21. Social Exclusion And Africa South Of The Sahara: A Review Of The Literature: Dis Not surprisingly frafra migrants lose faith in their traditions as a estimated to be as many as one million people (compared to the indigenous population of http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/inst/papers/1994/dp62/ch4.htm

About Us Research Education Publications ... Discussion Papers ::Social exclusion and Africa south of the Sahara: A review of the literature What's new "Migration and development: Toward sustainable solutions" by Philip L. Martin. "Social protection, decent work and development" by Ashwani Saith. Report of the Regional Internship Course on Labour and Social Policies for the Promotion of Decent Work Announcement of the Phelan Fellowship Programme, 2004-2005 Subscribe to our mailing list and we will keep you informed about our new publications Social exclusion and Africa south of the Sahara: A review of the literature Chapter 4: EXCLUSION FROM FORMAL AND INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT Labour market research in SSA is characterized by (i) a relative neglect of rural and agricultural labour markets, and (ii) a dualist framework which divides urban economies into a formal and informal sector. It is generally assumed that it is possible to find some work to do in the informal sector, even if it is poorly remunerated, insecure and intermittent. Thus, exclusion is not manifested in open unemployment (which exists and is an increasing problem, but which affects, particularly, relatively welleducated young people, especially secondary school leavers - see Sandbrook 1982, pp. 168-172). Rather it is evident in the way in which certain population groups face restricted options within labour markets. Within the literature, some studies help in identifying factors facilitating and restricting access to more or less remunerative types of jobs. The factors identified include, as Rodgers (1989) has observed for Asian and Latin American cities, both universalist criteria (such as educational qualifications, access to capital for self-employed) and particularistic social affiliations and identities (membership of groups, nationalities and categories). The main social identities for which information is available refer to: gender, ethnic group and nationality.

22. Current Film And Video, Vol. 47, No. 2 Includes footage of Ewe, Ashante, Ga and frafra peoples. Depicts older Tzotzil people discussing the importance Filmed and produced by indigenous videographers http://www.indiana.edu/~ethmusic/publications/ographies/cfv/cfv_47_2.html

Current Films and Videos, Volume 47, no. 2 (Spring/Summer 2003) Compiled by Barbara Rose Lange / University of Houston GENERAL AFRICA AMERICAS ASIA AND OCEANIA ... Distributor Addresses GENERAL Boogaloo Road. AFRICA African Dance: Sand, Drum and Shostakovich . 2003. Directed and produced by Ken Glazebrook and Alla Kovgan. Distributed by Films for the Humanities and Sciences, Princeton, NJ. Video, 70 mins. Explores African contemporary dance through eight modern dance companies from Africa, Europe and Canada that participated in the Festival International de Nouvelle Danse in Montreal, Canada in 1999. Includes interviews with African dance historians. Listen to the Silence: Rhythm in African Music. 2003. Directed by Peter Bischof. Distributed by Filmakers Library, New York, NY. Video, 52 mins. Demonstrates how polyrhythms pervade daily life and music in Ghana. Includes footage of Ewe, Ashante, Ga and Frafra peoples. AMERICAS Candombe. 2002. Produced by Carlos Paez Vilaro, Hassen Balut, and Silvestre Jacobi. Distributed by Latin American Video Archives, New York, NY. Video, 58 mins. Describes the music of the descendants of African slaves in Montevideo, Uruguay. English subtitles. Celebrating American Music.

23. Naturism 2004 no evidence that any of the indigenous peoples of this 170 miles from Salaga, describing the frafra wrote Processions not as widespread as many people imagine http://www.armage.demon.co.uk/nuff/resourcebook/current/nudecultures.html

Sexual Offences Bill 2003 Contents Appendices Changes This is work in progress let me know Nude Cultures Contents Introduction Fully Nude Cultures Both genders normally nude. Africa Turkana, Luo, Wa-taveita, Chagga Pygmies The Americas ... Semi-nude cultures Nudity normal for part of the year or one gender commonly nude. Africa North America Cultures nude when appropriate Cultures in which nudity is or was normal under some circumstances. Africa Nilotic (eg Maasai, Samburu) Ancient Egypt North America ... Cultures nude under some circumstances Cultures in which nudity sometimes occurred. Europe Ancient Romans Modern Europe Asia ... Source material and notes Introduction This article was written in response to an expert who on BBC TV declared that he was unaware of any fully nude cultures and that hence there must be something culturally dangerous about naturism. There have been numerous nude cultures and there are even some that have managed to survive into modern times despite the best efforts of so called civilised man to distort or destroy them. This is not a thorough survey, it has been particularly difficult to find sources for Asia, but otherwise it should give a reasonable overall picture.

24. Africa Direct-Ethnographic Art, Trade Beads, Masks, Carvings, Artifacts, Textile frafra flutelovely $108.00. Carved flute, 9 inches long Zulu People. Zulu spoons were carved by men only, out of a variety of hard and soft woods indigenous to http://www.africadirect.com/specials2.html?category=Specials&pagenum=22&start=63

25. "MUSIC" Related Terms, Short Phrases And Links Traditional frafra music are fiddle, lute and talking drum Resource for people around the world who have an styles of music from the indigenous cultures of http://keywen.com/Regional/Africa/Arts_and_Entertainment/Music/

Help MUSIC Encyclopedia of Keywords Regional Africa Arts and Entertainment ... Michael Charnine Open project! Please edit the future version of this article Keywords MUSICS DANCE MOVIES AFRICAN MUSIC ... MUSIC Review of Short Phrases and Links This Review contains major "MUSIC"- related terms, short phrases and links grouped together in the form of Encyclopedia article. Books about "MUSIC" in Amazon.com Video about "MUSIC" in Amazon.com Order a custom written Review from Encyclopedia Writing Service DEFINITIONS Music is an integral part of African life, society and culture. (Web site) Music is an integral part of the life of every African individual from birth. (Web site) Music is an important part of every Ghanaian’s life, and now echoes all over the world. (Web site) Add your Link MUSICS Juju music. [Nigeria] Fela Kuti - Lady. (Web site) Information, pictures, and music from Senegal and Gambia. (Web site) Rush home to the piano, write words and music in 10 minutes. (Web site) Afromix  - A database of music from Africa and the Caribbean. (Web site) Music by Combo Platter; 7:30-8:30 light hors d'oeuvres, 8:30 awards ceremony.

26. Hort 403 - Reading - Root Crops Wildlife and primitive peoples have always made use of indigenous bulbs, roots aroids (members of the family Araceae), and Coleus ( frafra potatoes ) in http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/tropical/lecture_28/root_crops_Rl.html

Tropical Horticulture © 2002 Jules Janick, Purdue University Reading Root Crops "Root crops" is a convenient catch-all for a wide assortment of species scarcely less important as food plants than the groups discussed in the previous chapter. More than 500 million metric tons are produced annually for human food. The common feature of root crops is their fleshy underground storage organ, often a true root but sometimes a rhizome (tuber), corm, or bulb. Compared to cereal grains and legume seeds, food stored in fleshy roots and tubers is watery and less concentrated. Thus root crops are not generally as easily kept, transported, and marketed. Most are abundant in starch or sugar and low in protein and oil, and hence are useful "energy foods" but do not by themselves supply a balanced diet. Some consumed as fresh vegetables (such as carrots, garlic, parsnips, radish, and onions) are prized more for their flavor, vitamins, and subtle nutrient qualities than as sources of energy. Just the opposite is true of potatoes, sweetpotatoes, cassava, and sugar beets. World gross tonnage of the major root crops is not much less than for the major cereals, although, as noted, the dry nutrient content of root crops is much less (a potato, for example, may be 80% water). Annual world production of potatoes is nearly 300 million metric tons, sweetpotatoes more than 140 million metric tons, manioc or cassava more than 100 million metric tons. Nearly 300 million metric tons of sugar beets are harvested annually. World production and consumption of fresh vegetables is difficult to ascertain, but some 18 million metric tons of onions and 7 million metric tons of carrots make up part of the total.

27. Ambassador from the Ewe, Ashanti, Ga, and frafra peoples of Ghana a proud but little known indigenous people keeping stoically reveal the innermost truth of peoples lives http://www.absbook.com/newsletter/main.html

Home About Ambassador Book Service About Ambassador Media What's New ... Access Media Resource Guide New Media Releases New Media Listings for June 2003 71 West Broadway, Ground Zero, N.Y. Filmakers Library vhs$195.00 Public Performance Rights Included Like thousands of New Yorkers who live downtown, the filmmaker Beverly Peterson witnessed close-up the horrific events of 9/11. Her first instinct was to grab her video camera in order to bear witness to the tragedy unfolding. Filming became a way of surviving the following months as she documented what was happening to her community. Beverly and her husband were forced to evacuate their apartment on West Broadway for several weeks. Then the hard work of cleaning up began. Some businesses in the neighborhood had been forced to close, others limped along, helping each other survive. Many were owned by recent immigrants to N.Y.C. who are featured in the film. The community was forced to organize to demand financial assistance from the government for the cleaning and rehabilitation of individual residences and businesses. They are still rebuilding their lives thanks to their strenuous efforts to help themselves and each other. A film by Beverly Peterson. (20 min., color) The Twin Towers: A History Filmakers Library Vhs$295.00

28. Ghana - Countrywatch.com Region africa. Languages English (official); indigenous african languages (including Asante Twi GaAdangme, Nzema, Dagbani, Dagaari, Kasem, frafra, Buli, Kusaal http://aol.countrywatch.com/aol_country.asp?vcountry=66

29. Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin Ghana Christianity (50 percent), traditional indigenous (22 percent is fairly common among the frafra and other marriage among the matrilineal peoples is far http://www2.rz.hu-berlin.de/sexology/GESUND/ARCHIV/IES/GHANA.HTM

GHANA Demographics and a Historical Perspective 1. Basic Sexological Premises 2. Religious and Ethnic Factors Affecting Sexuality 3. Sexual Knowledge and Education ... References and Suggested Readings Augustine Ankomah, Ph.D. Demographics and a Historical Perspective A. Demographics Slightly under two thirds of 17.7 million Ghanaians lived in rural areas of the country. Ghana has a young population with 45 percent under age 15, 52 percent between ages 15 and 64, and 3 percent 65 and older. The 1995 birthrate was 44 per 1,000 population, and the death rate 12 per 1,000, giving an annual population growth rate of 3.0 percent. The average life expectancy for newborns in 1995 was 54 years for males and 58 for females. Infant mortality is 82 per 1,000 live births. Ghana has one physician per 22,452 persons. The per capita gross domestic product in 1995 was $1,500. B. A Brief Historical Perspective Ghana was named for an African empire that existed along the Niger River between 400 and 1240 of the Common Era. The country was ruled by Britain for 113 years as the Gold Coast. In 1956, the United Nations approved the merger of the Gold Coast with the British Togoland trust territory. In 1957, it emerged as the first country in black Africa to achieve independence from a European power. Since that time, Ghana has witnessed a seesaw of political power shared between military and elected governments. In the years immediately following independence, schools, hospitals, and roads were built, along with hydroelectric power plants and aluminum plants by President Nkrumah, but the economic situation deteriorated between the 1970s and late 1980s. J.J. Rawlings, a flight lieutenant who took over the administration of the country through a military coup in 1979 and again in 1981, won the national election and was sworn in as president in 1993.

30. Consulting Base: Country Briefings Region, africa. Languages, English (official); indigenous african languages (including Asante Twi GaAdangme, Nzema, Dagbani, Dagaari, Kasem, frafra, Buli, Kusaal http://consultingbase.countrywatch.com/cb_country.asp?vCOUNTRY=66

31. Dagbon Cultural Page as well as cassava, sweet and frafra potatoes, cotton she has relieved many ailments with indigenous treatment and in West africa to fail their people in the http://www.dagbon.net/news/feb04_news.htm

document.write(''+''); document.write(''+''); Go to News Archives February 27, 2004 We Will Arrest Ya-Naa's Killers – E.T. Mensah Seminar on Islamic Banking Kicks Off Today ... Talensi NPP Chairman Buried February 27, 2004 We Will Arrest Ya-Naa's Killers – E.T. Mensah The National Democratic Congress (NDC) has promised the chiefs and people of Dagbon that they would arrest the killers of Ya-Na Yakubu Andani should the NDC be voted to power come 2005. Speaking after a five hours walk organised by the Ayawaso East Constituency branch executives of the NDC in Accra over the weekend. Hon. Enoch Teye Mensah, the NDC Member of Parliament for Ningo/Prampram in the Greater Accra region said the NDC would arrest the killers of the Ya-Na within six weeks of the day the party assumes office in 2005. According to him, the ruling NPP has failed to arrest the culprits of the heinous crime committed against the people of Dagbon because the NPP allegedly had a hand in the crime. They have refused to bring to book the perpetrators of the crime committed against humanity at Dagbon, he said, giving the assurance that the NDC would not relent in its efforts to arrest prosecute the killers of Ya-Na. Among other things, he called on the supporters to endeavour to turn out in their numbers to register to enable them vote in the general elections to unseat the NPP to bring back ‘Sankofa' NDC. Taking part in the walk that started at Nima-Dunia Cinema through New Town to Pig Farm all the way to Accra Girls School and back to Nima roundabout were Prof. Mills, the party's flagbearer, Elvis Afriyie Ankrah, the flagbearer's campaign manager, Hon Dr Mustapha Mohammed, the MP for Ayawaso East, Hon E.T. Mensah, Hon Edith Haziel, the MP for Evalue-Gwira and Mr. Joshua Alabi, the Greater Accra Regional Chairman.

32. Ghana Ethnic Groups Ewe. frafra. Ga. Guan. the Independence Movements INDEPENDENT GHANA Nkrumah, Ghana, and africa indigenous people of Ghana into five major groups. http://www.babieca.com/cgi-bin/engine/smartsearch.cgi?keywords=Ghana Ethnic Grou

33. Joshua Project - Peoples By Country Profiles People Name General Ble. indigenous Fellowship of 100 http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=101518&rog3=UV

34. ListRecords Ukarumpa Summer Institute of Linguistics. the use of indigenous peoples) /title relation Kivung Comparative reconstruction of indigenous languages /title relation In the phonology of http://www.ethnologue.com/sil_archives.asp?verb=ListRecords&metadataPrefix=o

35. Let Us Speak Dagaare: Ye E Ka Yele Dagaare Dagaare may be the fourth largest indigenous language of the Dagomba, the Kusaasi, the frafra, the Mamprusi Dagao that more and more people migrate southwards http://mysite.verizon.net/vze827ph/lawra_language_culture.htm

Dagaare Language and Culture Written by: Dr. A. B. Bodomo Dept of Linguistics University of Hong Kong Introduction: The Dagaare language and its speakers Geographical spread and Genetic classification Dagaare is the major language of the north-western parts of Ghana and adjoining areas of Burkina Faso. The area being delineated is between latitudes 9 o N and 11 o N and longitudes 2 o W and 3 o W. This area covers the Upper-West Region and parts of the Northern Region of Ghana. Other speech forms closely related to Dagaare are Waale; and Birifor. In fact, they constitute a dialect continuum of varying degrees of mutual intelligibility. The Dagaare-Waale-Birifor linguistic continuum is sometimes lumped together as one language in this part of the country. This group is bordered to the east by the Sisaala language and to the South by Gonja, Vagla, and Safaliba. To the west and north, this dialect continuum extends across the Black Volta and the international boundary into Burkina Faso where variants of this linguistic group are spoken in and around towns like Dano, Diebougou, Dissin, and Gaoua. The major towns covered by the linguistic group in Ghana are Wa, Lawra, Jirapa, Nandom, Hamile, Nadawli, Kaleo, Daffiama, and Tuna. It must be realised, however, that Dagaare is not limited to this traditional homeland as has been described above. The language has spread to many parts of Ghana because of the high degree of social and geographical mobility of the people who speak Dagaare as a native language, among other reasons.

36. UCLA Department Of History - African History GARRARD, Timothy*, Brasscasting among the frafra of Northern Ghana A History of the Luvale People, 1000-1900 WAITE, Gloria, The indigenous Medical System in East http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/history/graduate/fields/dissertation.html

Faculty History Graduate Excellence Graduate Placement ... Printer Friendly Version of Website UCLA Dissertations in Africa History ACHEBE, Nwando "Farmers, Traders, Warriors and Kings: Female Power and Authority in Northern Igboland 1900-1960" ADEDZE, Agbenyega "Collector, Collections, and Exhibitions: The History of Museums in Francophone West Africa""Collector, Collections, and Exhibitions: The History of Museums in Francophone West Africa" AHANOTU, Austin Metumara "The Economics of Religion: A Study of the Development of the Igbo Spirit of Enterprise, 1800-1955" AHMED, Christine "Before Eve was Eve: 2200 Years of Gendered History in East-Central Africa" AIDOO, Agnes "Political Crisis and Social Change in the Asante Kingdom, 1867-1901" ALI, Mohamed Nuuh "History in the Horn of Africa, 1000 BC. - 1500 AD: Aspects of Social and Economic Change Between the Rift Valley and the Indian Ocean" ALLYN, David

37. Greneweca Progress to help national Scientists to train more people in their survey of collecting and documenting of indigenous knowledge on Evaluation of frafra potato collection http://www.ipgri.cgiar.org/regions/ssa/Networking/grenewecaprogress.htm

myTitle = "ssatitle" Genetic resources network for west and central Africa (GRENEWECA) Summary of Progress The GRENEWECA network was established in 1998. It is therefore in very preliminary stages of project implementation. A number of activities have however been undertaken, some of which are already showing positive outcomes. Following are some of the key achievements: National programme development The Network has supported national workshops in plant genetic resources in The Gambia, Chad and Mauritania in February, March and September 2000. IPGRI and GRENEWECA have contributed to these workshops by providing the organisers with documentation on minimum elements for a functional national programme and information on issues related to the implementation of the Global Plan of Action on genetic resources for food and agriculture. - National Committee meetings were held in Benin, Senegal and Togo. Activities carried out by various partners were presented and discussed, and strategies for coordination in activities developed. - To strengthen the germplasm conservation capacities and communication facilities, the national PGR programmes of Benin, Cameroon, Ghana, Guinea Conakry, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria and Togo were provided with conservation facilities and/or computers with accessories.

38. REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE men involved in local portering are either indigenous to the 25 yearold frafra (a northern Ghanaian tribe) truck boy of Cairo is 6.7 million people in addition http://www.unhabitat.org/HD/hdv4n2/region.htm

REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE Urban Transport in Sub-Saharan Africa by Xavier Godard and Hubert Ngabmen In 1990, public transport in African cities reached crisis proportions: supply was stable or decreasing as the mobility needs increased very rapidly due to the high urbanization rates. The gap between supply and needs was increasing, threatening the efficiency of cities. The policies of the 1990s have been characterized mainly by privatization and deregulation of the urban transport sector, following the structural adjustment policies promoted by the World Bank. This has confirmed the importance of what is usually called informal transport but which could be preferably considered as small-sized enterprises. Cars Rapides , in operating and financing the urban transport sector. Another aspect of the public transport evolution can be observed at the institutional level, with attempts to set up competent bodies in the field of urban transport organization. The most interesting case is Dakar, with the creation of Conseil Executif des Transports Urbains de Dakar (CETUD) in 1997, after a protracted process. On the other hand, there has also been a growth in private transport operators in Dakar who have been successful enough to build large fleets, estimated at a hundred vehicles. Their vehicles are popular with users as they offer a better service compared to the other

39. The Centre For Advanced Studies Of African Society in 5 countries; Gur (Gurunshi, frafra, Senufo, Moree As a result, indigenous languages ‘are not accorded English for Globalisation or for the Worlds People? http://www.casas.co.za/papers_native.htm

WELCOME SCOPE OF OUR OPERATIONS Khoisan Language Studentship Scholarship Scheme CASAS/IDRC Acacia Project PUBLICATIONS Tinabantu Book Series Monograph Series Occasional Papers ... CONTACT US Last updated: 25.02.2004 GOING NATIVE: Language of Instruction for Education, Development and African Emancipation Kwesi Kwaa Prah. The Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society (CASAS). Cape Town. Keynote Address presented to the Launch Workshop of Language of Instruction in Tanzania and South Africa (LOITASA), Morogoro, Tanzania: 22nd to 24th April 2002 Introduction Table 1 (Education Enrolment for Primary and Secondary Schools Growth Percentages in Selected African Countries; 1960-1983) (1) Country Growth in Primary Enrolments (%) Growth in Secondary enrolments (%) Tanzania 781% 370% Kenya 553% 1988% Zambia 415% 230% Lesotho 204% 96% Zimbabwe 440% 148% Swaziland 382% 145% Botswana 550% 250% Malawi 297% 80% Nyerere provides illustrative figures for Tanzania during its early years of independence. Writing in 1967 in his document Education for Self-Reliance he informs us that:

40. +State & Country List Ghana 2: Buy Online was handcarved by members of the frafra tribe of The Dongo people have an annual celebration to thank their 8-key instrument is made of indigenous woods, twine http://www.traveldrama.com/shop/ghana-1.html

Furniture Garden Gifts Workshop Specialty Shops ... Visit Costa Rica Remember to bookmark this page so you can continue later. Photo Gallery Custom Gallery Prints Shop the web: TravelDrama.com, Albania Algeria Andorra Angola ... Zimbabwe Wait! There's more Ghana. Your on page of 3. Select page: Full merchant listing: Overstock.com Browse best from: Overstock.com Circle of Friends Figurine (Ghana) Only $23.99 MORE... Full merchant listing: Overstock.com Browse best from: Overstock.com Mali Mask (Ghana) Only $23.99 MORE... Full merchant listing: Overstock.com Browse best from: Overstock.com Baluba Brass Mask (Ghana) Only $23.99 MORE... Full merchant listing: Overstock.com Browse best from: Overstock.com Decorated Fulani Mask (Ghana) Only $23.99 MORE... Full merchant listing: Overstock.com Browse best from: Overstock.com Small Cora Musical Instrument (Ghana) Add a unique instrument to your collection with this Cora from Ghana, Africa. The Cora (Kora) is a unique instrument with a harp-like appearance and a notched bridge similar to that of a lute or guitar. It is the highest developed string instrument of Africa which dates back from Ancient times and is widely used around the Sub Saharan Region during tribal musical festivals. The handcrafted nature of this product will produce slight variations in form and sizing. All measurements are approximate. Imported. . : AC162. Musical Instruments. Musical Instruments. . Only $24.99

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