1. The Energy Story - Chapter 8: Fossil Fuels - Coal, Oil And Natural Gas Chapter 8 Fossil Fuels Coal, Oil and Natural Gas. Where Fossil Fuels Come From. There are three major forms of fossil fuels coal, oil and natural gas. http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter08.html

Chapter 8: Fossil Fuels - Coal, Oil and Natural Gas Where Fossil Fuels Come From There are three major forms of fossil fuels: coal, oil and natural gas. All three were formed many hundreds of millions of years ago before the time of the dinosaurs - hence the name fossil fuels. The age they were formed is called the Carboniferous Period. It was part of the Paleozoic Era. "Carboniferous" gets its name from carbon, the basic element in coal and other fossil fuels. The Carboniferous Period occurred from about 360 to 286 million years ago. At the time, the land was covered with swamps filled with huge trees, ferns and other large leafy plants, similar to the picture above. The water and seas were filled with algae - the green stuff that forms on a stagnant pool of water. Algae is actually millions of very small plants. Some deposits of coal can be found during the time of the dinosaurs. For example, thin carbon layers can be found during the late Cretaceous Period (65 million years ago) - the time of Tyrannosaurus Rex . But the main deposits of fossil fuels are from the Carboniferous Period. For more about the various geologic eras, go to

2. Fossil Fuels Types of Fossil Fuels 6 Coal 6 Oil 7 Natural Gas 8 III Types of fossil fuels coal is a fossil fuel that is found under the ground in solid http://www.freeessays.cc/db/41/sff0.shtml

Home Free Essays Listing Book Reports Search Paper Writing ... Top 25 Sites Our free essays, book reports and paper writing database is supported with a powerful search engine. American History Art Essays Book Reports Business Essays ... Home > Science > Fossil Fuels Fossil Fuels Browse essays using search option Access free essay links resource page Need help with paper writing services? var lnk = "http://www.freeessays.cc/"; var dsc = "FreeEssays.cc - free essays, paper writing, book reports"; var str = "Bookmark our site for future reference"; document.write(str) FOSSIL FUELS. Contents Outline 3 I. Introduction (Fossil Fuel Energy) 4 II. Types of Fossil Fuels 6 Coal 6 Oil 7 Natural Gas 8 III. Conclusion 9 Bibliography http://www.energy.ca.gov/education/story/story-html/chapter05.html http://webhome.idirect.com/~bobita/Cretaceous/Uses_Of_Fossils/index.htm http://science.cc.uwf.edu/SH/Curr/fossil.fuel.htm http://www.education.leeds.ac.uk/~edu/technology/ebp97/leec/coal.htm http://www.education.leeds.ac.uk/~edu/technology/ebp97/leec/gas.htm Other References Underwood, Shelly and Gary Energy - How Australia Works Published in Victoria, 1995, by Cardigan Street Publishers. Twist, Clint Facts on Fossil Fuels Published in Great Britain, 1990, by Gloucester Press. Healey, Kaye Energy Resources - Nuclear and Fossil Fuels Published in NSW, 1995, by Spinney Press. Allen, John E Energy Resources for a Changing World Published in Great Britain, 1992, by Cambridge University Press. Andres, R.J., G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews. A 1°x1° distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture, 1950-1990. Published in United States, 1996. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 10, 419-429.

3. Fossil Fuels Coal Gas Oil In order to understand fossil fuels, we must consider the following How much of our energy use is being supplied by oil, gas and coal? http://www.upei.ca/~physics/p261/Content/Sources_Conversion/Fossil_Fuels/fossil_

In order to understand fossil fuels, we must consider the following: How much of our energy use is being supplied by oil, gas and coal? How are we using oil, gas and coal? How much oil, gas and coal is there and where? How long will the oil, gas and coal last? What are the impacts of oil, gas and coal on the environment? What are the economic implications? http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/iea/table81.html Table 8.1 World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 1999 Oil Reserves as of 1 January 1997 1,018.5-1160.1 billion barrels (7.1x10 Joules) Average consumption 1998 74.9 million barrels per day. (457x10 Joules per day, 167x10 joules per year) Time left 7100/167 = 42.5 years. Oil Reserves as of 1 January 1999 967.5-1033.2 billion barrels Average consumption in 1998 http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/iea/table12.html 73.643 million barrels per day. Time left 1033.2/73.643 = 14030 days = 38.4 years IEO97 Natural Gas Table 19. World Natural Gas Reserves as of January 1, 1997

4. The Energy Story The Energy Story. Chapter 5 Fossil Fuels Coal, Oil and Natural Gas. There are three major forms of fossil fuels coal, oil and natural gas. http://www.hamburger-bildungsserver.de/klima/energie/energy/energy-116.html

The Energy Story Chapter 5: Fossil Fuels - Coal, Oil and Natural Gas Where Fossil Fuels Come From? There are three major forms of fossil fuels: coal, oil and natural gas. All three were formed many millions of years ago during the time of the dinosaurs hence the name fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are made up of decomposed plant and animal matter. Plants change energy they receive from the sun into stored energy. This energy is food used by the plant. This is called photosynthesis. Animals eat plants to make energy. And people eat animals and plants to get energy to do work. When plants and dinosaurs and other ancient creatures died, they decomposed and became buried, layer upon layer under the ground. It took millions of years to form these layers into a hard, black colored rock-like substance called coal, a thick liquid called oil or petroleum, and natural gas. Fossil fuels can be found under the earth in many locations around the country. In California, we have oil and natural gas resources. Each of the fossil fuels is extracted out of the ground differently.

5. Geology Of Fossil Fuels: Coal Return to Coronet Books main page. Geology of fossil fuels coal Proceedings of the 30th International Geological Congress Vol. 18 http://www.coronetbooks.com/books/geol238x.html

Return to Coronet Books main page Geology of Fossil Fuels: Coal Proceedings of the 30th International Geological Congress Vol. 18, Part B Edited By Yang Qi Oct. 1997 VSP Science ISBN: 90-6764-238-X 166 p. $82.50 Cloth Geology

6. Electricity Production From Fossil Fuels Underlying definitions and concepts The indicator includes the electricity produced from the fossil fuels coal, gas, oil and uranium. http://www.e-m-a-i-l.nu/tepi/oldmeth/RD5.htm

Resource Depletion Pressure Total amount of electricity produced from the fossil resources oil, coal, gas and from uranium expressed in Gwh per year. Partly deals with natural resources in Chapter 5: The themes and targets of the programme, section 5.3: Protection of nature and biodiversity, table 10. See also Chapter 4: Selected target sectors, section 4.2: The energy sector. Agenda 21: Agenda 21 in many of its chapters calls for policies and actions in various areas, that take into account the vulnerability and availability of natural resources, and for an increased efficiency in the use of these resources (e.g. Chapter 4: Changing consumption patterns and Chapter 10: Integrated approach to the planning and management of land resources ). International conventions and agreements: Article 130 of the Treaty on the European Union (Maastricht, 1992) calls for prudent and rational utilisation of natural resources. Energy saving and efficiency are key priorities of European Parliament and Council. The Energy Protocol of Lisbon (1994) calls for energy efficiency. COM(97) 514 of 15.10.97 on a Community strategy to promote combined heat and power (CHP).

7. Balch Template File Coal And Fossil Fuels. Balch Bingham LLP has represented a number of clients who purchase and sell coal and natural gas for many years. http://www.balch.com/practiceareas/area.cfm?ID=57

8. Electricity Production From Fossil Fuels (mineral Oil, Natural Gas And Coal) RD- The indicator includes the electricity produced from the fossil fuels coal, gas, oil and uranium. The total use adequately reflects http://esl.jrc.it/envind/meth_sht/ms_we060.htm

Electricity production from fossil fuels (mineral oil, natural gas and coal) RD-5 Resource Depletion Pressure 1 Indicator definition and unit of measurement Total amount of electricity produced from the fossil resources oil, coal, gas and from uranium expressed in Gwh per year. 2 Placement in the framework: Partly deals with natural resources in Chapter 5: The themes and targets of the programme, section 5.3: Protection of nature and biodiversity, table 10. See also Chapter 4: Selected target sectors, section 4.2: The energy sector. Agenda 21: Agenda 21 in many of its chapters calls for policies and actions in various areas, that take into account the vulnerability and availability of natural resources, and for an increased efficiency in the use of these resources (e.g. Chapter 4: Changing consumption patterns and Chapter 10: Integrated approach to the planning and management of land resources ). International conventions and agreements: Article 130 of the Treaty on the European Union (Maastricht, 1992) calls for prudent and rational utilisation of natural resources. Energy saving and efficiency are key priorities of European Parliament and Council. The Energy Protocol of Lisbon (1994) calls for energy efficiency. COM(97) 514 of 15.10.97 on a Community strategy to promote combined heat and power (CHP).

9. The Hidden Cost Of Fossil Fuels fossil fuels coal, oil, and natural gas are America's primary source of energy, accounting for 85 percent of the costs of using these fuels are obvious, such as the cost http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/health_and_environment/page.cfm?pageID=88

10. U.S. Department Of Energy- Office Of Fossil Energy - Home Page SEARCH. coal Natural Gas Power Systems. Carbon Sequestration. Hydrogen Other Clean fuels. Oil Gas. Supply Delivery. Natural Gas Regulation. Electricity Regulation. Petroleum Reserves. Advanced Search. Recent fossil Energy Updates http://www.fe.doe.gov/

HOME ABOUT US NEWS/EVENTS SEARCH Carbon Sequestration Other Clean Fuels Natural Gas Regulation Electricity Regulation ... Advanced Search Clean Coal Co-Production Plant to Anchor West Virginia "Eco-Park" Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham travels to Lewisburg, WV to commission a new $215 million project that is expected to bring environmental improvements, economic benefits and thousands of new jobs to the region. Read More Recent Fossil Energy Updates... Carbon Drill Pipe Goes Commercial... "Composite" drill pipe to benefit energy production in the United States.... More DOE Seeks Public Comment... Citizen input sought on environmental impacts of CO2 sequestration.... More Public Workshop on Natural Gas Postponed... Meeting initially was planned to review recommendations from the 2003 NPC study..... Read More Secretary Abraham Recognizes West Virginia Coal Miners... Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham traveled to Fairview, West Virginia to talk with coal miners who were temporarily out of work last year due to a mine fire. International Activities What Projects are in Your State?

11. Fossil Fuels fossil fuels, coal, oil and natural gas, are a nonrenewable source of energy lived up to 300 million years ago, fossil fuels are found in deposits beneath the earth http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/society/fossilfuels.htm

A presentation by Osman Chughtai and David Shannon Introduction Fossil fuels, coal, oil and natural gas, are a non-renewable source of energy. Formed from plants and animals that lived up to 300 million years ago, fossil fuels are found in deposits beneath the earth. The fuels are burned to release the chemical energy that is stored within this resource. Energy is essential to moden society as we know it. Over 85% of our energy demands are met by the combustion of fossil fuels. These two pie charts show exactly how vital fossil fuels are to our society by showing how much of each energy resource is consumed. Formation Going back to the earlier days of Earth, the plants and animals that lived then eventually died and decomposed. The majority of these life forms were phytoplankton and zooplankton. When these ancient ocean dwellers died, they accumulated on the bottom of a seabed; this is how a good portion of our fossil fuel reserves began. The actual transformation process of these prehistoric creatures is not known, but scientists do know that the pressure, heat, and a great deal of time go into the making of fossil fuels. Geologists are fairly certain that the beds of organic remains mixed with silt and mud to form layers. Over time, mineral sedimentation formed on top of the organisms, effectively entombing them in rock. As this occurred, pressure and temperature increased. These conditions, and possibly other unknown factors, caused organic material to break down into the simpler form of hydrocarbons: chains of carbon and hydrogen ranging from simple configuration to complex compounds. Another affect of extreme pressure is that the oil and gas which are various mixtures of hydrocarbons, migrate upwards to the surface. Exactly when in the conversion process and the nature of this migration is not known and is subject to conjecture.

12. Global Warming Climate scientists have linked the increased levels of heattrapping gases in the atmosphere to human activities, in particular the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas for heating and electricity; gasoline for transportation), deforestation, cattle ranching, and rice farming. From the Union of Concerned Scientists. http://www.ucsusa.org/global_environment/global_warming/index.cfm?pageID=27

13. Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels Broadoak Community School, Westonsuper-Mare, England Web site www.darvill.clara.net. coal, Oil and Gas are called fossil fuels . http://www.darvill.clara.net/altenerg/fossil.htm

This site is designed to be viewed on an 800 x 600 screen, with level 4+ browsers. Created by Andy Darvill Science teacher at Broadoak Community School , Weston-super-Mare, England Web site www.darvill.clara.net Coal, Oil and Gas are called "Fossil Fuels" Introduction How it works More details Advantages ... Is it renewable? Introduction Coal, Oil and Gas are called "fossil fuels" because they have been formed from the fossilised remains of prehistoric plants and animals. They provide around 66% of the world's electrical power, and 95% of the world's total energy demands (including heating, transport, electricity generation and other uses). How it works: Coal is crushed to a fine dust and burnt. Oil and gas can be burnt directly. More Details: Coal provides around 28% of our energy, and oil provides 40%. Burning coal produces sulphur dioxide, an acidic gas that contributes to the formation of acid rain. This can be largely avoided using "flue gas desulphurisation" to clean up the gases before they are released into the atmosphere. This method uses limestone, and produces gypsum for the building industry as a by-product. However, it uses a lot of limestone.

14. DOE - Fossil Energy - Educational Activities - Energy Lessons Introduction Primers on fossil fuels coal, oil, natural gas - for elementary and junior high school students. http://fossil.energy.gov/education/energylessons/

HOME ABOUT US NEWS/EVENTS SEARCH Advanced Search Fossil Energy Education Activities Mickey Leland Energy Fellowships Technical Career Intern Program ... Go to DOE Home Page Learning About Fossil Fuels Coal Coal is our most abundant and lowest cost fuel for making electricity. New technology is making it cleaner. Cleaning Up Coal Part 1 Begins Here Part 2: The Clean Coal Technology Program Part 3: Knocking the NOx Out of Coal Part 4: A "Bed" for Burning Coal? Part 5: The Cleanest Coal Technology - A Real Gas Introduction to Coal How Coal Formed History of Coal Use ... Coal Mining and Transportation Oil We still have a lot of oil left in the ground. Learn how we can get more of this valuable fuel from underground rocks. Looking Down an Oil Well Part 1 Begins Here Part 2: Squeezing Oil Out of the Earth Part 3: Washing More Oil From Rocks Part 4: Soap, Bugs and Other Ways to Produce Oil Natural Gas We've all seen the blue flame on top of a gas stove or beneath a gas furnace. But where do we get the gas that fuels the flame? Fueling the Blue Flame Part 1 Begins Here Part 2: The History of Natural Gas Part 3: Getting Gas from the Ground...and the Sea

15. ThinkQuest : Library : Energy Matters Home. fossil fuels. coal. History. About 300 million years ago, enormous ferns and other prehistoric plants were common on the swamplike earth. http://library.thinkquest.org/20331/types/fossil/coal.html

Index Earth Science Energy Energy Matters Have you ever thought about how important energy is? Do you know where it comes from? How many types of energy are available and which is best? At this site you can read about fossil fuelscoal, wood, oil and natural gasor learn the difference between nuclear fission and fusion. Solar, wind, and geothermal are also covered. Play a simulation game concerning an energy crisis that is likely to occur in the future. Visit Site 1998 ThinkQuest Internet Challenge Awards Fifth Place Languages English Students Xian Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, VA, United States Justin Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, VA, United States John Colegio F. D. Roosevelt, Lima, Peru Coaches Donald Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, VA, United States John Colegio F. D. Roosevelt, Lima, Peru Phyllis Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, VA, United States Want to build a ThinkQuest site?

16. ThinkQuest : Library : Energy Matters Although there are many different types of fossil fuels, we have chosen three that we feel are especially important coal, petroleum, and natural gas. http://library.thinkquest.org/20331/types/fossil/

Index Earth Science Energy Energy Matters Have you ever thought about how important energy is? Do you know where it comes from? How many types of energy are available and which is best? At this site you can read about fossil fuelscoal, wood, oil and natural gasor learn the difference between nuclear fission and fusion. Solar, wind, and geothermal are also covered. Play a simulation game concerning an energy crisis that is likely to occur in the future. Visit Site 1998 ThinkQuest Internet Challenge Awards Fifth Place Languages English Students Xian Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, VA, United States Justin Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, VA, United States John Colegio F. D. Roosevelt, Lima, Peru Coaches Donald Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, VA, United States John Colegio F. D. Roosevelt, Lima, Peru Phyllis Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, VA, United States Want to build a ThinkQuest site?

17. Comparison Of Fossil Fuels And Nuclear Power Comparison of fossil fuels and Nuclear Power. A Tabular Sketch. by Arjun Makhijani or an increase in uranium or coal and oil prices. Moderate fossil fuel use (with engineering measures to prevent http://www.ieer.org/ensec/no-1/comffnp.html

IEER Comparison of Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Power A Tabular Sketch by Arjun Makhijani The qualitative comparisons in this table are premised on the assumption that facilities are run with reasonable attention to environmental protection so far as routine operations and waste management are concerned. The effects could be (and often are) far worse if this is not true. The statements about climate change in the table only refer to incremental risks from adopting a particular strategy. Both nuclear and renewable strategies will involve risks beyond those we have already incurred because of the time required for the transition to a future energy strategy. COMPARISON OF FOSSIL FUELS AND NUCLEAR POWER Nuclear with plutonium economy Nuclear, once-through uranium use Fossil Fuels, present approach Fossil Fuel, moderated use, and Renewables Resource Base, present economics* indefinite future 50 to 100 years, possibly more a few hundred years indefinite future Resource Base, including very low-grade resources not required indefinite future thousands of years not required Incremental Climate Change Risk none** none potentially catastrophic none if fossil fuels are largely phased out Potential Consequences of catastrophic accidents severe: long-lasting effects over large regions severe: long lasting effects over large regions no consequences for large regions but may be locally severe; effects generally short term

18. DOE Document - The State Of Play And Future Of Fossil Fuels economic strength of the United States depends on its use of fossil fuelscoal, oil, and natural gas in the United States. fossil fuels will continue to provide the greatest http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.bib

19. About F O S S I L F U E L About fossil Fuel. Overview After food, fossil fuel is humanity s most important source of energy. There are three major fuels coal, oil and natural gas. http://www.bydesign.com/fossilfuels/links/html/fossil_fuel.html

Benefits from Fossil Fuel Use Environmental Aspects of Fossil Fuel Use Fossil Fuel in General About Fossil Fuel Overview: After food, fossil fuel is humanity's most important source of energy. There are three major fuels coal, oil and natural gas. Coal is used primarily to produce electricity. It therefore provides us with light, motive power from electric motors, and our many electronic devices. Oil gives us our mobility, our cars, planes, trains, trucks and boats. Natural gas is used primarily to produce heat, for our buildings, hot water, and industrial processes. Use the underlined links above to go to tutorials and pages of links for the various aspects of fossil fuel listed. Use the colored buttons to go to pages of links about each fuel, as well as about electricity. Return to Top of Page Oil Coal Natural Gas Electricity ... byDesign and PowervisioN for The Greening Earth Society Last Modified Thursday, February 19, 200412:07 AM

20. Coal And Fossil Fuels: The Horse And Buggy Of Our Time | BaltimoreChronicle.com Progress inches along, stalled and delayed in part with your tax dollars, which are used to help prop up the fossil fuel industry and support a competitive advantage over modern and cleaner forms http://www.baltimorechronicle.com/041604Coal.shtml

var st = location.href; var y = (replaceAll (st, "shtml", "html")); document.write(""); // Write a mailto link adding the document // title by closing the quote and adding the value // document.title and completing the html and javascript write statement document.write(" ") ; Advertisements: ENVIRONMENT: Coal and Fossil Fuels: The Horse and Buggy of Our Time by Jonathan Pearson, Chesapeake Climate Action Network "Progress inches along, stalled and delayed in part with your tax dollars, which are used to help prop up the fossil fuel industry and support a competitive advantage over modern and cleaner forms of energy." D uring a public hearing in Annapolis before the House Ways and Means Committee on repealing a multi-million dollar tax break for the utility and coal industries, one lawmaker who questioned concerns about current health and clean air impacts, sarcastically suggested that maybe we should return to "the horse and buggy days." Well, if the horse and buggy industry were as politically entrenched and connected at the beginning of the 20th century as big coal and utilities are today, who knows? Maybe our morning traffic report would be warning travelers to "avoid the inbound JFX because of a four stallion pileup!" That's not the case and we have progressed beyond earlier modes of transportation. That progress undoubtedly caused adjustments in regional economies, with shifting production and employment patterns. Yet we overcame these challenges so that today virtually everyone would agree there's no desire to turn the clock back on transportation.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 1     1-20 of 95    1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | Next 20