81. PLAYAHATA.COM A pastoral people, the fulani were in search of a land Muslim, with a great deal of indigenous beliefs intermingled therein, the fulani not only http://www.playahata.com/pages/bhfigures/bhfigures22.html

Figures in Black History Courtesy of Morpheus Ghana, Mali and Songhai had come and gone on the African stage. Near central Africa another great empire called Kanem would rise around 1200AD. Kanem was originally a confederation of various ethnic groups, but by 1100AD, a people called the Kanuri settled in Kanem and in the thirteenth century the Kanuri began upon a conquest of their neighbors. They were led by Mai Dunama Dibbalemi (1221-1259), the first of the Kanuri to convert to Islam. Dibbalemi declared physical jihad (holy war) against surrounding minor states and so began one of the most dynamic periods of conquest in Africa. At the height of their empire, the Kanuri controlled territory from Libya to Lake Chad to Hausaland. These were strategic areas, as all the commercial traffic through North Africa had to pass through Kanuri territory. As a result of the military and commercial growth of Kanem, the once nomadic Kanuri eventually turned to a more sedentary way of life. Pictured here is a painting of the king of Bornu in royal procession arriving at one of his provincial residences around 1850AD. Pictured here are Bornu horsemen trumpeters sounding the Frum-Frums.

82. Indigenous Cultures, Kingdoms And Ethnic Groups Of Senegal - Encyclopedia Articl many names, including Foulah, Peulh, Peul, Fulfulde, Fulbe, and fulani. The Moors is the ancient name for the indigenous nomadic Berber people in North http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Indigenous cultures, kingdoms and ethn

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Indigenous cultures, kingdoms and ethnic groups of Senegal Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Senegal has a very varied cultural landscape and a history of kingdoms, empires, brotherhoods and colonial struggles (between and against colonizing powers). The ethnic groups of Senegal today live in relative peace and harmony, despite their diversity and differences in economic advancement. The main ethnic groups are the Wolof Wolof is a language spoken in Senegal, Gambia and Mauritania. Iso639-code: WOL. It belongs to the Atlantic branch of the Niger-Congo language family. Some phrases: Yes - Waaw. No - Deedeet. Good Morning - Jama nga fanaan. Thank you - Jerejef. Good Bye - Be beneen yon. The term "Wolof" is also used to indicate the ethnic group that uses the language. External Links Wolof - English Dictionary Click the link for more information. , the Serer The Serer (also spelled Serreer Sereer Sèrèr Sérér Seréer Sèréer Séréer , etc.) are the second largest ethnic group in Senegal and are a major group in The Gambia. Their traditional kingdoms include the Kingdom of Sine and Saloum. They are divided into several groups that speak mutually-unintelligible languages: Serer-Sine spoken in Sine-Saloum, Kaolack, Diourbel, Dakar and many other areas.

83. Nomadic People - Encyclopedia Article About Nomadic People. Free Access, No Regi Moors The Moors is the ancient name for the indigenous nomadic Berber people in North africa, who converted to Islam in the 7th century. http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Nomadic people

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Nomadic people Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Communities of nomadic people move from place to place, rather than settling down in one location. Many cultures have been traditionally nomadic, but nomadic behaviour is increasingly rare in industrialised countries. Typically there are two kinds of nomad, pastoral nomads and peripatetic nomads. Pastoralists raise herds and move with them so as not to deplete pasture beyond recovery in any one area. Peripatetic nomads are more common in industrialised nations travelling from place to place offering a trade wherever they go. Nomadic people in industrialized nations: Roma and Sinti The Roma (singular Rom ), commonly known and to them, pejoratively as Gypsies , are a traditionally nomadic people who originated in northern India but currently live worldwide, chiefly in Europe. Most Roma speak some form of Romany, a language closely related to the modern Indo-European languages of northern India. Their principal occupations over the centuries have been as itinerant peddlers, metal workers and horse dealers.

84. NAT-EDU (July-December, 1994): Indigenous People And The Environment The specific topic is What can indigenous people teach us Each student must choose one indigenous group upon Amazon), Karen (SE Asia), fulani (Saraha), Maoris http://nativenet.uthscsa.edu/archive/ne/94b/0063.html

Indigenous people and the environment Rex Boggs rex@cq-pan.cqu.edu.au Sun, 11 Sep 1994 12:30:17 +1000 Articles sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Next article: David Friesenhahn: "Re: Indigenous people and the environment" Previous article: Rene A. Dolbec: "Cultural Conflicts in the Classroom (LONG)" Next in thread: David Friesenhahn: "Re: Indigenous people and the environment" Maybe reply: David Friesenhahn: "Re: Indigenous people and the environment" Maybe reply: Walter Kawamoto: "Re: Indigenous people and the environment" Please email: Rex Boggs ( rex@cq-pan.cqu.edu.au ). Do not reply to the newsgroup or mailing list. Our year 9 Geography class consists of 17 very enthusiastic students, aged 13 to 14. Early in October, they will be starting a unit on Indigenous People and the Environment. The specific topic is: What can indigenous people teach us about caring for our environment? Each student must choose one indigenous group upon which their study will be based. We have some information on the following groups: Pygmies (Africa), San (Kalahari Desert), Inuit (Canada), Hopi (SW

85. MISSIO IMMACULATAE: Missionary Page Of The Franciscans Of The Immaculate towns and villages, others occupy several larger indigenous cities. Many people of nonHausa origin, including the city-based fulani, have become http://www.marymediatrix.com/mission/kb/kb15/5.shtml

FI MISSION IN NIGERIA List of Articles about Nigerian Mission FACTS ABOUT NIGERIA Introduction History Land and Resources The People ... Culture and Arts FACTS AT A GLANCE Country name: Federal Republic of Nigeria Location: Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon Climate: varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north Population: Ethnic groups: more than 250 ethnic groups; the most populous and politically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5% Nationality: Nigerian Religions: Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10% Languages: English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population:57.1%

86. Nigeria parts of the state have pitted indigenous people, most of Local people said aggrieved fulani herdsmen who lost relatives the West and the Hausafulani of the http://www.db.idpproject.org/Sites/idpSurvey.nsf/wViewCountries/EDBD8CCEF3CF5F21

www.idpproject.org Nigeria Section : Causes and Background of Displacement Sub-section : Displacement related to ethno-religious conflicts Nigeria menu List of sources Maps Ethno-Religious violence between Hausa-Fulanis and other ethnic groups in Plateau State displaced thousands (September 2001- 2002) Major displacement caused by the September 2001 clashes between the Hausa-Fulanis (mostly Muslims) and "indigenes" groups (mostly Christians) in the State capital Jos Tensions rooted in disputes between one side seen as "indigenes" and the other as "settlers" After five days of fighting the Red Cross put the total number of displaced in Plateau State at some 60,000 Although calm returned to Jos, violence spread to other parts of Plateau State such as Langtang, Kuru and Pankshin districts New displacement during 2002 because of retaliatory attacks and bandit raids apparently involving Fulani herdsmen and elements from neighbouring Niger and Chad The specific incident that sparked off the violence occurred outside a mosque in the area of Jos known as Congo Russia. On Friday, September 7, a young Christian woman tried to cross the road through a congregation of Muslims outside the mosque. She was asked to wait until prayers had finished or to choose another route, but she refused and an argument developed between her and some members of the congregation. Within minutes, the argument had unleashed a violent battle between groups of Christians who appeared at the scene and Muslims who had been praying at the mosque or who happened to be in the neighborhood.

87. DAGRIS Originally the White fulani were indigenous to north Nigeria, southeast Niger and north-east Cameroon, owned by both fulani and Hausa people. http://dagris.ilri.cgiar.org/dagris/display.asp?p=7&ID=77

88. Upbeat - Summer 2004 At Grace Fellowship, adoption of the fulani includes the ambitious goal is an indigenous church planting movement sufficient to reach the people group. http://www.bgcworld.org/newstand/Upbeat/upbt.htm

HOMEPAGE NEWSTAND ARCHIVE Summer 2004 Though Fulanis have been very resistant to the gospel, there are hopeful signs. Several West African nations with large Fulani populations have seen village conversions, especially in Niger and Nigeria. In Cameroon, with more than 1 million Fulani, there are around 100 known believers who meet in a half dozen rather fragile house fellowships. Though still a very small number, this is exciting news. The BGC missionary team in Cameroon directing their attention toward Fulanis includes a water engineer, veterinary doctor, doctors and nurses, a builder and three African evangelists (one is a converted Fulani). Grace Fellowship Church decided to informally join the team through their adoption. Adopting a people group At Grace Fellowship, adoption of the Fulani includes: Prayer - research and strategic prayer Projects - sending teams and resources Presence - recruiting Grace Fellowship members for extended service with field missionaries Plant - the ambitious goal is an indigenous church planting movement sufficient to reach the people group Educating Grace about the Fulani takes place though informative materials and regular Sunday morning reports with news from the field. The adoption is a regular agenda item for church business meetings, where discussions include the church budget and possible trips and projects. Sending members on mission trips is critical to the education and ownership of the adoption.

89. TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents or Fulfulde, the language of the fulani, is widely Bamileke people from this area have in recent Religions Christian 53%, Muslim 22%, indigenous African 25%. http://www.traveldocs.com/cm/people.htm

Cameroon Africa PEOPLE Cameroon's estimated 250 ethnic groups form five large regional-cultural groups: western highlanders (or grassfielders), including the Bamileke, Bamoun, and many smaller entities in the northwest (est. 38% of population); coastal tropical forest peoples, including the Bassa, Douala, and many smaller entities in the Southwest (12%); southern tropical forest peoples, including the Ewondo, Bulu (subgroup of Beti), Fang (subgroup of Beti), Maka and Pygmies (officially called Bakas) (18%); predominantly Islamic peoples of the northern semi-arid regions (the Sahel) and central highlands, including the Fulani, also known as Peuhl in French (14%); and the "Kirdi", non-Islamic or recently Islamic peoples of the northern desert and central highlands (18%). The people concentrated in the southwest and northwest provincesaround Buea and Bamendause standard English and "pidgin," as well as their local languages. In the three northern provincesAdamaoua, north, and far northeither French or Fulfulde, the language of the Fulani, is widely spoken. Elsewhere, French is the principal second language, although pidgin and some local languages such as Ewondo, the dialect of a Beti clan from the Yaounde area, also are widely spoken.

90. The Center For Global Tolerance & Engagement: World Fast Facts Density, 39 people per square km. Languages, Portuguese Creole, Balante, fulani, Malinke, Portuguese. Religions, 52% indigenous beliefs, 40% Muslim, 8% Christian. http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/dept/d34/cgte/cgtegcty.html

GABON FAST FACTS Location West Africa Capital Libreville Population 1.2 Million Density 5 people per square km Urban/Rural Split 50% Urban, 50% Rural Languages Fang, French, Punu, Sira, Nzebi, Mpongwe Religions No statistics Ethnicities GAMBIA FAST FACTS Location West Africa Capital Banjul Population 1.9 Million Density 119 people per square km Urban/Rural Split 26% Urban, 74% Rural Languages Mandinka, Fulani, Wolof, Diola, Soninke, English Religions No statistics Ethnicities 42% Mandingo, 18% Fulani, 16% Wolof, 10% Jola, 9% Serahuli, 5% Other GEORGIA FAST FACTS Location Europe Capital Tbilisi Population 5.4 Million Density 77 people per square km Urban/Rural Split 58% Urban, 42% Rural Languages Georgian, Russian Religions No statistics Ethnicities 70% Georgian, 8% Armenian, 7% Other, 6% Russian, 6% Azeri, 3% Ossetian GERMANY FAST FACTS Location Europe Capital Berlin Population 82.4 Million Density 236 people per square km Urban/Rural Split 87% Urban, 13% Rural Languages German Religions 36% Protestant, 35% Roman Catholic, 27% Other, 2% Muslim Ethnicities 92% German, 3% other European, 3% Other, 2% Turkish

91. SIM Country Profile: Nigeria The fulani, Hausa, Ibo, and Yoruba are the largest churches have together formed an indigenous body known Q. How many unreached people groups are estimated http://www.sim.org/country.asp?cid=1&fun=2

92. LANGUAGES-ON-THE-WEB: BEST XHOSA LINKS i Afrika Innhold AMHARISK ARABISK fulani HAUSA MORE Nomadic Tribes Two groups of indigenous people were said to the Gamtoos River The Khoisan people no longer http://www.languages-on-the-web.com/links/link-xhosa.htm

language links XHOSA HOME THE BEST LINKS GUARANTEE Unlike many other web sites related to languages, only serious and useful sites are listed here. If you know a really good site for learning this language do email us GENERAL LINKS (UNDER CONSTRUCTION) XHOSA picasso.wcape.school.za/subject/xhosa/xhoshome.htm (AltaVista, Excite) XHOSA. WCSN Home Page. General Subject Index. WWW search. Sabelo's Isixhosa Home Page. Second Language. Std 6 Writing Evenkileni yempahla (dialogue) Ndim.. The Xhosa Virtual Resourse Network www.saol.co.za/xhosa/welcome.htm The Heritage Virtual Resource Network is the holding Organisation[Network] which steers and oversee all the networks within this domain.It is in this regard that The Heritage Virtual Resource Network announces the soon to be launching networks in its domain. These include the current Xhosa Network, the Sotho Network, the Afrikan Network and the Zulu Network will follow later after that. www.cyberserv.co.za/users/~jako/lang/xho.htm (Snap, Excite) South African Language: XHOSA VADA Software Talen V - Z www.vada.nl/softtvz.htm

93. NIGERIA IRIN Focus On Indigene-settler Conflicts - OCHA IRIN concept of holding on to one’s indigenous area to of Kaduna between the local Kataf people and Hausa from their Hausa hosts the nomadic fulani continue to http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=18860&SelectRegion=West_Africa&Selec

94. Joseph R. Wheeler, III Interview for liquor and dope but a lot of people live off I am one with the indigenous blood of all human the women.), the Maasai, Somburu, Yoruba, fulani, Nuba, and http://www.graffiti.org/joeism/joe2.html

Joseph R. Wheeler, III Interview continued Wave Elivation The Sun Goddess The Warehouse Spiders tell "I" About The Web of Love Mother Returns Art Crimes: How long have you been painting canvases and portable pieces? Joseph: I've been doing portable pieces all of my life. I came up on cheap sketch pads and typing paper, on Saturday morning art classes that taught me all of the accepted forms of visual art. Those classes also taught me to respect other forms of art whether I understood them at that young age or not. I developed my skills in the following order (blending them as time went on): crayons - ya'll know what it is, pencil, pen, markers, colored pencils, markers, watercolors, inks and dyes, oil and acrylic painting, and then somewhat recently - the aerosol can and airbrush. I did a lot of poster-size masterpieces on illustration board. I had always looked at brush to canvas painting as the ultimate level of accomplishment. I thought it was hard. I tell a lot of younger people that I've had the pleasure of working with that no medium is impossible to adapt to if you have "EYE" and know the "LINE". Drawing is the basis of the artist's perception.

95. World Food Habits Bibliography: Africa for the anthropological study of food, eating habits, and nutrition in africa http://www.lilt.ilstu.edu/rtdirks/AFRICA.html

FOOD AND CULTURE Africa Aborampah O. 1985. Determinants of Breast-feeding and Post-partum Sexual Abstinence: Analysis of a Sample of Yoruba Women, Western Nigeria. Journal of Biosocial Science . 17:461-9. [infant feeding; Africa] Aboud FE; Alemu T. 1995. Nutrition, Maternal Responsiveness and Mental Development of Ethopian Children. Social Science and Medicine [child nutrition; Africa] Acho-Chi C. 2002. The Mobile Street Food Service Practice in the Urban Economy of Kumba, Cameroon. Singpore Journal of Tropical Geography . 23(2):131-48. [food distribution; Africa] Almedom AM. 1991. Infant Feeding in Urban Low-income Households in Ethiopia. Ecology of Food and Nutrition . 25:97-109. [infant nutrition; Africa] Anigbo OA. 1987. Commensality and Human Relationship among the Igbo. University of Nigeria Press. [social relations; African; Nigeria; Igbo] Aunger R. 1994. Sources of Variation in Ethnographic Interview Data: Food Avoidances in the Ituri Forest. Ethnology . 33(1):65-99. [food proscriptions; Africa; Zaire] Aunger R. 1994. Are Food Avoidances Maladaptive in the Ituri Forest of Zaire?

96. Dehai Africa/World News Archive: (IRIN): NIGERIA: Muslim Death Toll In Raid On Y http://dehai.org/archives/AW_news_archive/0667.html

(IRIN): NIGERIA: Muslim death toll in raid on Yelwa tops 600 - Red Cross New Message Reply About this list Date view ... Author view From: Berhane Habtemariam ( Berhane.Habtemariam@gmx.de Date: Sat May 08 2004 - 07:11:25 EDT NIGERIA: Muslim death toll in raid on Yelwa tops 600 - Red Cross Jos is the capital of Plateau State YELWA, 7 May 2004 (IRIN) - More than 600 people were killed when militiamen from a mainly Christian ethnic group attacked Muslims in a small town in central Nigeria last weekend, a Red Cross official said on Friday. A heavily armed group of militiamen from the mainly Christian Tarok ethnic group raided the small town of Yelwa in Plateau state on Sunday in reprisal for an earlier Muslim attack on their own community. Their victims were mainly members of the Hausa and Fulani tribes. On Thursday, Umar Mairiga led the first team of Red Cross officials into Yelwa, 220 km east of the capital Abuja, to assess the situation. He told reporters afterwards that he was shown a mass grave where more than 250 people were said to have been buried. Mairiga said he had heard accounts from survivors indicating that several hundred people had been killed. "From what we have seen and heard we think it is correct that more than 600 people were killed," he said. Police said earlier this week they had found 67 bodies in Yelwa.

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