101. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: France Under the Restoration parliamentary government was introduced into france.The revolution of July, 1830, the liberal and bourgeois http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06166a.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... F > France A B C D ... Z France The fifth in size (usually reckoned the fourth) of the great divisions of Europe. DESCRIPTIVE GEOGRAPHY The area of France is 207,107 square miles; it has a coastline 1560 miles and a land frontier 1525 miles in length. In shape it resembles a hexagon of which the sides are: (1) From Dunkirk to Point St-Matthieu (sands and dunes from Dunkirk to the mouth of the Somme; cliffs, called falaises Christianity Revolution , is responsible for the present purely arbitrary divisions of the soil, known as "departments". Contemporary geography is glad to avail itself of the old names and the old divisions into "countries" and "provinces" which more nearly correspond to the geographical formations as well as the natural peculiarities of the various regions. "Massif Central" (the Central Plateau), a rugged land inhabited by a stubborn race that is often glad to leave its fastness, and those lands of comfort that lie along the great Northern Plain, the valley of the Loire, and the fertile basin in which Paris stands. But in spite of this variety, France is a unit. These regions, so unlike and so diversified, balance and complete each other like the limbs of a living body. As Michelet puts it, "France is a person." STATISTICS In 1901, France had 31,031,000 inhabitants. The census no longer inquires as to the religion of French citizens, and it is only by way of approximation that we can compute the number of Catholics at 38 millions;

102. Www.maison-de-la-france.com8000/ Links.france.com Reference/government Military (7). Ministries (7). LINKS Directory of French government InternetServices pop Indexed by name of government agency or sector of activity. http://www.maison-de-la-france.com:8000/

103. Traveljournals.net - Government Of France long form French Republic conventional short form france local long formRepublique Francaise local short form france. government type republic. http://www.traveljournals.net/explore/france/government.html

Home Explore Pictures Stories ... Accommodation Search: Navigation: Home Explore France / Government Government of France Locations: A B C D ... Search Country name: conventional long form:  French Republic conventional short form:  France local long form:  Republique Francaise local short form:  France Government type: republic Capital: Paris Administrative divisions: 22 regions (regions, singular - region); Alsace, Aquitaine, Auvergne, Basse-Normandie, Bourgogne, Bretagne, Centre, Champagne-Ardenne, Corse, Franche-Comte, Haute-Normandie, Ile-de-France, Languedoc-Roussillon, Limousin, Lorraine, Midi-Pyrenees, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Pays de la Loire, Picardie, Poitou-Charentes, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, Rhone-Alpes note:  metropolitan France is divided into 22 regions (including the "territorial collectivity" of Corse or Corsica) and is subdivided into 96 departments; see separate entries for the overseas departments (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion) and the overseas territorial collectivities (Mayotte, Saint Pierre and Miquelon) Dependent areas: Bassas da India, Clipperton Island, Europa Island, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, New Caledonia, Tromelin Island, Wallis and Futuna

104. France Information: Facts, Geography, People, Government, Economy, Flag And Fran MyTravelGuide. We also have a france Tourism Guide. Facts, Geography, People,government, Flag, Economy and france Map. government, france. Country http://www.mytravelguide.com/guides-and-advice/fact-book/cia/France.php

Friendly hotel experts by phone Hotels: Vacation Rentals: Europe: Home Flights Lodging Rental Cars ... World Map > France This page provides up-to-date facts and statistical information on France that can be helpful for travelers in their trip preparations. The following France information can be found on this page: a Brief history Climate and Terrain Elevation extremes Natural hazards Population HIV Prevalance Ethnic Groups Spoken Languages Literacy National Holiday Legal System Economy Poverty level Currency Telelphone System Radio Stations Internet service providers Military Transnational Issues For more information on France and its cities, check out our France Tourism Guide , found in the Destination Guides section of MyTravelGuide. If you have a question about France, you can ask it in the " Ask a Question " section of MyTravelGuide. We also have a France Tourism Guide Facts, Geography, People, Government, Flag, Economy and France Map. Country List World Factbook Home The World Factbook France Introduction France Background: Although ultimately a victor in World Wars I and II, France suffered extensive losses in its empire, wealth, manpower, and rank as a dominant nation-state. Nevertheless, France today is one of the most modern countries in the world and is a leader among European nations. Since 1958, it has constructed a presidential democracy resistant to the instabilities experienced in earlier parliamentary democracies. In recent years, its reconciliation and cooperation with Germany have proved central to the economic integration of Europe, including the introduction of the euro in January 2002. At present, France is at the forefront of European states seeking to exploit the momentum of monetary union to advance the creation of a more unified and capable European defense and security apparatus.

105. Washingtonpost.com: Suspicious Passengers Questioned In France Despite French statements suggesting some of the American fears about the Air Franceflights were unfounded, US government officials said they believe they http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A30985-2003Dec25?language=printer

106. Columbus World Travel Guide - Europe - France - History And Government World Travel Guide france - History and government - includesinformation on the constitution and politics. http://www.travel-guide.com/data/fra/fra580.asp

OAS_sitepage = URL + '/Europe/France/HistoryandGovernment'; document.write('Research France hotels at TripAdvisor'); Contact Addresses Overview General Information Passport/Visa ... Europe /France FRANCE History and Government History: After the disintegration of the Roman Empire in the fifth century, Gaul was settled by Germanic peoples from the east. After the collapse of the Visigothic Merovingian kingdom, Gaul in the eighth and ninth centuries became the heart of Charlemagne’s Frankish empire, which stretched from the Pyrénées to the Baltic. During the following centuries, the area under the control of the French kings gradually increased, although it was not until the reign of Louis VI (1108-37) that royal authority became more than an empty theory in some parts of France, whose rulers were vassals in name only. Among the most powerful of these were the Dukes of Normandy who had, by the mid-12th century, acquired England and western France. In 1328, however, the direct line of the Capetian royal house became extinct: one of the claimants to the throne was Edward III of England. The resulting intermittent conflict, known as the Hundred Years’ War, was not resolved until the final English defeat in 1453. The period of French recovery is associated with the reign of the astute Louis XI (1460-83): by the time of his death the area of France was much as it is today. During the late 15th and 16th centuries, France was again distracted by foreign adventures, including the Italian Wars and several other grandiose pan-European schemes initiated by François I, and internal troubles (the Wars of Religion). This latter conflict was ended by the accession of the gifted Henry IV, a Protestant-turned-Catholic. Henry was assassinated in 1610, but his work of building up the power of the French state was continued under the administrations firstly of Cardinals Richelieu and Mazarin and subsequently the long reign of the ‘Sun King’, Louis XIV (1643-1715), by which time the country had replaced Spain as the major European power.

107. France - Atlapedia Online Since the mid 1960 s france has supported the government of Chad againstrebels by supplying military aid and at times troops. In http://www.atlapedia.com/online/countries/france.htm

OFFICIAL NAME: French Republic CAPITAL: Paris SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT: Multiparty Republic AREA: 549,183 Sq Km (212,041 Sq Mi) ESTIMATED 2000 POPULATION CLIMATE: France's climate ranges from a Mediterranean in the south with warm humid winters and hot dry summers to a maritime in the northwest with mild winters and cool summers as well as frequent fine rain or drizzle. In the east a continental climate is dominant, characterized by cold winters with frost, long periods of snow cover and warm summers with thunderstorms. France receives an average of 450 billion cubic metres of precipitation per annum as either rain or snow and no part of the country receives less than 508 mm (20 inches) annually. Average temperature ranges in Paris are from 1 to 6 degrees Celsius (34 to 46 degrees Fahrenheit) in January to 14 to 25 degrees Celsius (57 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit) in July. PEOPLE: The French are largely of Celtic or Latin origin and account for around 91% of the population. Other ethnic minorities include people of Teutonic, Slavic, North African, Indo-Chinese and Basque origins. DEMOGRAPHIC/VITAL STATISTICS: Density; 104.7 persons per sq km (271.1 persons per sq mi) (1991). Urban-Rural; 74.3% urban, 25.7% rural (1990). Sex Distribution; 48.7% male, 51.3% female (1990). Life Expectancy at Birth; 72.7 years male, 80.9 years female (1990). Age Breakdown; 19% under 15, 22% 15 to 29, 23% 30 to 44, 16% 45 to 59, 13% 60 to 74, 7% 75 and over (1990). Birth Rate; 13.5 per 1,000 (1990). Death Rate; 9.3 per 1,000 (1990). Increase Rate; 4.2 per 1,000 (1990). Infant Mortality Rate; 7.4 per 1,000 live births (1990)

108. France In The News Arts Cannes Films En Route After Protesters Block Trucks The ongoing feud betweenthe government and showbiz workers canceled france s world-renowned http://www.ttc.org/pressab.htm

FRANCE IN THE US NEWS OVER THE LAST SEVEN DAYS To follow these links, you may have to register with the newspapers Articles published on Wednesday, June 9, 2004 The New York Times > International > France Stages Funeral for Royal Heart Historian Philippe Delorme, who wrote a book about Louis XVII and organized the genetic tests, lists the facts of the boy's brief but grim life as follows: Louis XVII lost his parents to the guillotine in 1793. [The New York Times] The New York Times > Washington > U.S. Wants 'Most' Iraq Debt Forgiven Iraq's debts are estimated at about $120 billion, and Washington was expected to press Iraq's foreign creditors to forgive at least 80 percent of it as an Iraqi caretaker government prepares to take up the reins at the end of June. [The New York Times] The New York Times > International > U.S. Wants 'Most' Iraq Debt Forgiven " Just the numbers show that in order to get a sustainable debt situation in Iraq, you're going to have to reduce the vast majority of that debt, " said the official, who spoke as G8 leaders arrived for a three-day summit 80 miles away at Sea Island, Georgia. [The New York Times] The New York Times > Opinion > Editorial Observer: A Russian Emigre Finally Gets His Russian Passport The notion that a Russian emigre would live his entire life in France without taking any citizenship because, as my uncle, Andrei Schmemann, explained, " I'm a Russian, " seemed as striking to Russian reporters as it had been to Nikita Mikhalkov, the Russian filmmaker who included my uncle in a documentary on Russian emigration.

109. France (finally) Gets On The E-government Bandwagon - Silicon.com france (finally) gets on the egovernment bandwagon. August 28 2003. by EstelleDumout. Smart cards and public services portal for everyday life top of the list. http://management.silicon.com/government/0,39024677,10005775,00.htm

Win tickets for England vs. Croatia at UEFA EURO 2004™ silicon.com management Wednesday 9th June 2004 BT to pay up after missing NHS deadlines Sony settles with German inventor of Walkman SCO asks for additional IBM code Microsoft cleared of anti-competitive behaviour ... more France (finally) gets on the e-government bandwagon August 28 2003 by Estelle Dumout Smart cards and public services portal for everyday life top of the list E-mail to a friend Printer friendly Reader Comments Post your comment here A public service portal and smart cards for everyday life - two initiatives planned by the French agency for the Development of Electronic Administration (ADAE) - look set to form the pillars of the country's push for e-government. The Agency, which was created in February, is charged with ensuring the success of the e-government drive – a project which was launched in 1997 but is still very much in the starting blocks. In a cabinet meeting yesterday, the Secretary of State for State Reform, Henri Plagnol, detailed the developments to come in "e-administration". The central idea behind the initiative is to "move from an anonymised approach to an individualised approach, centred on the needs of each user, under the control and within the framework of a privileged relationship with the public services", Plagnol said. Plagnol also said the two objectives that had been set for the project are to "bring the IT systems of different administrations closer together and make them interoperable" and "drive and oversee concrete projects across departments".

110. Government And Politics In France Translate this page government and Politics in france. from the. Keele European ResearchCentre at. Keele University. National Anthem 1958 Constitution http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/por/france.htm

Government and Politics in France from the Keele European Research Centre at Keele University National Anthem 1958 Constitution with links to amendments or here President de la Republique (Fr/Eng/Sp/Ger) Premier Ministre/Prime Minister Government Departments Ministere de l'Agriculture et de la Peche Ministere de l'Amenagement du Territoire et de l'Environnement Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres Ministere de la Culture et de la Communication ... French Nuclear Forces Guide from the Federation of American Scientists Ministere de l'Economie, des Finances et de l'Industrie Ministere de l'Education Nationale, de la Recherche et de la Technologie Ministere de l'Emploi et de la Solidarite Ministere de la Fonction Publique et de la Reforme de l'Etat ... Compagnies Republicaines de Securite (CRS) - unofficial home page Governments on the WWW: France French Intelligence Agencies Goov.org - 'French government at a glance', official site in English Service public gateway to civil service sites in English Constitutional Council Cour des Comptes Parliament Assemblee Nationale Senat Mediateur de la Republique Regional Councils Alsace Alsace Online Aquitaine Auvergne ... Lorraine (Eng.Fr.Ger.)

111. National Posters: France - A Government Plan Against Violence In Schools france A government Plan Against Violence in Schools. Presentedby the Department of National Education, Research and Technology. http://www.gold.ac.uk/euconf/posters/france.html

European Conference on Initiatives to Combat School Bullying: National Posters France - A Government Plan Against Violence in Schools Presented by the Department of National Education, Research and Technology On the 5th of November 1997, the Ministry of Education published a plan aimed at combating violence in schools. It was set out with the help of five other ministries : the Ministries of Justice, the Interior, Defence, Culture, and Youth and Sports. The plan comprises both preventative and punitive measures. Statistical data gathered by the national body governing schooling in France shed light on the extent of the phenomenon. Statistics on the variety of violent incidents encountered Three types of schools are concerned: (secondary schools - 10 to 15 years) (secondary schools - 15 to 19 years) (technical high schools - 15 to 20 years) Out of 100 incidents Verbal abuse accounted for: Type 1. Type 2. Type 3. Physical violence: Type 1. Type 2. Type 3. Robberies or attempted robberies: Type 1. Type 2. Type 3. while graffiti accounted for a further 11% of incidents in schools of type Disciplinary hearings Out of the total number of occurrences in each school, without regard to their seriousness:

112. Embassy Of France In Australia - About France Fact Sheets The present system of government in france is based on the Constitution of the FifthRepublic which was adopted by referendum on September 28, 1958, together http://www.ambafrance-au.org/aboutfrance/pages/govt.en.htm

System of Government About France Index All authority in France stems from the people through a system of democratic elections. There are four tiers of territorial administration the State, the Region, the Department and the Municipality. The present system of government in France is based on the Constitution of the Fifth Republic which was adopted by referendum on September 28, 1958, together with its subsequent amendments. In France, the functions of Head of State and Head of Government are carried out by separate individuals. A Strong Executive Power The Fifth Republic, established by the Constitution of 1958, strengthened the power of the executive (the President of the Republic and the government) and ensured that each legislature had a clear political majority, thus putting an end to the instability of the previous regimes. Despite vehement initial opposition from the left, the 1958 Constitution eventually gained fairly wide acceptance, very probably largely because it has allowed changeovers of political power and "cohabitation" between a president and government from different sides of the political spectrum. The need for the head of State to derive his/her legitimacy from the sovereignty of the people led General de Gaulle to propose a key reform of the 1958 text: the election of the President by direct universal suffrage, which was introduced by constitutional amendment in 1962. Shared Executive Power The Constitution of 4 October 1958 had provided for the election of the President of the Republic by indirect universal suffrage by an electoral college comprising the members of Parliament and various representatives of local elected officials. General de Gaulle was elected president under this system in 1958 before being re-elected by direct universal suffrage in 1965. The new procedure broke with the tradition of more than a century which, in the name of the supremacy of Parliament, had prohibited the head of State from being directly elected by the people. It has contributed to strengthening the executive, envisaged ever since 1958 as the cornerstone of the new institutions. Moreover, constitutional practice was to confirm the supremacy of the executive.

113. Embassy Of France In Australia - Useful Links france on the Internet. The French government on the Net. http://www.ambafrance-au.org/links/pages/politics/frgov.en.htm

France on the Internet The French Government on the Net In France Throughout the World Other public sites In France The President of France Prime Minister The Ministry of Foreign Affairs The Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries The Ministry of Capital Works, Transport and Housing The Ministry of the Civil Service, Administrative Reform and Decentralisation Institut International d'Administration Publique (IIAP) The Ministry of Culture The Ministry of Defence The Ministry of the Economy, Finance and Industry The Euro Directorate for Foreign Economic Relations (DREE) The Ministry of Employment and Solidarity The 35 hour week The Ministry of Health The Ministry of Industry The Ministry of the Interior The Ministry of Justice The Ministry of National Education, Research and Technology The Ministry of Overseas Departments and Territories The Ministry of Postal Services, Telecommunications and Space

114. AEGiS-LT Historic AIDS Court Case Opens In France Victims And Keywords ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME, HUMAN IMMUNO DEFICIENCY VIRUS,TRIALS, france government OFFICIALS, france government, government http://www.aegis.com/news/lt/1999/LT990202.html

Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1999. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date. Historic AIDS Court Case Opens in France: Victims and relatives of the deceased tell their stories as a former premier and others charged with manslaughter listen. The Los Angeles Times - Wednesday, February 10, 1999 John-Thor Dahlburg, Times Staff Writer PARISSylvie Rouy, a mother of two who has AIDS and must use a wheelchair, came Tuesday seeking justice. But in pain and fatigued, she had to be whisked by ambulance from the courtroom to a hospital for injections of morphine and cortisone. "This trial has destroyed me, has destroyed my family, my child," said the tearful 35-year-old woman from Lorraine in eastern France . "The ministers knew as early as 1983they knew, but they chose to favor French industry, the prestige of France, and they let human beings be killed. That I cannot forgive." Tuesday morning, in a building near the Arc de Triomphe usually used for diplomatic gatherings, a trial unparalleled in the annals of postwar France began. A former prime minister, Laurent Fabius, and two members of his 1984-86 government are charged with manslaughterwhile in office they allegedly worried more about commerce than the risks of the then-mysterious phenomenon called AIDS. The former Socialist officials, whose political careers have been damaged or ruined because of the scandal, are specifically on trial because blood and blood-based products contaminated with the AIDS virus were transfused into seven people in 1985. Five are now dead, including a baby who was born HIV-positive.

115. France Towards Open E-Government -- Government Agency To Enforce Open Standards france Towards Open egovernment government Agency to Enforce Open Standardsand Promote Open Source / Free software EuroLinux Alliance petition.EuroLinux http://old.lwn.net/2001/1129/pr/pr4501.php3

http://www.atica.pm.gouv.fr/ Application Law which creates ATICA - http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/citoyen/jorf_nor.ow?numjo=PRMX0105055D The Carcenac report which agrees to enforce open standards in public administrations and adopt open source / free software - http://www.internet.gouv.fr/francais/textesref/rapcarcenac/sommaire.htm The Le Déaut / Paul / Cohen / Bloche proposal of Law which suggested the creation of an Agency in charge of enforcing open standards in public administrations - http://www.osslaw.org The Laffitte / Trégouët / Cabanel proposal of Law which suggested the creation of an Agency in charge of enforcing open source / free software in public administrations - http://www.tregouet.org/senat/prop_lois/PL 117 12-99.html SLIS - http://www.ac-grenoble.fr/carmi-internet/slis/ GnuPG - http://www.gnupg.org Mioga - http://www.mioga.org/ and http://www.cgm.org/extranet.html Yihaw - http://www.eionet.eu.int/EIONET_Tech/Yihaw IDA - http://europa.eu.int/ISPO/ida/ Michel Sapin Statements on e-Governement - http://www.fonction-publique.gouv.fr/leministre/lesdiscours/discours-200111151520.htm

116. France Tries To Soften Local Style Of Islam Csmonitor.com While the Algerian government (which funds the Grand Mosque) sends 80 imams to france,and the Moroccan government sends dozens more, most prayer leaders are http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0506/p01s04-woeu.html

117. French Tourist Office For France Tourism, Travel & Tours; Paris Provence Normand French Tourist Office. Practical Information. Accommodations. Regions a la carte. Cultural Sites. Activities. Reservation Services. Bonjour from the French Tourist Office on france travel and france tourism. You will find here information on travel to france. Welcome to france! france Cultural Sites in france Monuments of france. Eiffel tower http://www.francetourism.com/

French Tourist Office always welcome Practical Information Accommodations Regions a la carte Cultural Sites ... Magazines Bonjour from the French Tourist Office Ad info Welcome to the official web site of the French Tourist Office , the authority on France travel and France tourism . You will find here information on travel to France. Welcome to France France maximize your window Paris, je t'aime Paris by night (movie), or Paris by day (movie) , Paris always... More... France The Pinacothèque in Paris Intimate Picasso - Jacqueline's collection. A new space for art in the heart of Paris. More...

118. France Diplomatie - Ministère Des Affaires étrangères Translate this page Cette page sera affichée dans les navigateurs non-cadres. Sélectionnez cemode afin de personnaliser la page pour les navigateurs incompatibles. http://www.france.diplomatie.fr/index.gb.html

119. Le Site Du Premier Ministre Raffarin - Portail Du Gouvernement Français des hôtes de la france et celle des personnes qui Lundi 17 mai sur france 2, Philippe DousteBlazy, ministre politiques développées par le gouvernement en france. Les ministres du http://www.premier-ministre.gouv.fr/

Les titres à la une Les titres précédents Les dossiers d'actualité L'actualité en vidéo ... Participez ! Santé et transport aérien à l'ordre du jour du Conseil des ministres Le Conseil des ministres s'est déroulé en présence du Président de la République et du Premier ministre, exceptionnellement le lundi 7 juin. Deux communications ont en particulier été présentées : le plan de prévention des légionelloses et l’amélioration des standards de sécurité du transport aérien et de l’information des passagers. lire l'article Homophobie : un projet de loi prochainement présenté à l'Assemblée nationale Mardi 8 juin, le Premier ministre a reçu Jean-Luc Roméro et Philippe Maynard, respectivement secrétaire national de l'UMP aux Droits de l'Homme et membre du bureau politique de l’UDF," pour faire le point sur les réponses concrètes que le Gouvernement prépare suite aux demandes des associations homosexuelles lire l'article Un nouvel outil de la rénovation urbaine Lundi 7 juin, Jean-Louis Borloo, ministre de l'Emploi, du Travail et de la Cohésion sociale, Catherine Vautrin, secrétaire d’Etat à l’Intégration et à l’Egalité des chances, et Marc-Philippe Daubresse, secrétaire d’Etat au Logement, ont présenté officiellement l'Agence nationale pour la rénovation urbaine (ANRU) et son comité d'évaluation. lire l'article Le Premier ministre répondait lundi aux questions de Pierre-Luc Séguillon Le Premier répondait lundi 7 juin à Pierre-Luc Séguillon sur LCI. Le Chef du Gouvernement est longuement revenu sur les prochaines élections européennes, ainsi que sur des sujets d'actualité.

120. TELOPEA PARK SCHOOL Binational Kindergarten to Year 10 FrenchAustralian school, established as the result of an agreement between the Governments of france and Australia. Information and history, curriculum, and special programs. English and French versions. http://www.telopea.act.edu.au/

Welcome to Telopea Park School FRENCH VERSION ENGLISH VERSION E-mail: tps@telopea.act.edu.au Privacy Statement ACTivatED inDECS ... Myinternet For comments or corrections on this page email: webmaster@telopea.act.edu.au or phone: +61 2 6205 5599 Date created: Thursday, 23 January 2003 Last reviewed: URL: http://www.telopea.act.edu.au

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