1. Genomics And Its Impact On Science And Society: 2003 Primer described below. gene testing (dna)based tests are among the first commercial medical applications of the new genetic discoveries. Gene http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/publicat/primer2001/6.shtml

Medicine and the New Genetics Genomics and Its Impact on Science and Society: The Human Genome Project and Beyond Primer History Insights Medicine ... Home Gene Testing, Pharmacogenomics, and Gene Therapy DNA underlies almost every aspect of human health, both in function and dysfunction. Obtaining a detailed picture of how genes and other DNA sequences function together and interact with environmental factors ultimately will lead to the discovery of pathways involved in normal processes and in disease pathogenesis. Such knowledge will have a profound impact on the way disorders are diagnosed, treated, and prevented and will bring about revolutionary changes in clinical and public health practice. Some of these transformative developments are described below. Gene Testing DNA-based tests are among the first commercial medical applications of the new genetic discoveries. Gene tests can be used to diagnose disease, confirm a diagnosis, provide prognostic information about the course of disease, confirm the existence of a disease in asymptomatic individuals, and, with varying degrees of accuracy, predict the risk of future disease in healthy individuals or their progeny. Currently, several hundred genetic tests are in clinical use, with many more under development, and their numbers and varieties are expected to increase rapidly over the next decade. Most current tests detect mutations associated with rare genetic disorders that follow Mendelian inheritance patterns. These include myotonic and Duchenne muscular dystrophies, cystic fibrosis, neurofibromatosis type 1, sickle cell anemia, and Huntington’s disease.

2. The DNA Files - Learn More - Gene Testing If you re interested in the resources here in our gene testing section, you might also want to check out these categories The (dna) Marketplace, Ethics, Eugenics http://www.dnafiles.org/resources/res04.html

GENE TESTING Radio Programs General Resources Prenatal Testing Preimplantation Diagnosis Amniocentesis is a common prenatal test, often used to screen for Down syndrome and other serious problems. Did you know that amnios are a type of genetic testing? Have you considered genetic tests to predict your chance of getting breast cancer or another life-challenging disease? Can employers use genetic tests to screen current or potential workers? Find out more about different genetic tests coming to - or already available from - a clinic near you. If you're interested in the resources here in our Gene Testing section, you might also want to check out these categories: The DNA Marketplace Ethics Eugenics Discrimination , and Last Updated: March 2003 Radio Programs Prenatal Genetic Testing - Do You Really Want to Know Your Baby's Future ? (first distributed in November 1998) Predictive Genetic Testing - Do You Really Want to Know Your Future ? (first distributed in November 1998) Back to Top General Resources On the Web Genetic Testing/Counseling . MEDLINEplus This site is a good place to start: it links to general resources, selected recent news, and academic articles on the subject of genetic testing and counseling.

3. Gene Testing What is gene testing? How does it work? What are some of the pros and cons of gene testing? For what diseases are gene tests available? A brief overview of gene testing and a guide to further Another type of (dna) testing involves comparing the sequence of (dna) bases in a patient's gene to a normal http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis/medicine/genetest.html

Human Genome Project Information Genomics:GTL Microbial Genome Program home ... skip navigation Gene Testing Subject Index Alphabetical Index Send the url of this page to a friend News What's New Genetics Headlines Human Genome News Meetings Calendar ... Media Guide Basic Information FAQs Glossary Acronyms Links ... Publications About the Project What is it? Goals Progress History ... Genetics 101 the New Genetics Home Gene Testing Gene Therapy Pharmacogenomics ... Genetic Counseling Ethical, Legal, Social Issues Home Privacy Legislation Gene Testing Patenting ... Genetics in Courtroom Education Teachers Careers Students Webcasts Audio/Video ... Genética Websites en Español Research Home Sequencing Instrumentation Mapping ... Funding Publications Human Genome News Chromosome Poster Primer Molecular Genetics To Know Ourselves ... List of All Publications Search This Site Contact Us Privacy Statement Site Stats and Credits Quick Links to questions and answers on this page: What is gene testing?

4. Gene Testing Another type of (dna) testing involves comparing the sequence of (dna) bases in a patient s gene to a normal version of the gene. Cost http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/medicine/genetest.shtml

Human Genome Project Information Genomics:GTL Microbial Genome Program home ... skip navigation Gene Testing Subject Index Alphabetical Index Send the url of this page to a friend News What's New Genetics Headlines Human Genome News Meetings Calendar ... Media Guide Basic Information FAQs Glossary Acronyms Links ... Publications About the Project What is it? Goals Progress History ... Genetics 101 the New Genetics Home Gene Testing Gene Therapy Pharmacogenomics ... Genetic Counseling Ethical, Legal, Social Issues Home Privacy Legislation Gene Testing Patenting ... Genetics in Courtroom Education Teachers Careers Students Webcasts Audio/Video ... Genética Websites en Español Research Home Sequencing Instrumentation Mapping ... Funding Publications Human Genome News Chromosome Poster Primer Molecular Genetics To Know Ourselves ... List of All Publications Search This Site Contact Us Privacy Statement Site Stats and Credits Quick Links to questions and answers on this page: What is gene testing?

5. DNA Microarray (Genome Chip) (by Leming Shi, PhD) and EA Winzeler. Genomics, gene expression and (dna) arrays. Nature, 2000, 405 optical instruments, fluorescent molecular markers, sieving microchips. Offers GMO testing. Mergen Ltd http://www.gene-chips.com/

www.Gene-Chips.com DNA Microarray (Genome Chip) - Monitoring the Genome on a Chip (c) 1998-2002 by Leming Shi, Ph.D. Welcome to the DNA Microarray (Genome Chip) Web site! This simple, printer-friendly site has been created and maintained by Leming Shi, Ph.D. You'll find the basics on DNA microarray technology and a list of academic and industrial links related to this exciting new technology. Your comments, corrections, and suggestions are welcome. Please help me make this site more useful to you and many other visitors Last updated on January 7, 2002. Credit Warning: This Web site has NO association with Affymetrix, Inc. or its This site was featured in Science magazine ScienceGenomics.org BioMedNet , etc. Concept Design Applications Articles ... Chemical Arrays New Protein Chips DNA Microarray - A technology that is reshaping molecular biology It is widely believed that thousands of genes and their products (i.e., RNA and proteins) in a given living organism function in a complicated and orchestrated way that creates the mystery of life. However, traditional methods in molecular biology generally work on a "one gene in one experiment" basis, which means that the throughput is very limited and the "whole picture" of gene function is hard to obtain. In the past several years, a new technology, called DNA microarray, has attracted tremendous interests among biologists. This technology promises to monitor the whole genome on a single chip so that researchers can have a better picture of the interactions among thousands of genes simultaneously.

6. DNA Paternity Testing And More... geneTree Sales Office. San Jose, CA Toll Free (888) 404gene Phone (408) 723-2670 Fax (408) 723-2671. © 1997-2004 geneTree (dna) testing Center. http://www.genetree.com/

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7. Native American DNA Testing geneTree Sales Office. San Jose, CA Toll Free (888) 404gene Phone (408) 723-2670 Fax (408) 723-2671. © 1997-2004 geneTree (dna) testing Center. http://www.genetree.com/product/native-american-test.asp

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8. Understanding Gene Testing - DNA back index next, Science Behind the News, Understanding gene testing. (dna). The story of gene testing begins with (dna). (dna) is a vast chemical information database. http://press2.nci.nih.gov/sciencebehind/genetesting/genetesting03.htm

DNA The story of gene testing begins with DNA. DNA is a vast chemical information database. It resides in the core, or nucleus, of each of the body's trillions of cells, and it carries the complete set of instructions for making all the proteins a cell will ever need.

9. Understanding Gene Testing Understanding gene testing. 01 Introduction 03 (dna). 04 Chemical Bases in (dna). 05 (dna) Molecules http://press2.nci.nih.gov/sciencebehind/genetesting/genetesting00.htm

Understanding Gene Testing 01 Introduction 02 Genes in the News 03 DNA 04 Chemical Bases in DNA ... 40 Technical Concerns

10. Understanding Gene Testing - DNA->RNA-> Protein back index next, Science Behind the News, Understanding gene testing. (dna) RNA- Protein. Building proteins lies at the heart of cell function. http://press2.nci.nih.gov/sciencebehind/genetesting/genetesting07.htm

DNA->RNA-> Protein Building proteins lies at the heart of cell function. For a cell to make a protein, the information from a gene is copied, base by base, from a strand of DNA into a strand of messenger RNA. Messenger RNA travels out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm, to cell organelles called ribosomes. There, messenger RNA directs the assembly of amino acids that fold into a completed protein molecule.

11. Advances Opportunities In DNA Testing And Gene - Start Your Advances Opportunities in (dna) testing and gene Probes (dna)based testing methods focus upon gene probe technology. These probes are being used to identify a specific gene, region of a chromosome http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://link.decideinteractive.com/n/7560/7562/w

12. Gene Testing -- Discovery Health | DNA Sciences the analysis of the gene itself. In concept, genetic testing involves three simple steps Take a sample of blood or other tissue and extract the (dna),; Read the http://health.discovery.com/minisites/dna/zm_gtest.html

Gene Testing cg_addbib('burgess','9614824', 'http://www.cma.ca/cmaj/vol-158/issue-10/1309.htm','', 'Burgess MM, Laberge CM, Knoppers BM. Bioethics for clinicians: ethics and genetics in medicine. CMAJ 1998;158:1309-13.'); cg_addbib('caulfield','10569090', 'http://www.cma.ca/cmaj/vol-161/issue-9/1122.htm','', 'Caulfield T. Gene testing in the biotech century: are physicians ready? CMAJ 1999;161:1122-4'); cg_addbib('marteau','9522800', 'http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/316/7132/693','', 'Marteau TM, Croyle RT. Psychological responses to genetic testing. BMJ 1998;316:693-696.'); The stage is set for a revolution in medicine growing out of our understanding of genetics. This revolution will affect not only diseases we think of as genetic, but most other diseases as well. While the ability to repair defective genes still lies years, or even decades, in the future, some genetic testing is here today cg_cite('caulfield') Contents of this page... What is genetic testing?

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Personal Finance Office Supplies DNA Mortgages ... Jobs DNA Testing Services DNA Detective Services Gene Tree's DNA Testing Services can be used to test hair, gum, licked stamps, and more. Biological Stain Analysis is also provided to assist in characterizing a stain, and determining the identification or relationship of the person that stain belongs to. GeneCard DNA Identification DNA testing technologies offer the most accurate method to determine con- clusive identification. By having you and/or your child's DNA analyzed by Gene Tree and stored you are assuring the most positive and conclusive identification, if ever needed. GeneCard ID click here for a Free Paternity Testing Kit Personal Finance Office Supplies ... spy cameras

14. How Are Disease Genes Identified? of (dna). Previous page What are the uses of genetic testing? TOC page Table of Contents Next page What types of diseases can be predicted with gene tests? http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEPC/NIH/gene11.html

Understanding Gene Testing How are disease genes identified? Tracking down every chemical base in each of the estimated 50,000 to 100,000 genes as well as the spaces between them - mapping the human genome - is the task of an international 15-year collaboration known as the Human Genome Project . (The United States effort is shared by the National Center for Human Genome Research at the National Institutes of Health and the Office of Health and Environmental Research of the Department of Energy.) Scientists expect that having a detailed map of the entire set of human genes will revolutionize medical practice and biomedical research. The Human Genome Project is focusing on the creation of genome maps , both genetic linkage maps and physical maps . Genome maps depict the order in which genes, genetic markers , and other landmarks are found along the chromosomes. In narrowing the search for a specific gene, researchers often identify gene markers - characteristic segments of DNA or genes for known traits - thet lie close to the target gene and are inherited along with it. Genetic linkage maps assign chromosomal locations to genetic landmarks - either genes or distinct short sequences of DNA - on the basis of how frequently markers are inherited together. Linkage maps exploit a phenomenon called

15. Human Gene Testing - Summary can doctors detect them in the morass of a person's (dna) to try to prevent their deadly effects and open the door to gene testing, which is promising to transform http://www.beyonddiscovery.org/content/view.article.asp?a=239

16. NIH - Glossary distinctive segments of (dna). gene mapping determining the relative positions of genes on a chromosome and the distance between them. gene testing examining a http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEPC/NIH/gene27.html

Understanding Gene Testing Glossary Acquired mutations gene changes that arise within individual cells and accumulate throughout a person's lifetime; also called somatic mutations. (See Hereditary mutation.) Alleles variant forms of the same gene. Different alleles produce variations in inherited characteristics such as eye color or blood type. Alzheimer's disease a disease that causes memory loss, personality changes, dementia and, ultimately, death. Not all cases are inherited, but genes have been found for familial forms of Alzheimer's disease. Amino acid any of a class of 20 molecules that combine to form proteins in living things. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis an inherited, fatal degenerative nerve disorder; also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. Autosome any of the non-sex-determining chromosomes. Human cells have 22 pairs of autosomes. Base pairs the two complementary, nitrogen-rich molecules held together by weak chemical bonds. Two strands of DNA are held together in the shape of a double helix by the bonds between their base pairs. (See Chemical base.) a gene that normally helps to restrain cell growth.

17. Genetic Testing is used when the gene cannot be directly identified but can be located within a specific region of a chromosome. This testing requires additional (dna) from an http://www.lbl.gov/Education/ELSI/Frames/genetic-testing-f.html

What is Genetic Testing? Genetic tests use a variety of laboratory techniques to determine if a person has a genetic condition or disease or is likely to get the disease. Individuals may wish to be tested if: There is a family history of one specific disease. They show symptoms of a genetic disorder, Theyr are concerned about passing on a genetic problem to their children. Genetic tests include techniques to examine genes or markers near the genes. Direct testing for diseases such as cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia come from an analysis of an individual's specific genes. A technique called linkage analysis , or indirect testing, is used when the gene cannot be directly identified but can be located within a specific region of a chromosome . This testing requires additional DNA from an affected family member for comparison. Because each person's DNA is unique (except for identical twins), genetic tests also can be used for individual identification ("DNA fingerprinting"). Genetic testing is a complex process, and the results depend both on reliable laboratory procedures and accurate interpretation of results. Tests also vary in sensitivity , that is, their ability to detect mutations or to detect all patients who have or will get the disease. Interpretation of test results is often complex even for trained physicians and other health care specialists. When interpreting the results of any genetic test, one must take into account the probability of

18. Digestive Disease Library genetic/(dna) testing Who Should Consider testing for the APC I1307K Mutation? What Should You Do if You Receive a Positive gene Test Result? http://www.hopkins-gi.org/pages/latin/templates/index.cfm?pg=disease3&organ=6&di

19. Digestive Disease Library , Sigmoidoscopy, , Colonoscopy, genetic/(dna) testing genetic testing is available for The altered gene that causes FAP in most patients is now known. http://www.hopkins-gi.org/pages/latin/templates/index.cfm?pg=disease3&organ=6&di

20. Human Gene Testing - Honing The Search For Dis... Therefore, by finding the cutting site on the (dna) that created the RFLP, the An introduction to many of the terms and techniques used in human gene testing. http://www.beyonddiscovery.org/content/view.asp?I=244

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