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         Gene Testing (dna):     more detail
  1. Gene Blues: Dilemmas of a DNA Testing (Video Tape: 30 Minutes with Booklet) by Mark Dworkin, Melissa Young, 1997
  2. Advances and opportunities in DNA-based testing methods: Gene probes (Business opportunity report) by Barbara Breindel, 1996
  3. Does It Run in the Family?: A Consumer's Guide to DNA Testing for Genetic Disorders by Doris Teichler-Zallen, Doris Teichler Zallen, 1997-06
  4. Twenty nuclear DNA polymorphisms in a Moroccan population: a comparison with seven other human populations.: An article from: Human Biology by A. Fernandez-Santander, M. Kandil, et all 2002-10-01
  5. The gene scene: generating interest in biotech.(Chemfusion): An article from: Canadian Chemical News by Joe Schwarcz, 2005-02-01
  6. Genetic drift: the study of human genes has sparked a resurgence of debate about the true nature of race.: An article from: Colorlines Magazine by Ziba Kashef, 2007-09-01
  7. Comparison of populations as a function of confidence intervals of gene probability.: An article from: Human Biology by M. Sanchez, E. Arroyo-Pardo, 2002-10-01
  8. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of gene flow among six populations of collared lizards (Crotaphytus collaris) in west central Texas.: An article from: The Texas Journal of Science by James H. Campbell, J. Kelly McCoy, 2002-05-01
  9. Genicon, German firm market DNA nanochip: biotech; nanoparticles replace traditional means of tagging Gene material.(Brief Article): An article from: San Diego Business Journal by Marion Webb, 2002-08-05
  10. PYROSEQUENCING'S DNA TECHNOLOGY TO IDENTIFY TYPE 2 GENE.(type 2 diabetes)(Brief Article): An article from: Biotech Equipment Update
  11. Principles of Genome Analysis: A Guide to Mapping and Sequencing DNA from Different Organisms by S. B. Primrose, 1998-01
  12. Genetic testing: An entry from Thomson Gale's <i>Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health</i> by L. Fleming, Jr., MD, DrPH Fallon, 2002
  13. Clinical Trials of Genetic Therapy with Antisense DNA and DNA Vectors

41. Cyndi's List - Genetics, DNA & Family Health
gene Tree (dna) testing Center (dna) analysis and counseling for researching biological relationships. (dna)Print Genomics; (dna) Security, Inc.
http://www.cyndislist.com/dna.htm
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Cyndi's List The BOOK!

2nd Edition
2 Volumes Netting Your Ancestors Genealogy Bookstore
In association with Amazon.com Ancestry Magazine Genealogical.com GPC and Clearfield Company Genealogy Warehouse Submit a New Link Report a Broken Link Update a Link
    General Resource Sites
    • Article by Candace L. Doriott in Ancestry Magazine.
    • An article by Donn Devine.
    • Find out how science can help solve historical riddles that have long perplexed historians, and how history can offer cautionary tales about the promise of science.
    • Support US military DNA testing capabilities for human remains.
    • Cartoon from the New Yorker magazine.
    • Various products based on your individual DNA patterns.

42. Lowe Syndrome - DNA Analysis
Molecular genetic testing for the Lowe Syndrome OCRL1 gene is available at the Baylor (dna) Diagnostic Laboratory. Symptomatic males
http://www.bcmgeneticlabs.org/tests/dna/lowe.html
LOWE SYNDROME
DNA ANALYSIS
See also: Phosphatidylinositol-4,5- Bisphoshate Phosphatase - Biochemical Analysis Open Page in New Window Print This Page Return to Search ...
Recommended Flowchart for Lowe Syndrome Diagnostic Testing
Reasons for Referral:
  • Lowe Syndrome DNA testing for individuals with phenotypic features. Unusual phenotypes (such as Lowe syndrome in a female) should be discussed in advance. Carrier testing in females with a definite family history of Lowe Syndrome (in conjunction with a careful ophthalmological examination). Prenatal diagnosis in families with an identified mutation in the gene. Note: Prenatal biochemical enzymatic testing on male fetuses can be performed in cases where a familial mutation has not been identified.
Testing Methodology:
Patient genomic DNA will undergo mutation analysis of exons 10-18 and 19-23 of the OCRL1 gene, a region containing ~93% of identified mutations. Male patients will be analyzed by PCR-based automated fluorescent sequence analysis in both the forward and reverse orientations. If a mutation is identified in the male proband, additional relatives can be sequenced for the familial mutation. DNA sequencing has a detection rate of ~99% and remains the DNA test of choice. In the absence of a male proband, carrier testing on high-risk females can be performed by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) analysis, that has a lower estimated detection rate (~95%).

43. The Gene Letter By GeneSage - Archives
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (dna) testing. a naturallyoccurring repeat of a short nucleotide sequence (CTG) in the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene.
http://www.genesage.com/professionals/geneletter/05-01-00/journalwatch/dm.html

NEW REVIEWS
GENELETTER
ARCHIVES

All GeneLetter Resources Discussions Surveys
May 15, 2000
JOURNAL WATCH REVIEW Myotonic dystrophy type 1 DNA testing The most common form of myotonic dystrophy (DM1) results from the expansion of a naturally-occurring repeat of a short nucleotide sequence (CTG) in the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene. However, several additional myotonic dystrophy syndromes have been described that do not involve this gene. These include proximal myotonic myopathy (PROMM), proximal myotonic dystrophy (PDM), and myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2). Attendees of the International Myotonic Dystrophy Consortium Conference (IMDCC) held in April 1999 decided to refer to these disorders collectively as the "myotonic dystrophies," and to name the genetic loci DM1, DM2, etc. - the group provides guidelines for DM testing in a recent paper Molecular diagnosis of DM1 is based on measurement of the size of the CTG repeat expansion. Five to 35 CTG repeats occur in the general population; 35-49 repeats places an individual at risk for developing DM1; and more than 50 CTG repeats correlates with the disorder. The IMDCC made recommendations on various testing scenarios, including testing symptomatic individuals to arrive at a clinical diagnosis, presymptomatic testing, testing of minors, and prenatal testing. Finally, the IMDCC stressed the importance of maintaining confidentiality of genetic information and respecting the rights of individuals on how their DNA is used for future testing.

44. Ethics News & Views: Ethical Implications Of Gene Testing
others. A genetic disorder can be found by looking at a person s (dna) at the molecular level. This is known as gene testing. Currently
http://ethics.emory.edu/news/archives/000151.html
Igniting the Moral Imagination of Twenty-First Century Leaders Main
June 01, 2001
Ethical implications of gene testing
What exactly do we know from the Human Genome Project ? Up until now, the project has resulted in sequencing the DNA of a majority of the human genetic code. While the DNA sequence may have the capacity to tell us all the physical and possibly even behavioral characteristics of a person, we are not yet able to glean this information from a person's DNA. In other words, the human genetic code has not been cracked completely. Currently, we know the function of only a small percentage of the estimated 30,000 genes in the human genome. Before we try to discover the function of every gene, we need to prepare for the implications that will result, especially regarding gene testing in the medical field. Disorders such as cystic fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, or Huntington's disease are a result of genetic defects. Scientists have found the mutated genes that cause these diseases and others. A genetic disorder can be found by looking at a person's DNA at the molecular level. This is known as gene testing. Currently, there is a fairly short list of hereditary genetic diseases that have an associated gene test, but the list has the potential to become very long. Gene testing can be used in many different situations. For example, each individual has two copies of each gene, one from the mother and one from the father. In some cases, a person needs two "bad" copies of a gene to have the disease, while a person with only one "bad" copy, a carrier, does not have the disease. When two people decide to have a child, their DNA can be tested to determine if they are carriers. The results can predict if their future child has a chance of getting two "bad" copies of a gene, causing a genetic disease. A child can also be tested for genetic diseases right after birth. Another possible application is the screening of

45. FRAGILE X TESTING, DNA ANALYSIS
SYNONYMS FMR1 gene Mutation Analysis, RFLP Analysis TEST INCLUDES Southern blot analysis using a polymorphic (dna) probe specific for the FMR-1 gene.
http://healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/labtests/clinical/f/fxdna.cfm
UVa Medical Laboratories Handbook Anatomic Pathology Clinical Pathology Site Index Search this site:
FRAGILE X TESTING, DNA ANALYSIS
TEST CODE: FXDNA CPT CODE:
SYNONYMS:
FMR-1 Gene Mutation Analysis, RFLP Analysis
TEST INCLUDES:
Southern blot analysis using a polymorphic DNA probe specific for the FMR-1 gene.
LABORATORY:
Molecular Pathology
SPECIMEN:
Lavender Top (EDTA)
MINIMUM VOLUME:
5 mL blood
AVAILABILITY:
By consultation only
TURNAROUND TIME:
4 weeks
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS:
This test is appropriate for testing of affected individuals, carrier testing and prenatal diagnosis. Contact the Office of Clinical Laboratory Services (982-1898) or the Division of Clinical Genetics (924-2665).
REFERENCE RANGE:
UVa Medical Laboratories Handbook UVa Health System PO Box 800168 Charlottesville , VA 22908 fax: 434-982-1880 For comments and suggestions about this page: calamity@virginia.edu Last Modified: 04/28/2003 of the University of Virginia About This Site

46. Paternity Testing, Dna Paternity Testing, Dna Florida Paternity Testing
paternity relationship tests. Completely reliable athome (dna) gene Tests for legal and private use. Free (dna) Paternity Test Kits
http://www.healthinquire.com/paternity-testing.html
Topics to inquire for paternity testing, dna paternity testing, dna florida paternity testing, prenatal paternity testing
Dna paternity testing Dna florida paternity testing Prenatal paternity testing Florida paternity testing ... Georgia paternity testing
Inquire for paternity testing research and paternity testing portal List:
Free DNA Paternity Test Kits At Genetree

Order your free home specimen collection kit for fast and accurate results guaranteed. DNA paternity testing for legal purposes are provided through an AABB and CLIA certified lab. Paternity Experts-$149 DNA Testing
Affordable ($149), accurate (AABB, reliable (BBB Member) personal paternity and DNA testing. Quick turnaround: 3-5 days. Free shipping. Let our scientific staff help you. DNA Testing Kits
Links to DNA and genetic testing kit suppliers, resources, and information. DNA Paternity Testing - Get Results Fast
Determine paternity with Identigene. Patented system that was developed specifically for paternity testing with results accepted by courts in the U.S. and abroad. Over 99.999% Accurate.
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Order your free home specimen collection kit for fast and accurate results guaranteed. DNA paternity testing for legal purposes are provided through an AABB and CLIA certified lab.

47. DNA Chip - Genetic Testing Of The Future
diseasecausing gene. Some of the scanning methods include nucleotide sequencing, tests of molecular phenotype, protein truncation, and just recently (dna) chip
http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/mcclean/plsc431/students99/althoff.htm
DNA Chip - Genetic Testing of the Future
Lisa Althoff
Many, if not most diseases, have their roots in our genes. Genes, through the proteins they encode, determine how efficiently we process foods, how effectively we detoxify poisons, and how vigorously we respond to infections. In the past 20 years, amazing new techniques have allowed scientists to learn a great deal about how genes work and how they are linked to disease. This rapid pace of discovery of genetic factors, responsible for certain diseases, has allowed scientists to genetically test asymptomatic individuals and predict their risk of certain diseases. In this paper, I am going to discuss the following areas pertaining to the topic of genetic testing:
  • The definition and purpose of genetic testing
  • Distinguishing major testing techniques with particular interest in the DNA chip
  • Ethical considerations regarding genetic testing, explaining views on both sides
  • Public policy pertaining to genetic testing and the use of the DNA chip and
  • My personal opinion regarding the use of the DNA chip.

48. The Observer | UK News | Gene Test To Help You Beat Death Sparks Row On Ethics
The inside of the mouth is full of (dna) and dead It was later discovered that this same gene was also stop a simple form of lifestyle genetic testing made by
http://observer.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,6903,877779,00.html
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The Guardian Front page Story index Gene test to help you beat death sparks row on ethics Critics want to regulate an American test that may reveal how you will die - and so how to defuse your own genetic timebomb, reports Antony Barnett

49. Lark Technologies :: Genetic Stability Testing, Dna Preparation, Rna Preparation
genetic stability testing is used to analyze a PCR and RTPCR • Confirmatory (dna) Sequencing • Restriction the integrity of the gene expression plasmid for
http://www.lark.com/services/genetic_stability.html
Overview Technical Information Quote Request
Genetic Stability Testing
Lark offers genetic stability testing to characterize Master Cell Banks (MCB), Working Cell Banks (WCB), and End of Production Cells (EPC) from bacterial, yeast, and cell cultures.
Genetic stability testing is used to analyze a production strain's stability. Specifically, it demonstrates that the expression system has not undergone any mutations or rearrangements that would affect the integrity of the product. Bacterial and Yeast Cell Banks
Cell Culture Cell Banks

Gene Therapy Products

Genetically Modified Crop/Plant Analysis

Services
Bacterial and Yeast Cell Banks (return to top)
Cell Culture Cell Banks (return to top)
Lark provides sequence verification by direct analysis of RT-PCR fragments targeting the appropriate mRNA for the MCB as well as the WCB and EPC. Southern blot analysis is also performed to confirm the stability of chromosome inserted expression cassettes.

50. DNA Diagnostics URLs, NVMBC
genetic testing and pathology products Contact Us at 1800-848-I(dna) genetic testing gene testing Discovery Health (dna) sciences VetGen - References
http://www.arc.losrios.edu/~biotech/links/topicseries/diagnostic/diagnosticDNA_u
DNA Diagnostics URLs
Sept 1, 2003 URL Index edu gov com Back to Diagnostic Biotech Topic Index Back to SERIES INDEX Biotech methods for detection and analysis of DNA are used increasingly in a wide variety of fields for genetic testing of humans, livestock and pets, crop plants and microbes. The applications include genetic counseling for inherited genetic disorders, detection of microbial diseases, identification of corpses at disaster scenes, and more efficient breeding of crop plants and livestock. edu [jump down to next section] [back to TOP of this page] Cancer Genetic Counseling Program, Yale Cancer Center Disowning Knowledge: Issues in Genetic Testing, R Wachbroit, Maryland School of Public Affairs ... Video Tapes, Univ California SF gov [jump down to next section] [back to TOP of this page] DNA and Parentage Blood Testing, US Dept State Genetic Testing/Counseling, MedLINEplus, US National Library of Medicine ... What are the uses of genetic testing?, Access Excellence com [jump down to next section] [back to TOP of this page] Applera Corporation Celera Diagnostics ... BioExchange.com Directory - Biotechnology Industry Resources, International, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Genomics, Bioinformatics, Proteomics

51. Glossary
gene, or distinctive segments of (dna). gene mapping determining the relative positions of genes on a chromosome and the distance between them. gene testing
http://www.health.ri.gov/genetics/glossary.htm
HEALTHri Rhode Island Department of Health Genetics Core Team
3 Capitol Hill, Providence, Rhode Island, 02908
Sharon Marable, MD, MPH
Assistant Medical Director, Disease Prevention and Control Leonard Green, MPS Chief, Vital Records Genetics Homepage About Genetics Ethical Issues Genetic Counseling ... HEALTH Genetics Committees
Rhode Island Department of Health Genetics Website
Glossary
Alleles variant forms of the same gene. Different alleles produce variations in inherited characteristics such as eye color or blood type. Alzheimer's disease: a disease that causes memory loss, personality changes, dementia and, ultimately, death. Not all cases are inherited, but genes have been found for familial forms of Alzheimer's disease. Amino acid: any of a class of 20 molecules that combine to form proteins in living things. Base pairs: the two complementary, nitrogen-rich molecules held together by weak chemical bonds. Two strands of DNA are held together in the shape of a double helix by the bonds between their base pairs. (See Chemical base.) BRCA1 breast cancer susceptibility gene: a mutated version of the BRCA1 gene, which predisposes a person toward developing breast and ovarian cancer.

52. DNA Diagnosis And SMA
Hence, SMN gene deletion testing cannot be used to to the complexities of the SMA locus, carrier testing is only This means that (dna) from an affected member of
http://www.fsma.org/dnadiag.shtml
DNA Diagnosis and SMA
Arthur H.M. Burghes, Ph.D.

Associate Professor of Neurology and Director of the Neurogenetics Laboratory
Ohio State University Recently, three chromosome 5 probes that detect deletions in autosomal recessive proximal Spinal Muscular Atrophy were reported. Two of these probes detect the same deletion (missing piece) which is observed in approximately 50% of Type I patients.
The third probe, called Spinal Motor Neuron (SMN), was isolated by Judith Melki's group in France. SMN detects the absence of sequences in approximately 90-94% of SMA patients but is generally not absent in normal individuals, making this probe very useful for diagnosis of SMA.
However, deletion of these sequences occurs indistinguishably in all three types of autosomal recessive SMA (Types 1, 11, and 111). Therefore, this probe cannot be used to indicate the severity of the disease. Indeed, in some rare families, two siblings can both have deletions of SMN, but in one case, the symptoms can be relatively typical of Type 11 or III SMA, whereas the other sibling will be considerably milder or even clinically normal.
The reason for this variation is not clear at the present time, but it indicates that SMN gene testing should be used in conjunction with clinical examination and EMG testing.

53. The Success Story Of Gene Tests
would be the largest and most ambitious (dna) testing program ever to identify carriers of the mutated gene and a information about the disease and testing to the
http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/08_01/Tay_Sachs_gene_tests.shtml
Home About Topics Subscribe The Success Story of Gene Tests After 30 years, the Tay-Sachs screening program has lessons to share By Julie Buckles
August 20, 2001
Sex, money and children are the kinds of issues young couples deal with. In his premarital counseling sessions, Rabbi Julian Cook raises another: testing for Tay-Sachs disease.
View larger

"It doesn't take up a lot of our conversation," says Cook, of the Central Synagogue of Nassau County in New York. "But because we are a special population, my role is to impress upon Jewish couples of childbearing age the importance of being tested." In Jewish communities around the world, couples are urged to take the Tay-Sachs blood test before deciding to have children. Now 30 years old, carrier screening for Tay-Sachs is the longest-running, population-based program designed to prevent a lethal genetic disease. Screening has reduced the number of Tay-Sachs cases in the U.S. and Canada by 90 percent. "This is

54. OnTheWeb.com: Dna Testing
relationship tests. Completely reliable athome (dna) gene Tests for legal and private use. (dna)genetesting.com - See Also (dna) Tests.
http://www.ontheweb.com/s/dna-testing.html
Home Search Results Web Categories:
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Gifts Apparel Jewelry ... Mortgages Featured Links:
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Only Web Search Results: dna testing (page 1) Related Keywords: Buccal Forensic Genetic Genetics ... Swab Refine: Child Support Dna Heredity Testing Dna Paternity Testing Genetic Testing ... Paternity Testing Books: Dna Testing Toolbox
Books: Dna Topoisomerases In Cancer
Books: Actual Innocence : Five Days To Executio Add Your Site Related Product Matches - Dna Testing Books shop.ontheweb.com Genetree Dna Testing Center And Lab Order your free specimen collection kit. Fast and accurate results guaranteed. DNA paternity testing for legal purposes in court are provided through an AABB and CLIA certified lab. www.genetree.com - See Also: Dna Paternity Dna Testing Solutions Legal, fast and confidential DNA testing worldwide. AABB accredited results. Accurate

55. DNA LABORATORY RESOURCE LIST
(dna) testing for specific genetic disorders. Anne Maddalena, PhD, (dna) Diagnostic Lab genetics and IVF Institute Fairfax, VA 22031, 1800-654-gene, mutation analysis
http://www.cpdx.com/cpdx/dnalabs.htm
RESOURCE LIST FOR DNA DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
Sites that provide information about the availability of DNA testing at specific laboratories
HELIX - a national registry of DNA diagnostic laboratories.
Voice:206-528-2689
Fax:206-528-2687
e mail:maxhelix@u.washington.edu
Commercial laboratories providing DNA diagnostic testing for a large variety of relatively common genetic disorders
Contact the following labs for a list of the genetic disorders for which they provide DNA testing
Kleberg DNA Diagnostic Laboratory Genetics and IVF DNA Diagnostic Laboratory Integrated Genetics/Genzyme DNA Diagnostic Laboratory Penn Medical Center Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory Boston University Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory Athena Diagnostics, Inc (molecular diagnosis of neurogenetic disorders)
DNA testing for specific genetic disorders
DISORDER
CONTACT NAME
MAILING ADDRESS
VOICE
FAX
EMAIL
SPECIAL NOTES
Achondroplasia
Anne Maddalena, PhD

56. PRA DNA Test Developed
2. they have developed a (dna) test for Type A PRA. OptiGen will do the testing. Dysplasia (“pd”) probably represents at least 2 different gene defects that
http://amsc.us/pra-dna.html
American Miniature Schnauzer Club, Inc.
DNA Test For Type A Miniature Schnauzer PRA Report of the Eye Committee Margaret Pratt, Chairman True to his word that the Baker Institute would continue working on Miniature Schnauzer PRA, Dr. Aguirre surprised us with an email on September 8, 2000, advising that they have found a gene mutation that causes one form they have developed a DNA test for Type A PRA. John Hoffman and I then had conference calls on September 29, 2000, with Dr. Aguirre and with Dr. Jeannette Felix, in order to obtain further details. Dr. Felix heads OptiGen, a genetics testing laboratory that offers testing licensed from Cornell. OptiGen will do the testing. Type A Miniature Schnauzer PRA pd pd for the form of PRA that it has identified at the molecular level.
Clinical Expression of Type A PRA
While a big step forward, the identification of the Type A gene mutation leaves many questions unanswered. We do know the following: Some affected Schnauzers do not test positive for Type A PRA. The researchers do not yet know of any differences in clinical expression between Type A PRA and the other type(s). Thus, animals who are affected may have either Type A or some other type. The only way to tell is by testing.

57. About DNA Testing For Von Hippel-Lindau
itself. There are now a growing number of production laboratories in the world equipped to do (dna) testing for the VHL gene. A production
http://www.vhl.org/healthcare/dna-test.htm
Basic Facts About VHL
Managing Your Health

Information for Health Care Professionals

Research
...
Press Room
Families, Friends, Physicians, Researchers working together
to improve diagnosis, treatment, quality of life for people affected by von Hippel-Lindau disease.
DNA Testing for VHL
DNA Testing for von Hippel-Lindau
[From the March 1995 issue of VHL Family Forum. Last update . JWG] DNA Testing is one of the most frequent questions we receive these days. Since it is such a popular topic, we have prepared this information sheet to give you background on this subject. If you have additional questions, don't hesitate to contact us at 800-767-4VHL, 800-767-4845, or by fax to 858-712-8712, or via email to info@vhl.org
Research versus Clinical "Production" Testing
There are two kinds of laboratories: research labs and clinical production testing labs. A production testing lab is like the one your doctor sends your routine blood and urine samples to, with the exception that in the case of DNA testing it takes a laboratory with special knowledge and equipment, and with special "DNA probes" which can be used to check for mutations in the VHL gene itself. There are now a growing number of production laboratories in the world equipped to do DNA testing for the VHL gene. A production lab is set up to receive samples for testing, apply the tests, and return the results to the doctor in a short and predictable period of time, with a report which the doctor can discuss with you.

58. Genetics
(dna) testing for copper toxicosis in Bedlington Terriers is currently based on such a marker the disease gene itself has yet to be identified for this
http://members.tripod.com/~Jerrier/Genetics.html
var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded"
DNA Tests - page 1 Atopic Dermattis CMO - Craniomandibular Osteopathy
Cryptorchisism
Epilespy ...
vWD - von Willebrands Disease
Compiled by Jerrie E. Wolfe jerrie@rose-croft.dk Genetic or hereditary diseases are conditions caused by subtle damage to the DNA, which is then passed from one generation to the next. The damaged gene is inherited according to the rules of genetics, although the pattern of inheritance may not be obvious without detailed scientific study. The majority of genetic disorders afflicting pedigree dogs show a recessive pattern of inheritance. In these conditions, two copies of the damaged gene, one inherited from the sire and the other from the dam, must be present for an individual to suffer from the disease. Carriers, which have only one copy of the damaged gene, will show no symptoms but can transmit the gene to successive generations. On average, when two such carriers are mated, 25% of the offspring will be affected with the disease - but another 50% will be carriers able to pass the disease on! In some instances we are not really dealing with a disease, but a defect; such as malocclusions (poor tooth alignment), coloration, etc., things a dog can live with that do not effect it's health. Though important in maintaining the breed within the standard set by the parent clubs and these should not be dismissed, they should be kept in perspective of the severity of other genetic disease and defects; those that cause sever health problems and even death.

59. Clinical Trial: Gene Testing To Help In The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Childhood
gene testing to Help in the Diagnosis and Treatment number and structure of genes in cancer untreated childhood medulloblastoma, Procedure (dna) ploidy analysis
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00003096?order=30

60. BUMC: DNA Tests (Description)
SMITHLEMLI-OPITZ SYNDROME (SLOS) (dna) analysis for gene sequencing is available for rare mutations. on an affected individual before testing family members.
http://www.bumc.bu.edu/Departments/PageMain.asp?Page=2194&DepartmentID=118

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