21. Fossil Fuel fossil fuel. fossil fuels are hydrocarbon fuels or hydrocarbon containingfuels such as petroleum (including natural gas) and coal. http://www.fact-index.com/f/fo/fossil_fuel.html

Main Page See live article Alphabetical index Fossil fuel Fossil fuels are hydrocarbon fuels or hydrocarbon containing fuels such as petroleum (including natural gas ) and coal . The utilization of fossil fuels has fueled industrial development and largely supplanted water driven mills and wood or peat burning for heat. With nuclear power , it makes up the category of nuclear-fossil energy When generating electricity , energy from the combustion of fossil fuels is often used to power a turbine . Older generators used steam generated by the burning of the fuel to turn the turbine, but in newer power plants the gases produced by burning of the fuel turn a gas turbine directly. The burning of fossil fuels is the major source of emissions of carbon dioxide which is one of the greenhouse gases Origin There are two theories on the origin of fossil fuels: the biogenic theory and the abiogenic theory. The two theories have been intensely debated since the , shortly after the discovery of widespread petroleum. According to the biogenic theory, fossil fuels are the altered remnants of ancient plant and animal life deposited in sedimentary rocks. The organic molecules associated with these organisms forms a group of chemicals known as kerogens which are then transformed into hydrocarbons by the process of catagenesis . According to the abiogenic theory, fossil fuels are primordial, being part of the Earth as it formed.

22. ENERGY FACTS: PETROLEUM Crude oil, also called petroleum, is a complex mixture of carbon and hydrogen FIGURE3 Economically recoverable fossil fuels are not distributed evenly. http://www.iclei.org/EFACTS/PETRO.HTM

PETROLEUM Since "rock oil" was discovered near Titusville, Pennsylvania, in 1859, by a man drilling for water, crude oil, also called Petroleum, has become the world's foremost source of energy, and the backbone of our industrial society. Oil accounts for 38% of energy use worldwide. Oil's liquid form, high energy density, and relatively clean burning nature make it the most versatile of all fuels. When oil was first discovered, it was primarily used in the form of kerosene for lamps and stoves. Since that time, inventors have developed hundreds of new uses for oil, with the most prominent being the internal combustion engine. Oil was plentiful and cheap throughout most of the twentieth century, resulting in patterns of transportation and land use based upon the private automobile. Oil was also extensively used for heating homes and generating electricity; and since oil was so cheap, it was not used very efficiently. The world's romance with oil came to a crashing halt in 1973, when OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) unilaterally raised prices and cut production. Oil prices skyrocketed, there were huge lineups for gasoline in the U.S., and oil suddenly became a political issue. More recently, dwindling supplies in the industrial world and concerns over global warming are also beginning to change the world's oil consumption patterns. Crude oil, also called petroleum, is a complex mixture of carbon and hydrogen (hydrocarbons), which exist as a liquid in the earth's crust. On average, crude oil is made up of 83% carbon (C) and 12% hydrogen (H), with the remainder being sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen. Crude oil found in different locations is never exactly the same. Some is black, thick and tar like, while other crude oils are lighter in colour, thinner and more volatile. The carbon and hydrogen in crude oil are thought to have originated from the remains of microscopic marine organisms that were deposited at the bottom of seas and oceans. After having been buried under huge layers of other sediments, the organic material is transformed at high temperature and pressure into crude oil and natural gas. The oil and gas are then squeezed out of the marine shales in which they were deposited, and make their way into porous sedimentary rocks such as sandstones and limestones.

23. Nuteeriat: The Origins Of Fossil Fuels fossil fuel sources are essentially complex mixtures, with no two deposits chemicallyidentical. Coal often has a much higher sulphur content than petroleum, http://www.aoi.com.au/matrix/Nut03.html

CHAPTER 13 THE ORIGINS OF FOSSIL FUELS "Science when well digested is nothing but good sense and reason" - Stanislaus, King of Poland: Maxims, No.43. By now we have set the scene for a more detailed look at the origin of fossil fuels. Of course, the main fossil fuels are coal, mineral oil, and natural gas, with a few less important sources such as lignite, bitumen, and tar sands. The outstanding feature of all fossil fuels is that they contain a lot of carbon. Coal is especially rich, with up to 95%. The others are mainly hydrocarbons, compounds of carbon with hydrogen, sometimes with other elements present, but even in these the proportion of carbon is high, around 82-87% by weight. About Coal Coal was one of the earliest minerals to be be developed in today's technological society, in fact it was one of the main props for the Industrial Revolution, which started in Britain. Britain has considerable coal deposits and a long history of geological discovery, so the nature of coal deposits in that country have become known in great detail. Figure 13.1 (taken from the 1875 Encyclopaedia Britannica) shows the various geological strata found in conjunction with the Coal Measures of different parts of Britain. The actual coal seams vary in thickness from a mere film to as much as 15 metres. In other parts of the world even thicker seams have been found, as in the south of France and in India, up to 60m thick or more.

24. Fossil-Fuel Dependency - Do Oil Reserves Foretell Bleak Future? For an economy still reliant on fossil fuels, the effects would be catastrophic.As the oil supply shrinks, essential petroleumdependent products (that is http://www.commondreams.org/views04/0402-10.htm

Home Newswire About Us Donate ... Archives Featured Views Printer Friendly Version E-Mail This Article Published on Friday, April 2, 2004 by the San Francisco Chronicle Fossil-Fuel Dependency - Do Oil Reserves Foretell Bleak Future? by Alejandro Eggers Moreno Gasoline prices have reached their highest mark ever in the United States just as oil giant Royal Dutch/Shell has slashed its petroleum reserve estimates by 20 percent, after a monumental accounting scandal. While soaring prices at the pump have the public worried about another 1970s-style oil crisis, waiting in line might ultimately be the least of our concerns. An increasing number of prominent petroleum geologists including many former oil company employees have warned that official estimates of available global oil reserves are dangerously exaggerated. They may well be right. For energy companies such as Shell, proven oil and gas reserves are their primary indicator of economic health. They have every incentive to boost reserve estimates; the more oil they can claim, the more competitive and attractive to shareholders they appear. But private companies are not the only ones with an incentive to inflate estimates. In the mid 1980s, OPEC decided to factor in member states' reserves when determining their market share. Global oil reserves jumped overnight. Today, the more oil a country can claim the methods each uses to determine this are a closely guarded secret the more influence it has on the global energy scene. As a result, say the geologists, there may be considerably less oil in the world than the oil-producing countries and energy companies claim, and global oil production could peak far sooner than expected some predict as early as 2010. Once that happens, getting at the remaining oil becomes increasingly difficult and expensive. For an economy still reliant on fossil fuels, the effects would be catastrophic. As the oil supply shrinks, essential petroleum-dependent products (that is, nearly everything in modern society, from transportation to electricity to basic foodstuffs) are rendered either unavailable or unaffordable. Eventually, as companies such as Shell employ even more complex and invasive drilling techniques, the energy required to extract a barrel of oil exceeds the amount it can generate, and oil ceases altogether to be an energy source.

25. Energy Generation (Chapter 7): Fossil Fuels And Nuclear Power Three forms of fossil fuel coal. petroleum. natural gas. You ve read thatfossil fuels are nonrenewable. Are fossil fuels really non-renewable? http://ripley.wo.sbc.edu/departmental/env-studies/geo/energy.htm

Home Up Aerial Photos Global Positioning Systems (GPS) [ Energy Generation (Chapter 7): Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Power ] Energy Generation: Energy From Renewable Resources Biomes Biogeography Biodiversity ... Managing the Environment Energy Generation This topic can be divided up into three sections: fossil fuels and nuclear power "alternative" energy energy conservation Start off with some important points 1) Even though chapter seven in your book is called "Energy Generation," we can't in fact generate energy. We can only harvest it, and transform it from a less useable to a more useable form. This image shows this transformation for crude oil and coal, two kinds of fossil fuel. 2) Where does our energy come from? The main source, by far, is the sun. Minor sources include geothermal energy, nuclear fission, energy from volcanos. 3) When we harvest and use energy, much is lost during the process. Our efficiency of transformation is not great. Energy is lost during the harvesting process, refinement, transportation, and when it is actually used. At each step, we lose energy. 4) The use of energy is critical for our well-being and to maintain our standard of living. Therefore, energy production is tightly linked to economics and to our national security. Protection of our sources of energy is critical.

26. Fossil Fuel --  Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Online Article fossil fuels include coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Like petroleum andnatural gas, it is a carbonbased fossil fuel. (See also Gas, http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article?eu=390054&query=fossil fuel&ct=

27. Fossil Fuel --  Encyclopædia Britannica fossil fuels include coal, natural gas, petroleum, shale oil, and bitumen. Like petroleumand natural gas, it is a carbonbased fossil fuel. (See also Gas, http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=35640&tocid=0&query=fossil fuel&ct=

28. Fossil Fuels: The Non-renewable Resources would deny that the consumption of fossil fuels will eventually how and when thevarious fuels will decline in the prices of US petroleum products including http://www.wri.org/wri/climate/jm_oil_003.html

Home Global topics Climate change and energy Climate change and energy ... SaveClimate.net Fossil fuels: The non-renewable resources Source: James J. MacKenzie . March 1996, Updated March 2000. Oil as a finite resource: When is global production likely to peak? Oil makes the single largest contribution to world energy supply, at 40 percent. In 1998, fossil fuels were used to meet about 90 percent of global commercial-energy demand. (See World commercial energy supply In energy terms, oil makes the single largest contribution to world energy supply, at 40 percent, followed by coal at 26 percent and natural gas at about 24 percent. Non-renewable, fossil fuels take millions of years to form, so for all intents and purposes they are finite and, ultimately, exhaustible energy resources. While few would deny that the consumption of fossil fuels will eventually lead to their exhaustion, how and when the various fuels will decline remain uncertain. The debate over conventional crude oil is of especially great interest because of its dominant role in global energy supply. (a) World crude oil prices shows the trend, in constant dollars, in global crude oil prices between 1970 and 1999. The 20-year gradual price decline beginning in 1980 was at least partly the cause of OPEC's cut in oil production with a subsequent rise in the price of crude oil that began in 1999 and led to major jumps in the prices of US petroleum products including gasoline, diesel fuel, and jet fuel.

29. Petroleum Use In regard to continuing dependency on fossil fuels, especially petroleum,what is the major implication of shrinking net energy? http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/courses/geog100/PetroleumUse.htm

Petroleum Use "The program of the devotees of fossil-fuel is a formula for further concentration of wealth and power: keep society hooked on petroleum and uranium; delay the solar transition until the oil and gas are too costly to recover; then burn up the coal and slap a meter on the sun." Daniel M. Berman and John T. O'Connor, 1996, Who Owns the Sun Assigned outside reading Miller, pp. 96-99; 121-126 As sign ed online reading Read for the main ideas: "The End of Cheap Oil," by Colin J. Campbell and Jean H. Laherrère, Scientific American , March 1998 "Within the next decade, the supply of conventional oil will be unable to keep up with demand. This conclusion contradicts the picture one gets from oil industry reports..." [3,900 words] Optional update by Colin J. Campbell: "The Imminent Peak of World Oil Production," Presentation to a House of Commons All-Party Committee on July 7th 1999. Shrinking Net Energy from Fossil Fuels (tutorial by T. Detwyler) [800 words] Some Solutions to Petroleum Use OPTIONAL lecture material Editorial comment by Thomas Detwyler on Exxon's takeover of Mobil: Rockefeller's Ghost Returns to Prove the "Law of Concentration of Capital"

30. Petroleum Use: Shrinking Net Energy petroleum use. Shrinking Net Energy from fossil fuels. The key to understandingenergy issues is to look at the energy price of energy. http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/courses/geog100/Petrol-ShrinkNetE.htm

Petroleum use Shrinking Net Energy from Fossil Fuels "The key to understanding energy issues is to look at the 'energy price' of energy. Energy resources that consume more energy than they produce are worthless as sources of energy. This thermodynamic law applies no matter how high the 'money price' of energy goes. For example, if it takes more energy to search for and mine a barrel of oil than the energy recovered, then it makes no energy sense look for that barrel—no matter how high the money price of oil goes." Jay Hanson, 1998, Titanic Sinks Note: The following material, slightly revised and updated, is drawn from "Energy, Environment and Social Change," by Thomas Detwyler, 1979, pp. 42-76 in Current Issues V: The Yearbook of Environmental Education and Environmental Studies , ed. by Arthur B. Sacks and C.B. Davis, publ. by ERIC, Columbus, Ohio.) In the past, energy-intensive practices generally were successful in solving at least temporarily the problems to which they were applied. But yesterday's solution has become today's problem. Without cheap, safe, and abundant energy, most of the proposed technological solutions to the problems of growth evaporate. Resource scarcity, together with factors inherent in corporate capitalism, will increase energy prices; and increased environmental stress, associated with high energy use, has reduced both environmental tolerance and the amount of work that Nature does for "free" (Odum and Odum, 1976). An example of the latter is the reduction (by the early 1970s) of forest productivity in New England by 10 percent, because of acid rain resulting from combustion of vast amounts of sulfurous fuels upwind from the region (Woodwell, 1974). Thus, energy-intensive "solutions" become more costly both economically and environmentally.

31. Fossil Fuel - Reference Library fossil fuel. fossil fuels are hydrocarbon fuels or hydrocarbon containingfuels such as petroleum (including natural gas) and coal. http://www.campusprogram.com/reference/en/wikipedia/f/fo/fossil_fuel.html

Reference Library: Encyclopedia Main Page See live article Alphabetical index Fossil fuel Fossil fuels are hydrocarbon fuels or hydrocarbon containing fuels such as petroleum (including natural gas ) and coal . The utilization of fossil fuels has fueled industrial development and largely supplanted water driven mills and wood or peat burning for heat. With nuclear power , it makes up the category of nuclear-fossil energy When generating electricity , energy from the combustion of fossil fuels is often used to power a turbine . Older generators used steam generated by the burning of the fuel to turn the turbine, but in newer power plants the gases produced by burning of the fuel turn a gas turbine directly. The burning of fossil fuels is the major source of emissions of carbon dioxide which is one of the greenhouse gases Origin There are two theories on the origin of fossil fuels: the biogenic theory and the abiogenic theory. The two theories have been intensely debated since the , shortly after the discovery of widespread petroleum. According to the biogenic theory, fossil fuels are the altered remnants of ancient plant and animal life deposited in sedimentary rocks. The organic molecules associated with these organisms forms a group of chemicals known as kerogens which are then transformed into hydrocarbons by the process of catagenesis . According to the abiogenic theory, fossil fuels are primordial, being part of the Earth as it formed.

32. The Case Against New Fossil Fuel Exploration peoples, is to phase out the global use of fossil fuels. The first step towards phaseout is to stop looking for more. New exploration for petroleum, a global http://www.ran.org/oilreport/

Drilling to the Ends of the Earth the case against new fossil fuel exploration Introduction Order report Contents Introduction How Much Oil Is There? The Changing Climate Frontier Ecosystems ... Conclusion Boxes The Gas Gamble Voices From The Frontier The Numbers Case Studies Western Amazon Central Africa South East Asia Russia Appendices Map Of Impacted Areas Kyoto Declaration The quest for oil has defined the twentieth century. Many still view oil as black gold, a resource to be exploited as economically and expediently as possible. But those who seek to emulate the reserves of Rockefeller or the size of Shell with the power of petroleum are running out of time. Oil's day is over. Over 800 billion barrels of oil have been burned since the search for oil began in 1859. What has happenned to those 800 billion barrels, what it has cost to get those 800 billion barrels, and why we cannot afford to burn 800 billion more, is the subject of this report. It's not that we're running out of oil - it's that we cannot afford to burn what we already have. This business cannot continue as usual. As this report reveals, the oil industry currently spends $156 billion annually seeking new reserves of oil and gas. Meanwhile, the world's top climate scientists agree that to burn this new petroleum ensures devastating climate change. If we burn more than approximately a quarter of existing reserves, we risk sufferring the worst impacts of climate change. Why then, is the industry still looking for more?

33. The Case Against New Fossil Fuel Exploration As the consumption of fossil fuels has increased, the oil industry has continuedto look for more. This ongoing exploration by the petroleum industry is not http://www.ran.org/oilreport/frontier.html

Drilling to the Ends of the Earth the case against new fossil fuel exploration How Much Oil and Gas Is There? Order report Contents Introduction How Much Oil Is There? The Changing Climate Frontier Ecosystems ... Conclusion Boxes The Gas Gamble Voices From The Frontier The Numbers Case Studies Western Amazon Central Africa South East Asia Russia Appendices Map Of Impacted Areas Kyoto Declaration Who will open up Tibet, or claim the last acre of the Amazon, the hills of central India, the jungles of Borneo, the steppes of Siberiathe merchant or the missionary?" - William Cameron Townsend, 1942 We are nearing the end of the century of oil. In almost every corner of the world, from rainforests to frozen tundra, teams of geologists have scrutinized the Earth, looking for signs of oil. Initially, the demand for crude was only as a replacement for whale oil. In the one hundred and fifty years since that time, the oil industry has grown to be the world's largest, and has fueled the industrial revolution, the rise in consumerism, and the modern global economy. Over 800 billion barrels of oil have been burned since the search for oil began in 1859.

34. "Fossil Fuels" By Edward Willett Without petroleum, modern industry couldn t functionmore s the pity, becausethe use of fossil fuels carries a pretty high cost, starting with the http://www.edwardwillett.com/Columns/fossilfuels.htm

LIBRARY NAVIGATION SYSTEM Click on a CD to access data Home My featured science column My science fiction ... Contact me Fossil Fuels Our modern society is based on "fossil fuels," which may sound to you like we're burning dinosaur bones for heat. We aren't, but we are burning the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago, releasing the solar energy the plants captured through photosynthesis and the animals captured by eating the plants. A coal bed starts out (we thinkvery few people have the patience to directly observe a process that takes millions of years) as a silted-over peat bog. As the layer of sediment over the bog increases, it forces water out of the peat. The peat becomes richer in carbon and deficient in oxygen, until eventually hydrogen stops combining with oxygen to form water and instead starts combining with carbon to form hydrocarbons. Spongy, fibrous peat becomes hard, brittle coal: vegetable matter turns into rock. Similarly, petroleum (Latin for "rock oil") starts out as layers of marine planktonmicroscopic plants and animalsat the bottom of the sea. Sediments build up over these layers, and as in coal, the pressure and heat force out water and oxygen, leading to the formation of a variety of hydrocarbons, from tar to gas.

35. DIE OFF - A Population Crash Resource Page petroleum geologists have known for 50 years that global oil production would peak and more than a fraction of the power now being generated by fossil fuels. http://dieoff.org/

Synopsis Search Oil Depletion Economic Theory ... Systems DIE OFF "If a path to the better there be, it begins with a full look at the worst." Thomas Hardy Petroleum geologists have known for 50 years that global oil production would "peak" and begin its inevitable decline within a decade of the year 2000. Moreover, no renewable energy systems have the potential to generate more than a fraction of the power now being generated by fossil fuels. In short, the transition to declining energy availability signals a transition in civilization as we know it. Read the entire synopsis now! Click here to visitand if you like, subscribeto the EnergyResources (news)Group. Closely associated with this DieOff.Com web site, the EnergyResources Group deals with the systemic aspects of energy, ecology and human culture. This web site was created and maintained from 1999 to February 2003 by Jay Hanson In February 2003, Tom Robertson took over content development, maintenance and operational costs. THE END OF FOSSIL FUELS Click here for links to other energy sites FIVE FUNDAMENTAL ERRORS: The Short Version , by Jay Hanson, 11/13/2001 FIVE FUNDAMENTAL ERRORS: The Long Version , by Jay Hanson, 11/13/2001 ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY , by Jay Hanson, 11/13/2001 A SECT WITH A CREED AND A POLITICAL PROGRAM , by Jay Hanson, 11/13/2001 REACHING FOR HEAVEN ON EARTH , by Robert H. Nelson

36. DIE OFF - Energy Synopsis petroleum geologists have known for 50 years that global oil production would peak morethan a tiny fraction of the power now being generated by fossil fuels. http://dieoff.org/synopsis.htm

Home (Permission to reprint expressly granted!) Petroleum geologists have known for 50 years that global oil production would "peak" and begin its inevitable decline within a decade of the year 2000. Moreover, no renewable energy systems have the potential to generate more than a tiny fraction of the power now being generated by fossil fuels. In short, the end of oil signals the end of civilization, as we know it. For an explanation of the above graphic, see http://dieoff.com/page224.htm SYNOPSIS by Jay Hanson, Mar, 8, 2001 http://www.dieoff.org What becomes of the surplus of human life? It is either, 1st. destroyed by infanticide, as among the Chinese and Lacedemonians; or 2d. it is stifled or starved, as among other nations whose population is commensurate to its food; or 3d. it is consumed by wars and endemic diseases; or 4th. it overflows, by emigration, to places where a surplus of food is attainable." James Madison, 1791 ENERGY IS the capacity to do work (no energy = no work). Thus, the global economy is 100 percent dependent on energy it always has been, and it always will be. THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS tells us that neither capital nor labor nor technology can "create" energy. Instead, available energy must be spent to transform existing matter (e.g., oil), or to divert an existing energy flow (e.g., wind) into more available energy.

37. Fossil Fuels And Environmental Pollution TOPICS Introduction to fossil fuels Natural gas, petroleum and coal technologiesfossil fuel conversion, conservation Pollution prevention and remediation http://tigger.uic.edu/classes/hon/hon201gam/

HONORS SEMINAR (HON 201) Fossil Fuels and Environmental Pollution Instructor: G.A. Mansoori, Professor Department: Chemical Engineering Office: 202 CEB Phone: (312) 996-5592 E-Mail: Mansoori@UIC.edu Home page: http://www.uic.edu/~mansoori/TRL_html Seminar Description: Fossil fuel sources, conversion, conservation. Advances in natural gas, petroleum and coal utilization. Green-house gases, global warming and other environmental effects. Pollution prevention and remediation. TOPICS Introduction to fossil fuels Natural gas, petroleum and coal technologies Fossil fuel conversion, conservation Pollution prevention and remediation Global warming, green-house gases Socioeconomic aspects of fossil fuel use Concluding remarks Sources of Information and Reference Texts: 1. Materials included on the following websites: ARTERIAL BLOCKAGE / FOULING in the PETROLEUM and NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES / UIC Fossil Energy / Department of Energy INRESC 1998 INRESC 1993 Global Warming / Environmental Protection Agency FTEC 2000 FTEC 1997 FTEC 1994 Carbon Dioxide and Climate Change / NAS Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming: Mitigation, Adaptation, and the Science Base

38. Nuclear-fossil Fuels - Encyclopedia Article About Nuclear-fossil Fuels. Free Acc fossil fuels fossil fuels are hydrocarbon fuels or hydrocarbon containingfuels such as petroleum (including natural gas) and coal. http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Nuclear-fossil fuels

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Nuclear-fossil fuels Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition The category of nuclear-fossil fuels encompasses the main non- renewable Renewable energy is energy from a source which can be managed so that it is not subject to depletion in a human timescale . Sources include the sun's rays, wind, waves, rivers, tides, biomass, and geothermal. Renewable energy does not include energy sources which are dependent upon limited resources, such as fossil fuels and nuclear fission power. =General Information= Most renewable Click the link for more information. sources of energy, namely: Nuclear energy A nuclear reactor is an apparatus in which nuclear fission chain reactions are initiated, controlled, and sustained at a steady rate. Nuclear reactors provide heat for electricity generation, domestic and industrial heating, desalination, and naval propulsion. They also have many research applications including providing a source of neutrons and creating various radioactive isotopes. Although the term 'nuclear reactor' could also refer to a nuclear fusion reactor, the term normally refers only to nuclear fission devices.

39. Fossil Fuel - Encyclopedia Article About Fossil Fuel. Free Access, No Registrati Nuclear energy and its nuclear wastes. fossil fuels Coal; petroleum (includingnatural gas). Click the link for more information. . http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/fossil fuel

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Fossil fuel Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Fossil fuels are hydrocarbon In chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting only of carbon and hydrogen. They all consist of carbon backbone and atoms of hydrogen attached to that backbone, also see aliphatic hydrocarbons. For example, methane (swamp gas) is a hydrocarbon with one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms: CH , ethane is a hydrocarbon (more specifically, an alkane) consisting of two carbon atoms held together with a single bond, each with three hydrogen atoms bonded C H , propane has three C atoms (C H ) and so on. Click the link for more information. fuels or hydrocarbon In chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting only of carbon and hydrogen. They all consist of carbon backbone and atoms of hydrogen attached to that backbone, also see aliphatic hydrocarbons. For example, methane (swamp gas) is a hydrocarbon with one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms: CH , ethane is a hydrocarbon (more specifically, an alkane) consisting of two carbon atoms held together with a single bond, each with three hydrogen atoms bonded C H , propane has three C atoms (C H ) and so on.

40. Canada's Fossil Fuel Dependency Clearly, the exploration, development and use of fossil fuels conflicts in many Theproposed petroleum development areas support roughly 20,000 fishery workers http://www.elements.nb.ca/theme/fuels/irene/novaczek.htm

La dépendance du Canada sur les combustibles fossiles "Des combustibles fossiles abondants et peu dispendieux ont fourni l’énergie pour l’épuisement rapide des ressources et pour l’industrialisation au Canada et à travers la planète", déclare l’auteure Irene Novaczek. Dans son article, elle nous offre un aperçu des nombreux coûts inhérents (environnementaux, sociaux, économiques, politiques), et elle déclare que des pertes sont encourues à chaque étape de l’exploration, de l’extraction, du transport et de l’utilisation des combustibles fossiles. Ce document présente une historique de l’extraction et de l’utilisation des combustibles fossiles au Canada, jette un coup d’oeil à la viabilité future et offre plusieurs autres solutions utiles.

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