Gretchen Torrey, who are 7th-graders in Ms. Arlene Hicks' class at Pierce Middle School , Grosse Pointe, Michigan. Genetic Engineering is in fact, pretty darn great. Basically, genetic engineering means that the DNA ( D eoxyribo N ucleic A cid) material of any source (living or dead cell) can be isolated, identified, altered, and introduced into the chromosome (DNA) within any living cell. Most of the work involves isolation and identification of genes - the components within DNA (chromosomes) which contain ALL of the information for the synthesis of everything in every living cell ( see What the Heck is a Gene? ). The information in a gene is a code - which is a three letter-at-a-time sequence of deoxyribonucleotides (A - adenine; T -thymidine; C - cytosine, or G - guanine). The information in this code (the "sentence" may be thousands of "letters" long) is relayed by a messenger. This intermediate messenger is called messenger RNA (mRNA). There is an enzyme which "reads" the DNA and makes this special kind of R ibo N ucleic A cid from it. This mRNA then travels to the special machinery inside the cell, called a ribosome, and there the message is translated (like translating a foreign language). The translation of mRNA leads to the synthesis of a protein - this protein may be one of the thousands of enzymes necessary for cell life, or, it may be one of the thousands of proteins involved in transport of nutrients, or the structural parts of the cell.

102. Citizens For Health Activism made easy. Tell Congress what you think about genetic engineering, irradiated food, Codex, organic food. http://www.citizens.org

TAKE ACTION NOW Hill Briefing will get the RIGHT information to leaders. Herbal Alternatives Legislation Impacting Access to Supplements Secretary Thompson urging Congress to pass legislation restricting consumer access to supplements. Bills in the House and Senate gaining momentum. Legislation Impacting Alternative Medicine Access to Medical Treatment Act - Bill Gives Consumers the Right to Use Wider Range of Therapies and Devices Legislation for Food and Water Safety Call on Congress to safeguard our food supply - prevent another mad cow incidence. Country of Origin Labeling - a vital peice of legislation that tells you where the food on your grocery store shelves came from. Farm to Cafeteria Projects Act. - Natural Health E-News Update Monsanto Abandons Efforts to Commercialize Biotech Wheat. Congress is Writing the WRONG Prescription for Health! Citizens For Health It's easy and only takes a minute. Register Today! Find out if your Representatives make the grade see our rankings in the first-ever Natural Health Scorecard! Our Priorities Dietary Supplements The Natural Health Research Institute Educate Congress on Herbal Alternatives!

103. BBC - Religion & Ethics - Genetic Engineering Ethical issues genetic engineering. Page 1 of 4, Printable version of this page, Jewishexperts have thought particularly hard about genetic engineering. http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/ethics/issues/genetic_engineering/index.shtml

@import url('/includes/tbenh.css') ; Home TV Radio Talk ... A-Z Index WEDNESDAY 9th June 2004 Text only BBC Homepage Religions Ethics ... Help Like this page? Send it to a friend! Ethical issues Page 1 of 4 Printable version of this page Ethical Debate A boy has been born to a British couple who want to use stem cells from his umbilical cord to treat an older brother with a life threatening blood disorder. Michelle and Jayson Whitaker's baby, Jamie, was genetically selected while he was still an embryo to be a near perfect match to four-year-old Charlie. The couple went to an American clinic for test tube baby treatment because the selection procedure is not allowed in the UK. Is it right to select the traits of our children? Is there a difference between screening for genes and directly engineering them into our children? Genetic engineering is a subject for debate througthout the world and especially for religious communities where faith experts apply ancient laws and principals to cutting edge science. Jewish experts have thought particularly hard about genetic engineering. Partly because their community has an obvious application for the technology since there's a particular genetic disease, Tay Sachs, that targets some types of Jewish people and partly because Jewish law, Halakha, has examined medical issues in great depth throughout history. It's also a painful subject for the Jewish community, not just because of the suffering of individuals, but because false genetic and eugenic arguments were used to justify the Holocaust in which over 6 million Jews were murdered.

104. Geneethics.org Nonprofit federation of groups and individuals in Australia promoting critical discussion and debate on the environmental, social and ethical impacts of genetic engineering technologies. http://www.geneethics.org

Latest Material News Release: Regulator Licenses Gene and Chemical Pollution News Release: Animal Clones Unfit for Food GE-free Picnic at CERES Action Alert: Keep Victoria GE-free ... Letter to the Editor: Farmer levies used to promote GE The GeneEthics Network - Working to keep Australia GE-free The GeneEthics Network was founded in 1988. We promote critical community discussion and debate on the economic, market, environmental, social and ethical impacts of genetic engineering (GE) technologies. The Network campaigns for the precautionary principle to be rigorously applied to all uses of GE. We also promote community participation in policy-making processes on: GE regulation, proposed releases of GE organisms and their products, food labelling, feral animal and weed control. GeneEthics Network supporters keep an eye on all uses of gene technology. News Release: Regulator Licenses Gene and Chemical Pollution The Office of Gene Technology Regulator (OGTR) today licensed Monsanto's Roundup herbicide tolerant canola for release throughout Australia - anywhere, anytime, on any scale, by anyone, and permanently. The licence does not require further reporting (other than seed sales), monitoring, review or assessment. "Australia's invaluable reputation for clean green foods and the quality of our environment will be in tatters if state governments allow the licence to be used," says GeneEthics Director, Bob Phelps.

105. Transforming Plants - Basic Genetic Engineering Techniques Transforming Plants Basic genetic engineering Techniques. Pamela Peters. Biotechnology A Guide to genetic engineering. Dubuque, IA Wm. http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/BA/Transforming_Plants.html

Transforming Plants - Basic Genetic Engineering Techniques Pamela Peters. "Biotechnology: A Guide to Genetic Engineering." Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown Publishers, 1993. Cloning of Plant Cells and Manipulation of Plant Genes Plants that can be cloned with relative ease include carrots, tomatoes, potatoes, petunias, and cabbage, to name only a few. The capability to grow a whole plant from a single cell means that researchers can engage in the genetic manipulation of the cell, let the cell develop into a completely mature plant, and examine the whole spectrum of physical and growth effects of the genetic manipulation within a relatively short period of time. Such a process is far more straightforward than the parallel process in animal cells, which cannot be cloned into full-grown adults. Therefore, the results of any genetic manipulation are usually easier to examine in plants than in animals. A Cloning Vector that Works with Plant Cells Not all aspects of the genetic manipulation of plant cells are readily accomplished. Not only do plants usually have a great deal of chromosomal material and grow relatively slowly as compared with single cells grown in the laboratory, but few cloning vectors can successfully function in plant cells. While researchers working with animal cells can choose among a wide variety of cloning vectors to find just the right one, plant cell researchers are currently limited to just a few basic types of vectors. Perhaps the most commonly used plant cloning vector is the "Ti" plasmid, or tumor-inducing plasmid. This plasmid is found in cells of the bacterium known as Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which normally lives in soil. The bacterium has the ability to infect plants and cause a crown gall, or tumorous lump, to form at the site of infection. The tumor-inducing capacity of this bacterium results from the presence of the Ti plasmid. The Ti plasmid itself, a large, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule, can replicate independently of the A. tumefaciens genome. When these bacteria infect a plant cell, a 30,000 base-pair segment of the Ti plasmid - called T DNA - separates from the plasmid and incorporates into the host cell genome. This aspect of Ti plasmid function has made it useful as a plant cloning vector.

106. Ethics Of Genetic Engineering An Annotated Bibliography on genetic engineering ethics. http://www.acusd.edu/~ashleyj/bib.html

107. Human Cloning And Genetic Engineering Jokes! Types of genetic engineering. Natural Selection, nature s owngenetic engineering. Selective True genetic engineering. What I http://www.biofact.com/cloning/

Cloning may make possible some extraordinary advances in the science of genetic engineering. It may speed up mammalian research, and make possible the introduction of desired traits into higher mammals. There are many different levels at which genetic engineering may occur, some of which have been going on for a long time. Read my summary of one way in which cloning may make possible new advances in genetic engineering. This page provided courtesy of: The BioFact Report Frequently Asked Questions Tell me about the cloning of sheep, cows, and now mice How can I clone humans? Cloning of humans might be illegal in the United States, so do so at your own risk. The information provided here is an actual recipe based on current technology, but there might be problems, or better methods. Forget serious cloning information, I want to read some Cloning Jokes Types of Genetic Engineering Natural Selection , nature's own genetic engineering. Selective Breeding , our success in altering the course of natural selection. Genetic Manipulation , the current state of the art in genetic engineering.

108. Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute Agricultural genetic engineering Research Institute. Historical Background.The original establishment of the Agricultural Genetic http://www.claes.sci.eg/arc/ageri.HTM

Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute Historical Background The original establishment of the Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI) in 1989 was the result of a commitment of expertise in agricultural biotechnology. At the time of its genesis, AGERI was named the National Agricultural Genetic Engineering Laboratory (NAGEL). The rapid progress of its activities during its first three years encouraged the Ministry of Agriculture to authorize the foundation of AGERI, representing phase two of the national goal for excellence in genetic engineering and biotechnology. AGERl Today The institute premises are located within the main ARC facility in Giza. AGERI has upgraded its research staff to more than 40, and is provided with excellent facilities in 14 modern labs, a biocomputing and networks unit, growth chambers and greenhouses. Goals The institute adopts recently developed technologies available worldwide and applies them to existing problems in Egyptian agriculture. The activities of AGERI insure sustainable biotechnology in Egypt by training the next generation of high caliber scientists. Their dedication is for the production of a widening array of elite crop cultivars and biotechnology based products. Products which are tailored to Egyptian agriculture's requirements are introduced.

109. Basic Principles Of Gene Cloning, Sequencing, Analysis of methods behind gene cloning, genetic engineering, DNA recombination and isolation, including discussion of restriction enzymes and ligase....... http://www.geocities.com:80/SiliconValley/5504/biochem.html

110. Genetic Engineering And Society Welcome to the. genetic engineering and Society. web site! PLANT GENETICENGINEERING METHODOLOGY (Chapter 17) Plant transformation. http://photoscience.la.asu.edu/photosyn/courses/BIO_343/

Welcome to the Genetic Engineering and Society web site! MBB 343/BIO 343 , Fall 2003, 4 credit hours Arizona State University, Main Campus Lecture: TTH 12:15-1:30, LSE 250 Lab: MTW 1:40-4:30 (MBB 343) and TH 1:40-4:30 (BIO 343) in LSE-S79 This web site contains the syllabus for the MBB 343/BIO 343 course, describes the laboratory experiments, and covers materials that will be discussed in the lecture but that have not been covered sufficiently in the required textbook (B.R. Glick and J.J. Pasternak (2003) Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA , third edition). Most of the material at this website has been compiled over the years by Wim Vermaas, a Professor in the School of Life Sciences. Instructors this year are Wim Vermaas (weeks 4-7, 12-16) and David Rhoads (weeks 1-3, 8-11). Contact information: Wim Vermaas: office location: LS-E207; phone: (480) 965-6250; Email: wim@asu.edu ; office hours for Fall 2003: M and TH 11:00-12:00. David Rhoads: office location: LS-E511; phone (480) 965-2583; Email: david.rhoads@asu.edu

111. Genetics And Society A prochoice organization working for sensible policies on genetic engineering technology. Excellent resources and links. http://www.genetics-and-society.org

112. Office Of Counterproliferation And Chemical And Biological Defense - Reports Biotechnology and genetic engineering Implications for the Developmentof New Warfare Agents 1996 All reports are currently supplied http://www.acq.osd.mil/cp/biotech96.html

Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering: Implications for the Development of New Warfare Agents - 1996 All reports are currently supplied in the Adobe Acrobat file format [PDF]. Visitors must acquire this free web-browser plug-in from Adobe's website before viewing these files, and can be obtained, by clicking here Please direct any correspondence regarding these reports to the appropriate report editor or by using our Contact Form . You can also send a report specific email to the webmaster by clicking here Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering: Implications for the Development of New Warfare Agents - 1996 Executive Summary Download Table of Contents Download Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering: Implications for the Development of New Warfare Agents Download ANNEX A: Highlights of the Biotechnology Revolution: 1953-Present Download ANNEX B: Selected Biotechnology Terms Download

113. Agricultural Biodiversity For Food And Livelihood Security And Food Sovereignty: UK Agricultural Biodiversity Coalition website. Comprehensive coverage of all issues concerning agricultural biodiversity's sustainable and equitable use, conservation, intellectual property, genetic engineering and governance. Principal CSO resource on the International Seed Treaty (ITPGRFA). http://www.ukabc.org/

UK abc Noticeboard Sustaining Agricultural Biodiversity ... abc UK abc is an activity of the UK Food Group: Bringing together Public Interest UK organisations concerned with Sustainable Use, Conservation, Benefit Sharing, Trade, Patents, Intellectual Property, Biopiracy, Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering, Biosafety and other issues related to the Equitable Use of Agricultural Biodiversity for Local Food and Livelihood Security and Food Sovereignty UK AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY COALITION Updated 1 June 2004 th ratification received by FAO on 27 th May 2004. Treaty to become law on 29 June 2004 ... Genetic Futures in Food and Farming: report on and background to London pre CBD / COP 6 Seminar on 27 March 2002 WSF IV 16 - 21 January 2004 Mumbai, India World Social Forum III Reports and Reflections in "Patrick's Postcards from Porto Alegre" UK Intellectual Property Rights Commission launches report that shows that "IPRs do not reduce poverty". ... WSSD: the Biotech Bonanza WSSD became the stage for US demands to accept biotech and GM Food Aid. More...

114. GE Food Alert Campaign Center - Home genetic engineering Online Presentation. GE Food Alert Activist Tool Kit. FarmersTake Legal Action Against Monsanto’s Genetically Engineered Wheat. http://www.sustain.org/biotech/

Other Highlights Tell Kraft to Stop the Experiment! Click here to see our NEW FLASH MOVIE. The Bt Premium Price: What Does It Buy? Resources: press release full report GMO Bt Corn Costs Farmers Resources: press release 4 page summary full report GMO Liability Threats For Farmers Read the report: PDF format Word DOC format - Read the IATP Press Release Genetic Engineering Online Presentation GE Food Alert Activist Tool Kit The EPA and Bt Crops read the report In The News Monsanto's Big Lie Exposed: Roundup Ready Soybeans Use 2-5 Times More Herbicides Than Non-GE Varieties Protests After Europe ends GM Food Freeze Percy Schmeiser, and Schmeiser Enterprises Ltd. v. Monsanto Canada Inc. GM Soya 'Miracle' Turns Sour In Argentina ... Get The Latest News Kraft Safe Food Campaign Visit our NEW website at www.krafty.org Monsanto Receives Patent on Modified Soy Beans A review by RAFI of the recent ruling by the European Patent Office (EPO) in Munich that found Monsanto holds the patent rights on all genetically-modified soy beans. Read ETC Group's press release GE Food a "Risky Business" for Kraft A new report from the Public Interest Research Group and As You Sow Foundation shows continued use of genetically engineered foods pose unnecessary financial risk to the company and its investors.

115. Critical Genetics Home Page Information about the scientific basis of genetic engineering and related aspects of biotechnology. http://www.criticalgenetics.org/

Critical Genetics Project Center for the Biology of Natural Systems NEW! UNRAVELING THE SECRET OF LIFE: DNA self-duplication, the basic precept of biotechnology, is denied by Barry Commoner GeneWatch May-June 2003 References Unraveling the DNA Myth: The Spurious Foundation of Genetic Engineering by Barry Commoner Harper's Magazine February 2002 Synopsis References A STRONG RESPONSE An Analysis of Readers' Responses to "Unraveling the DNA Myth" by Barry Commoner MORE ROSES THAN RASPBERRIES A Classification of the Responses to "Unraveling the DNA Myth" by Andreas Athanasiou Program These applications are characteristically subject to very high failure rates and, in the one area in which the results have been systematically evaluated - animal cloning - a committee of the National Academy of Sciences has concluded that "success is not a reproducible phenomenon." The ubiquitous failure to predict the outcome of transgenic experiments is evidence that the theoretical foundation of molecular genetics has not been appropriately modified in response to the discordant data. As a result, the outcome of the often massive applications of molecular genetics, for example to the trillions of individual transgenic plants grown in the United States alone, remain unpredictable and hence potentially dangerous.

116. Thirteen Myths About Genetic Engineering Thirteen myths of genetic engineering. New Zealand s Consumers for Education aboutgenetic engineering has prepared this helpful guide to genetic engineering. http://prorev.com/genetic.htm

Thirteen myths of genetic engineering New Zealand's Consumers for Education about Genetic Engineering has prepared this helpful guide to genetic engineering. Myth No. 1: Genetic engineering (GE) is not new. It is just the same as speeded-up selective breeding. FACT: Genetic engineering (GE) and conventional breeding are worlds apart. Breeding does not manipulate genes; it involves crossing of selected parents of the same or closely related species. In contrast, GE involves extracting selected genes from one organism (e.g. animals, plants, insects, bacteria) and/or viruses, or synthesising copies, and artificially inserting them into another completely different organism (eg. food crops). GE usually employs virus genes to smuggle in and promote the inserted genes, and antibiotic resistance genes to act as markers. All these inserted genes are present in every cell of the plant. Myth No. 2: Genetic engineering is precise

117. Biowatch South Africa NGO publicising, monitoring and researching issues of biological diversity, genetic engineering and sustainable livelihoods. http://www.biowatch.org.za/

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118. Page Title Jeremy Rifkin applies for patent on human gene scrambling to prevent anyone doing it for 20 years. http://www.linkny.com/~civitas/page58.html

Genetic Engineering CivAb Summer 98 issue home From the Summer 1998 issue of The Civil Abolitionist Jeremy Rifkin applies for patent on human gene scrambling This is was shocking news for anyone who has heard or read the executive director of the Foundation for Economic Trends describe the dangers inherent in transplanting genes from one species to another. It turns out, however, that the purpose of making the application was to keep gung-ho gene jugglers from grabbing the ball and running with it before they know in which direction the goalposts lie. Rifkin and Stewart Newman, a cellular biologist at New York Medical College, at Valhalla, made their joint application for a patent covering the mixing of human cells with those of other animals to create a new creature in order to create a breathing space during which the advisability of interspecies gene scrambling could receive the careful consideration its far-reaching effects warrant. "We have announced this patent will be maintained as a genetic conservancy. We will keep it on hold for 20 years, so every government has time to have thoughtful debate," Rifkin told a Vancouver Sun reporter. "A new species, part human, part animaldo we want to take this next step, or do we want to step back and say this is morally wrong?"

119. Biotechnology Introduction and Background. Overview of Biotechnology and genetic engineering;Review of Nucleic Acid and Protein Chemistry. DNA Technology http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/genetics/biotech/

Introduction and Guide Contributors Hypertextbook Menu Introduction and Background Overview of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Review of Nucleic Acid and Protein Chemistry DNA Technology: Manipulating and Characterizing Nucleic Acids Gel Electrophoresis of DNA and RNA Restriction Endonucleases and DNA Modifying Enzymes Vectors and Hosts: Plasmids, Phage and Bacteria Nucleic Acid Hybridization Polymerase Chain Reaction DNA Sequencing and DNA Synthesis Purifying and Manipulating Nucleic Acids Molecular Cloning Overview of Cloning Cloning cDNAs Cloning and Characterizing Genes Expression of Recombinant Proteins Expressing Recombinant Proteins in Bacteria Recombinant Protein Expression in Eucaryotic Cells Specific Mutagenesis Protein Engineering Applications of DNA Technology Diagnostics Vaccines Bioremediation Genetic Engineering of Plants Genetic Engineering of Animals Molecular Approaches to Evolution, Archeology and Paleontology RNA Technology Last updated on April 21, 2002 Send comments via form or email to rbowen@lamar.colostate.edu

120. GENØK Research, distribute information and offer advice in the use of genetic engineering. Includes research projects, news archive, courses and lectures, and publications. http://www.genok.org/

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