81. Family Tree DNA - We Do Genetic Tests For Your Genealogy Questions! This is our Y chromosome test which would allow us to also search for the Cohanim gene. and this can be checked using mt(dna) or mitochondrial (dna). http://www.familytreedna.com/faq.html

PRICING PROJECTS TESTIMONIALS PRIVACY FAQ ABOUT HISTORY UNEARTHED DAILY Frequently asked questions Basic questions about DNA and Genealogy are answered in this page. For additional information and any other questions, please use our DNA and Genealogy Forum Testing my DNA?!? Are you nuts?!?! What is Family Tree DNA? Why would I want to take a genetic test? ... What's in a DNA test kit? 1. What is Family Tree DNA? Our service is dedicated to helping genealogists find lost relatives when the paper trail ends and the brick wall takes its place. We use a painless cheek scraping to obtain DNA that can help accurately determine a relationship with either a 99.9% probability of YES or a 100% certainly that no near term relationship existed. 2. Why would I want to take a genetic test? Our service was created for the serious amateurs and the professional genealogists who wish to extend their family trees by confirming a link where no conventional source records exist. In some cases our tests can also be used to determine if a person is part of a larger group of people: for example, Jews will be able to confirm they are of Cohanim lineage. Our tests are also perfect for individuals who want to perform Surname-based family tree reconstruction projects.

82. Health And DNA: DNA Newsroom Recent (dna) news coverage focusing on pharmacogenetics and behavioral on the role of genetic testing in preventing drug reactions and the role of genes in our http://www.healthanddna.com/dnanews.html

Home Other Resources DNA Newsroom About Genelex ... Careers Make the decision to improve your health today. Order on-line or call to speak with a DNA Testing Consultant. DNA Newsroom A massive tug of war is shaping up over personalized medicine, and how it plays out will have profound effects on healthcare for the rest of our lives. - "A DNA Tragedy," Fortune , October 30, 2000 Genetic Predictions: Just a Swab Away A New York Times article on Prescription Drug Reaction and other Informational Genetic Testing. DNA tells your true family history A KSTP story on the Genelex ethnicity DNA test. A video clip of the coverage is in the upper right-hand corner. Give the gift that unwraps you a DNA family tree A Seattle PI article describing the perfect Christmas gift for the person who has just about everything, except a good handle on his or her prehistoric roots. We're All Cousins...Sort Of A KOMO TV story decribing how Genelex can use your DNA profile to tell you which clan of original humans you belong to. from Morning Edition, Wednesday, April 23, 2003

83. DNA Test The Fragile X (dna) Test. The fragile X mutation. Used with permission of Paul Thiessen Chemical Graphics. Within the fragile X (FMR1) gene is a stretch of repeated http://www.fragilex.org/html/dnatest.htm

Home Testing Diagnosis dnatest The Fragile X DNA Test The fragile X mutation Used with permission of Paul Thiessen Chemical Graphics Brown et al, 1996) The concept of the test Testing for the fragile X mutation is based primarily on measuring the length of the FMR1 gene region containing the CGG repeat stretch and then calculating the CGG repeat number. Analysis of the gene's methylation status (ie. whether the gene is turned 'off ' or 'on') is often performed simultaneously. Categorization of the mutation type is based on CGG repeat number and in some cases also on the methylation status of the gene. Methylation information is useful for delineating premutations from full mutations when the repeat number is intermediate (~150-250) and can have prognostic value when a full mutation is methylated in only a small percentage of cells. (For a review of fragile X analysis, see Warren et al, 1994) Southern blot analysis Polymerase Chain Reaction ( PCR Annette K. Taylor, M.S., Ph.D. Kimball Genetics, Inc. 101 University Boulevard, Suite 330 Denver, CO 80206

84. Careful Consideration Must Accompany DNA Link Tests PRA. Hence the PRA link test does not test for the PRA gene itself, being positive only for a smaller fragment of associated (dna). http://www.k9magazinefree.com/k9_perspective/iss3p15.shtml

Link tests for PRA Careful consideration must accompany DNA link tests IN recent years animal breeders witnessed the arrival of DNA link tests. These tests were received with mixed reactions. Some breeders preferred to welcome the new technology, accepting any result obtained in good faith while expressing relief that heritable disease may soon be eliminated from the breed. Other breeders rejected link tests and proclaimed an age-old truth; that a good breeder will keep heritable disease at a minimum through careful mate selection. Both reactions to link testing represent extremes of opinion and are responses that arise naturally when information is either lacking or difficult to digest. The fact that link tests do not test for a particular gene or disease is the most common cause of confusion among dog breeders and needs clarification. Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is a late onset disease affecting many dog breeds and produces retinal damage culminating with total blindness. At some point in canine ancestry a gene that was critical for the development of normal retina (this gene hereafter referred to as the ancestral gene) mutated. The mutation probably occurred in a single animal although similar mutations may have happened throughout history. The mutation in itself was not life threatening and produced no ill effects either in its founder or immediate progeny. Some progeny did of course carry this gene and it may have been many generations before two mutant genes were paired in a mating between two carriers ... the outcome being a dog that expressed PRA and became blind.

85. Mythunderstanding DNA Tests 1. If I send samples on my dogs for (dna) testing to a clubsponsored program, someone connected with the club might leak information about my dogs genes. http://www.jabed.com/mythunderstanding.htm

var TlxPgNm='mythunderstanding'; Mythunderstanding DNA Tests MYTHUNDERSTANDING DNA TESTS By C. A. Sharp * (reprinted here with C.A.'s permission) Genetics used to be an arcane little science that took up very little of our time once we got through high-school biology. Even those nonscientists who dealt with it from time to time, like dog breeders, didn't concern themselves with learning much beyond simple Mendelian traits, like how to get red merles or how not to get hemophilia. And you never had to pay for it. In recent years the explosion of genetic knowledge and technology has brought genetic science front and center, providing a variety of products and services that touch the lives and pocketbooks of the general public. Dog breeders find themselves faced with decisions on whether or not to have their dogs DNA tested for various things. Those letters DNA are uttered regularly on news programs and are likely to turn up almost anywhere in your daily newspaper, with the possible exception of the real estate section. The problem with all the mass media coverage and subsequent word-of-mouth between people who suddenly find themselves (or their dogs) personally connected with the subject, is that misinformation and misunderstandings abound. This article is an attempt to dispel some of the misunderstandings which have surfaced among Australian Shepherd people.

86. UCHSC DNA Diagnostic Laboratory Links and Familes Information about Myotonic Dystrophy and genetic testing. Your Genes Your Health A site with information and describes UCHSC (dna) Diagnostic Lab Home. http://www.uchsc.edu/sm/peds/dnalab/links.htm

UCHSC DNA Diagnostic Laboratory Links General Information on Genetic Testing Fragile X Syndrome Huntington's Disease Myotonic Dystrophy ... MCAD and LCHAD deficiency General Information on Genetic Testing Understanding Gene Testing This site provides basic information geared to the general public about gene testing and key genetic concepts. This booklet also provides answers to a number of frequently asked questions about the science, potential benefits, and potential risks of gene testing. Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute and the National Center for Human Genome Research Alliance of Genetic Support Groups The Alliance of Genetic Support Groups is a non-profit organization dedicated to helping individuals and families who have genetic disorders. This site has a comprehensive directory of genetic support groups. Genetic Support Groups Online and other Health Related WWW Sites Lots of links NCBI Genes and Disease Webpage An informative overview of genetic diseases produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Genetics Home Reference: Your guide to understanding genetic conditions Genetics Home Reference: Your guide to understanding genetic testing A helpful overview describing genetic diseases and genetic testing created by the U.S. National Library of Medicine

87. ACS :: New DNA Test Aids In Early Detection Of Colon Cancer Although the APC gene test along with other stool (dna) tests may be marketed as early as 2004, more studies are needed to look at a large number of people to http://www.cancer.org/docroot/NWS/content/NWS_1_1x_New_DNA_Test_Aids_in_Early_De

Home Community Get Involved Donate ... Search GetRandomImage("headerImage", "jpg", 121, 77, 30); My Planner Register Sign In A new screening test taking a sample from a person's stool has been developed to find colon cancer genes in the very earliest stages of the disease. ACS News Today Medical Updates News You Can Use Stories of Hope ... I Want to Help Help in the fight against cancer. Donate and volunteer. It's easy and fun! Learn more New DNA Test Aids in Early Detection of Colon Cancer Article date: A new screening test taking a sample from a person's stool has been developed to find colon cancer genes in the very earliest stages of the disease. Not ready for mass market yet, the test could eventually change how people are screened for colon cancer. The American Cancer Society estimates that in 2002 there will be about 107,300 new cases of colon cancer and 41,000 new cases of rectal cancer in the US. Colon cancer will cause about 48,100 deaths and rectal cancer about 8,500 deaths this year. Doctors have always relied on blood in the stool as the first sign of colorectal cancer. In the last few years, scientists have been looking for ways to detect problems by using stool DNA to test for colorectal cancer. In recent studies, these tests found gene mutations that appeared late in the cancer's development. They could find about 70% of the malignancies (cancer) this way.

88. The Health Network - Your Complete Online Health Centre Genetic testing is the examination of the (dna) structure to detect mutations or presence of specific abnormal genes which are known to be associated with http://www.healthnetwork.com.au/search-display.php?cat=tests&id=81

89. Dna Repeating the (dna) profile on the same sample of (dna) being used to carry out the gene test would be straightforward and prove conclusively that the correct http://www.inkabijou.co.uk/dna4.htm

What is DNA Profiling? An Explanation by Dr Jeff Sampson. Buried within the DNA of each and every individual is a special DNA signature that can be used to uniquely identify that individual. DNA profiling is the name given to the technique that has been developed to reveal this DNA signature. Initially, DNA-based approaches to identifying individuals were pioneered in humans, but the same technology has easily been transposed to the dog. Nowadays, special sequences found in DNA called microsatellites are used to build up this DNA signature. Microsatellites have become the system of choice for DNA profiling and genetic testing in humans. The US Armed Forces, FBI, Scotland Yard, The Royal Canadian Mounted Police and multiple forensic laboratories use microsatellites for their forensic, paternity and individual identification tests. The reasons that have made them come to the fore in humans are the very reasons that currently make them the system of choice for dogs. The technique essentially involves preparing a DNA sample from an individual dog. For this we need to obtain some tissue from the dog in order to prepare the DNA. The ideal source of material would be a

90. New DNA Test Catches Colon Cancer One of these is called (dna) methylation, he explained. According to Widschwendter, earlier fecal (dna) tests for colorectal cancer have looked at gene mutations. http://www.khnl.com/Global/story.asp?S=1791699

91. CBS News | Breaking The Code | March 5, 2003 09:11:19 fuel. Ultimately, thanks to the decoding of (dna), we will all follow the path of baby Allison Upchurch. We will take our athome gene tests, unlock the secrets http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/03/04/sunday/main542739.shtml

Home U.S. Iraq World ... FREE CBS News Video March 5, 2003 09:11:19 The Early Show CBS Evening News 48 Hours 60 Minutes ... Section Front E-mail This Story Printable Version Breaking The Code March 1, 2003 (Photo: CBS/AP) (CBS) It may look like Marty Schiff was brushing his teeth in the privacy of his Pittsburgh kitchen, but he was testing his DNA. "When I opened it, there were two swabs in it with instructions," says Schiff. Instructions from a DNA test kit he ordered by mail. "They have you roll the swabs along your inside cheek for 20 times each and let them air dry," says Schiff. He was testing for a genetic disorder called Hemochromatosis, which can cause the body to store lethal amounts of iron. The company that makes these kits, Healthcheck USA, will report the results to him, not to his doctor and not to his insurance company. I like the fact that I can do it at home. I'm in control. I don't have to get a doctor's permission to get the genetic test," says Schiff. "You do it and you send it back. And you'll get your results mailed directly to you after that." Donna Upchurch tested her baby Allison with a do-it-yourself gene test. When Allison was born, Donna was offered a newborn screening kit and on a whim, did the test and mailed it in.

92. Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) There are several recognized forms of PRA some of which now have (dna) gene or marker tests. Mastiffs now have a (dna) gene test. These http://mastiff.org/exhibit-hall/health/pra.mv

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) Mastiffs DNA Tested Clear of PRA MCOA PRA Committee DNA Testing Recommendation It is the recommendation of the MCOA PRA Committee that prior to breeding both the sire and dam be proven free of the dominant Mastiff PRA gene mutation either by DNA test or having both parents proven free of the gene. For example, a Mastiff is proven clear of the PRA gene if: both parents are DNA tested clear or, both of the sire's parents are DNA tested clear and the dam is DNA tested clear or, both of the dam's parents are DNA tested clear and the sire is DNA tested clear or, all four grandparents are DNA tested clear or, ... MCOA PRA DNA Test Clinics Would your club be interested in holding a Mastiff PRA DNA Testing Clinic? OptiGen is offering a 20% group discount when 20 or more samples are submitted for testing at one time. If you want to put on a clinic please print and read the Checklist for PRA DNA Testing Clinics . For the latest on current OptiGen discounts please go their website by clicking on the link above. Mastiffs Providing Model for Human Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) The June 2002 issue of DVM News Magazine www.dvmnewsmagazine.com

93. HNPCC Is there a blood test ((dna) or gene test) for HNPCC? Mutations (alterations) of one of five genes are now known to be responsible for most cases of HNPCC. http://www.coloncancer.org/HCCR_files/hnpcc.htm

Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) (also called Lynch syndrome, or Cancer family syndrome) HNPCC is a condition in which the tendency to develop colorectal cancer is inherited. "Nonpolyposis" means that colorectal cancer can occur when only a small number of polyps are present (or polyps are not present at all). In families with HNPCC, cancer usually occurs on the right side of the colon. It often occurs at a younger age than colorectal cancer, which is not inherited. Other cancers can occur in these families, including cancer of the uterus, ovaries, stomach, urinary tract, small bowel and bile ducts. How is HNPCC inherited? People with HNPCC have a 50% chance of passing the HNPCC gene to each of their children. The gene can be passed on even if the parent has had surgery to remove his or her own colon. Individuals who do not inherit the gene cannot pass it to their own children. The vast majority of individuals with HNPCC develop cancer. Some individuals with HNPCC do not have an affected parent. These individuals, who are the first to have the condition, are referred to as having a new mutation (newly altered gene). They can, however, pass this HNPCC gene to their children. Genetic counseling is available, and recommended, for individuals with HNPCC and their family members. Genetic counselors will explain the inheritance pattern of HNPCC, discuss which family members are at-risk for developing the condition and provide necessary information regarding genetic testing. Counseling services are available through genetic and oncology departments in many hospitals. Also, it is recommended that HNPCC families contact registries for access to resources and for help with identification of at risk family members.

94. DNA Testing In this hazy future, techniques to test for all mutations in all genes may be required to overcome that hurdle and make (dna) testing more generally applicable. http://www.lsuhsc.edu/no/centers/genetics/hereditaryhealing/article_DNAtesting.h

95. Health Issues This report will concentrate mainly on the introduction of (dna) tests that identify a specific gene defect, but will offer general advice on the possible ways http://www.the-kennel-club.org.uk/health_issues/health_issues_content.asp?ID=202

96. NEJM -- Sign In Detection of APC mutations in fecal (dna) from patients with colorectal tumors. Full Text; Wade N. New gene test may provide early signs of colon cancer. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/346/24/1912

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97. Equine Blood Typing And Research Laboratory E locus The Extension locus is another gene related to color, and and thus will always have offspring with black points, a (dna)based test is available. http://www.uky.edu/Agriculture/VetScience/EBT.HTM

Department of Veterinary Science Equine Parentage Verification and Research Laboratory The Equine Parentage Verification and Research Lab offers a variety of services to horse owners and individual breed registries. The laboratory participates in international comparison tests to assess its accuracy and ability to detect rare bloodtype variants; this assures the quality of its results. Since its establishment in 1986, the lab has consistently maintained its status as one of the top three bloodtyping labs in the world. Our staff are directly accessible to help answer questions regarding sample submission, confirm receipt of samples and answer questions regarding parentage problems. Although we maintain an excellent turn around time throughout the year, it is advisable to submit samples prior to the very busy months of September to December. To avoid resampling, ship the blood sample as soon after collection as possible, and early in the week. If a delay in shipment is necessary, refrigerate the sample, but do not freeze it or keep it in direct contact with ice packs.

98. Method Quickly Surveys Yeast Genome By Gene Function, Not Sequence mixed more than 4,600 yeast mutants, each lacking a different gene, and put the pooled mutants in an environment that tested their ability to repair (dna). http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2001-12/jhmi-mqs122401.php

Public release date: 24-Dec-2001 Contact: Joanna Downer jdowner1@jhmi.edu Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Method quickly surveys yeast genome by gene function, not sequence Combining a decade of research advances, scientists have implemented a new method that essentially searches the entire yeast genome in an instant, looking for what the genes do rather than what they look like, say the researchers from Johns Hopkins and Rosetta Inpharmatics, Inc. The scientists mixed more than 4,600 yeast mutants, each lacking a different gene, and put the pooled mutants in an environment that tested their ability to repair DNA. They were then able to sort out how each mutant performed by using microarray technology, according to the report in the Dec. 21 issue of the journal Science. Amounting to a "functional" microarray, these experimental steps marry classical genetics, which was used initially to identify many of the genes, with high-tech genomics, whose goal is determining the function of genes, say the researchers. "The sequence of the yeast genome is available and the human genome is in draft form, so now there's a big push to figure out what the genes do," says Jef Boeke, Ph.D., D.Sc., professor of molecular biology and genetics at Johns Hopkins. "We tested DNA repairing ability, but we can use this method to identify genes involved in many other cellular processes. It should dramatically speed our efforts to understand genes' functions."

99. GeneTests Home Page Funded by NIH, HRSA, and DOE. 05/11/04. 247. GeneReviews. 1 110. Clinics. 605. Laboratories testing for. 1 053. Diseases. 710 Clinical. 343 Research only. Average Daily Hits. GeneReviews. 4 797. Laboratory Directory. 15 734 International directory of genetic testing laboratories. Clinic Directory about genetic counseling or testing should contact their healthcare http://www.genetests.org/

Funded by NIH, HRSA, and DOE GeneReviews Clinics Laboratories testing for Diseases 711 Clinical 340 Research only Average Daily Hits GeneReviews Laboratory Directory More usage statistics (For Authors, Reviewers, Laboratory/Clinic Contacts) Welcome to the GeneTests Web site, a publicly funded medical genetics information resource developed for physicians, other healthcare providers, and researchers, available at no cost to all interested persons. Use of this Web site assumes acceptance of the Direct questions to genetests@genetests.org At This Site GeneReviews Online publication of expert-authored disease reviews Laboratory Directory International directory of genetic testing laboratories Clinic Directory International directory of genetics and prenatal diagnosis clinics Educational Materials Illustrated glossary About genetic services PowerPoint slide presentations What's New New Features New Service Listings in the Clinic Directory PowerPoint Slide Show: GeneReviews Links to Laboratory Web Sites GeneReviews Author List Printable Resources New in GeneReviews New Lab Listings 14 new listings GeneTests is a supplement to and not a substitute for medical advice. Patients with specific questions about genetic counseling or testing should contact their healthcare provider or a genetics clinic.

100. The DNA Files - Learn More - Genes & Identity GeneWatch Jonathan Marks and Brett Lee Shelton argue it is inappropriate in either science or law to use (dna) tests to prove tribal Whose Genes Are They Anyway http://www.dnafiles.org/resources/res05.html

Radio Programs Evolution and Human Diversity However similar or different we may be, your own DNA is unique - like a biological bar code. Scan our section on to find out how the local authorities can use your DNA to figure out if you're the culprit - or the father. Ethics Eugenics , and Last Updated: March 2003 Radio Programs (first distributed in November 2001) (first distributed in November 1998) (first distributed in November 1998) Back to Top On the Web Race Without Color Discover In this brief but cogent 1994 essay, physiology professor and best selling author Jared Diamond ( The Third Chimpanzee Germs, Guns and Steel ) explains that there are more genetic differences between individuals than there are among "racial" groups. Long Foreground . Washington State University You will find good introductions to the evolution of humans and other primates in this study module designed for an introductory course in World Civilizations Genetic Variation Illuminates Murky Human History The Scientist , July 2000 This article discusses research approaches of molecular anthropologists using DNA markers to chart human evolution and migration. Discover why this work is controversial.

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