1. 8. Conflict Management In The Former USSR And World Experience and turned into a loose commonwealth. 5 Ethnic conflicts in the former ussr history and lessons. The emergence of a whole series http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu12ee/uu12ee0g.htm

Contents Previous Next 8. Conflict management in the former USSR and world experience Victor A. Kremenyuk Victor A. Kremenyuk 1 Introduction 2 On the notion of "conflict management" 3 Two cultures of conflict management 4 Ethnic conflicts as objects of management ... 6. Conclusion: Learning lessons 1 Introduction We shall begin by analysing the notion of "conflict management" as it is treated in this article and as it has long been understood in European and non-European tradition. The specifics of "conflict" in various political and social cultures, and attitudes toward conflict, are studied further as a part of the whole problem of managing multiethnic societies under conditions of devolution of power. These stages of analysis permit us to describe typical approaches to conflict management in the former USSR and in some major Western nations. Comparative analysis may help us to see how the process of conflict management is connected with the process of nation-building, depending upon historical development, types of political culture, the nature and type of conflict, and the effectiveness of conflict management. 2 On the notion of "conflict management"

2. RUSSIAN HISTORY ON THE WEB History of Russia and the ExUSSR Links Hartman History, Gov t Social Science Illustrated History of Russia and the former ussr history, Gov t http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/cm/german_slavic/rushist.html

3. Illustrated History Of Russia And The Former USSR.(C) Copyright 1995, RUSphoto detailed collection of historical resources. Other historyrelated references are provided on the bottom. Russia and the former ussr. http://www.friends-partners.org/oldfriends/mes/russia/history.html

All periods of history by pictures This page compiles pictures pertaining to Russian historical heritage and photos witnessing recent events in Russia. However, you can find also an illustrated description of main periods in the history of Moscow, a brief introduction into the early history of the Russian Orthodox Church with more detailed collection of historical resources. Other history-related references are provided on the bottom. Russia and the Former USSR Ancient Russia laid under Mongol rule from the 13th through the 15th century. Amusing collection The Heritage of Genghis Khan is presented by the Royal British Columbia Museum. Would you like to visit the motherland of Genghis Khan ? If yes, go to the Baley District (the southeast Siberia). Miscellaneous Icons , XV-XIX centuries. Index of inline images, maintained by the Christian Orthodox Page. Treasures of the Czars. Superb on-line museum tour organized by St.Petersburg Times Publishing Co. and the Florida International Museum. This excellently guided tour covers several centures of the Russian state, timelines of czars, their biographies, attributes of Russian Empire and much more. Chronology , the illustrated history of Russian Navy (from 1696) and many other documents and pictures are provided at the exhibition devoted to 300th Anniversary of Russian Navy . Exposition is maintained by RUSnet specialists. Send comments to: webmaster@neva.ru Illustrated history of the state and church in Russian America from the Alaskan Russian Church Archive (XIX century).

4. Russia And The Former USSR Russian women s history, plus women s history in the countries of the former ussr notable women and ordinary women s lives. You http://womenshistory.about.com/cs/russia/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About History Women's History Women's History by Place ... Today in Women's History zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); About Women: Biographies African American Air, Space, Science, Math Art, Music. Writing. Media ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Women's History newsletter. Search Women's History Russia and the former USSR Russian women's history, plus women's history in the countries of the former USSR: notable women and ordinary women's lives. Alphabetical Recent Anna Daughter of Theophano and the Byzantine Emperor Romanus II, and thus sister of the Theophano who married western Emperor Otto II, Anna was married to Vladimir I of Kiev and her marriage was the occasion of his conversion, beginning the official conversion of Russia to Christianity. About Valentina Grizodubova Some facts on a Soviet woman world-record-holder, and the American women who recreated her flight in 1998. Olga of Russia A cruel and revengeful ruler as regent for her son, she was the first Russian saint in the Orthodox Church, for her efforts in converting the nation to Christianity.

5. Philately Of The Former Soviet Union - Stamps Modern Postal History Modern postal history of countries of the former Soviet Union. areas within the former ussr countries, and may include some of the background or history of these states period of philately and postal history, as they declared independence or http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Estates/3337/fsu.html

After the USSR: how 15 republics handled the mail Introduction The English versions of these country names may be spelt in various ways according to how the 'Russian' or Cyrillic spellings are transliterated. I have tried to be consistent: some of the central asian republics are now using Turkic Latin alphabets, which are different again. In these pages I refer to some of the semi-autonomous areas within the former USSR countries, and may include some of the background or history of these states. It is not my intention to offend anybody from any of these areas or any of the adjacent areas with which there may be or have been reported disputes. Anything you find here has been taken from British press reports, international publications, or from other internet sites. The creation of 15 newly independent states heralded an exciting period of philately and postal history, as they declared independence or had it thrust upon them. Some of these states had issued stamps before, but others, whose status had been established by the USSR, were new. The Baltic States - Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania - were well prepared for their independent status due to close ties with Scandinavia and the west, and issued stamps in 1991. Further east and south, other new republics - not immediately able to create similar links - were left stranded with only stamps of the USSR. These remained valid - at least initially - but were not, of course, universally popular. The USSR had issued 'omnibus' sets or series of stamps in a theme, with a stamp for each republic. For one of these, showing traditional musical instruments, stamps were issued by the USSR in 1989 (4), 1990 (4), and 1991 (3), leaving the Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan, Armenia and Estonia designs unissued. Only the Tadjikistan and Turkmenistan designs were issued by the new republics, in 1992. Other similar 'sets' include:

6. Russian Experiences: Life In The Former USSR And Post-Soviet Russia Russian Experiences Life in the former ussr and PostSoviet Russia" a well-written, very personal saga of the history and transition of one of the mightiest nations in http://www.baltimorechronicle.com/bookrev2_aug02.html

BOOK REVIEW: Russian Experiences: Life in the Former USSR and Post-Soviet Russia Reviewed by Denise M. Clark "Russian Experiences: Life in the Former USSR and Post-Soviet Russia" By The Raven and Marie Claire Publisher: Virtualbookworm.com Publishing Inc. 108 pgs.; 2002 Paperback, $12.95; Hardcover, $17.95 D o you know the difference between Communism and National Socialism? Do you have any idea what it was like to live in Post World War II Russia? How about the Cold War period? Do you know what happened during the turbulent period of upheaval during the late 1980's to the early 1990's, a period that witnessed the death throes of the former entity known as the USSR? Unless one went through it, experienced it, and lived it, one can't ever really know. But a man known as "The Raven" did live through it, and, with the help of co-writer Marie Claire, he tells us his story. The Raven was born into a period of poor economy, poor training and few supplies. There were no luxuries such as supermarkets, shopping malls, and fashion stores and private transportation. Due to lack of proper medical care, The Raven suffered a hearing loss accompanied by a speech impediment, and was forced from then on to deal with prejudice because of his handicap. The Raven grew up in Baku City, the capital of Azerbaijan. Because of the conflicts between native Armenians and Azerbaijan natives, he and his brother were not allowed to go to school for long stretches of time. Ultimately, The Raven and his family left Baku, where they had lived all their lives, and moved to a region around Moscow where The Raven continued his education. Yet even there he had to struggle to gain the education that finally enabled him to rise above the poverty and narrow-mindedness of many of Russia's inhabitants.

7. Impressions Of Russia And The Former USSR (C) Copyright 1995, RUSphoto. All Regions of Russia by Pictures. Illustrated history of Russia. Hot news in electronic newspapers, magazines and mailing lists. A journey to Russia (tips for travellers) Russian fonts and drivers . http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~mes/russia.html

Information about RUSSIA and the Former USSR. All Regions of Russia by Pictures. Illustrated history of Russia Hot news in electronic newspapers, magazines and mailing lists. A journey to Russia (tips for travellers) Russian fonts and drivers. Russia-related servers. Awards to Russia Phototrack's selected pages Up to Date Information about Russia and the Former USSR This list features mostly what largest world and Russian news agencies tell about events in Russia. It also links comprehensive personal accounts. More than 20 million people in Russia do not receive their wages on time. Many are owed between six and twelve months' pay. The state and the employers owe some 10 billion US dollars in unpaid wages. A cybercampaign on the Web is bringing new global support to Russia's unpaid workers: English version Russian version . WWW users everywhere are urged to show their support for Russia's unpaid workers. Other websites are encouraged to create direct links to the campaign. Information from Yabloko yabloko@orc.ru

8. Illustrated History Of Russia And The Former USSR.(C) Copyright 1995, RUSphoto Send comments to birkene@indiana.edu. Illustrated history of Russia. textual information, you can return back to Impressions of Russia and the former ussr. http://www.friends-partners.org/oldfriends/mes/russia/period/october93.html

Civil War in Moscow, October'93 Description of events. Pictures. Description of events. The violent events in Moscow on October 3-4, 1993 were the culmination of a long developing conflict. At the end of 1991, Yeltsin and other presidents of former Soviet republics signed the treaty dissolving the U.S.S.R.; at the end of December of 1991, M.Gorbachev , (the President of the Former U.S.S.R.) leaved the Kremlin. At the beginning of 1992, just after the breakdown of the U.S.S.R., Yeltsin and his government started a hard-lined monetary economical policy which was increasingly unpopular. This policy was called by a word of mouth "a shock without therapy", in contrast to the economic reform in Poland named there "shock therapy". Due to breakdown of U.S.S.R and the centralized state-planned economy, many traditional economic and trade ties and markets were lost. Living conditions of the significant part of Russian population quickly deteriorated. Political and economical crisis was made even worse by the struggle for power between Yeltsin from one side and his opponents in the Russian Parliament (together with Vice President Rutskoi ) from another side. Under the pressure from the Parliament, in December 1992, extremely unpopular prime-minister

9. Russia MAPS Russia the former Soviet Republics MAP Soviet Union Population Density Illustrated history of Russia and the former ussr Illustrated history of St. http://www.teacheroz.com/russia.htm

The Last of the Romanovs: L to R: Olga, Marie, Nicholas II, Alexandra, Anastasia, Alexei, Tatiana Updated October 2, 2003 Did you know? People in Siberia often buy milk frozen on a stick. Welcome to Slavic Research Center Russia History - From the Beginning to Putin Internet Resource for Russian Studies Russia: from revolution to counter-revolution ... Russian Cities - Special Collection - America Online site. Exploring Russia / Moscow Background Notes: Russia - Find out about U.S. Russian foreign and economic relations! Greek to Cyrillic Russian Calendar History Russian Study Materials Russian Rulers ... History of Modern Russia For more on Russia, check out my Country Information page! TIMELINE OF RUSSIAN HISTORY History of Russia: important dates TIMELINE: Historical Mongol Empire Kievan and Appanage Periods: 860 - 1698 THE IMPERIAL PERIOD, 1698 -1917 ... Related Chronologies in Russian History RUSSIAN SYMBOLS, MAPS, IMAGES Soviet National Anthem in English MAP: Commonwealth of Independent States MAPS: Russian Empire MAP: Soviet Union Population Density ... Portraits of Soviet and Russian Political Leaders RUSSIAN AR Russian Art More Russian Art The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia Powered by IBM

10. RussianSpaceWeb.com News And History Of Astronautics In The Former RussianSpaceWeb.com News and history of Astronautics in the former ussr RussianSpaceWeb.com is an excellent source of information about current and past Russian astronautical technology. The http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/&y=0291A05AE

11. Belarus Philately And Postal History More International Mail. As indicated on page 2, separate foreign rates evolved for former ussr countries (CIS), and for the rest of the world (ROW). http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Estates/3337/bel05.html

After the USSR: BELARUS More International Mail. As indicated on page 2, separate 'foreign' rates evolved for former USSR countries (CIS), and for the rest of the world (ROW). The rate for CIS countries remained at 1 rouble until at least January 1993, but was by June of that year. In January and June 1994 the rate was 120 roubles , at least to Russia, though a series of covers to Kazakstan in March shows a 180r rate with a violet TP mark . Three instances of franked [metered] mail to Ukraine from August to December 1994 show a 90r rate b c d Another consequence of the break-up of the USSR was that all the former constituent republics now had the status of 'foreign' countries. This meant that postal markings, including registration marks should appear in the Latin alphabet , as for the rest of the world, rather than Cyrillic as before. No further instances have been found of postal stationery with revaluation overprints on mail to CIS countries, although a 600r air mail PSE was produced in 1993 (see below).

12. Rubriek: 15.70 History Of Europe : Former USSR DutchESS, Dutch Electronic Subject Service, Rubriek 15.70 history of Europe former ussr. http://www.kb.nl/dutchess/15/70/91/

Rubriek: 15.70 history of Europe : Former USSR Ab Imperio / Ilja Gerasimov, Sergej Glebov H-Russia WWW site The Russian revolution

13. Russian History history of Russia and the former ussr. Douglas and Colleen Hartmann have created a complete history Russia from medieval times to http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian/history.html

Few nations have as colorful and vivid a history as Russia. At times torn between the East and the West, sometimes buffering the two, Russia has always been a pot of enormous ethnic diversity which refuses to melt. The result has been a mixture of socialism and capitalism, of east and west, Christianity and Islam with a bit of social experimentation thrown in. This page attempts to capture the flavor of the rich diversity evolving over Russian history and hence depends as much on the endeavors of others as those of the Russian Studies Program. We hope you enjoy your visit and learn more about the origins of the Russians and their neighbors. A Chronology of Russian History This chronology of Russian history provides the dates the major events of Russian history from the beginnings of written Russian history (The Tale of By-gone Years) through the current year. åñóðñû WWW ïî èñòîðèè An enormous set of resources on Russian history, history of the former Soviet republics, Russian regions and world history. It includes a large list of history referats and a large number of links to Russian history resources on the Web.

14. Conversion Of Muslims To Christ In Former USSR Conversion of Muslims to Christ in former ussr. in the eastern European bloc and the former Soviet Union. for Christ s kingdom in world history the beginning http://www.forerunner.com/predvestnik/X0016_Muslims_in_former_US.html

Conversion of Muslims to Christ in former USSR By Jay Rogers Over the past five years, we have witnessed God's nation-shaking changes in the eastern European bloc and the former Soviet Union. Untold millions of people have come to Christ and many new churches are being established on a daily basis. Now we are on the verge of one of the most historic ingatherings for Christ's kingdom in world history - the beginning of the conversion of the Muslim people to faith in the Lord Jesus Christ! Islam is more than just a religion; it is a political power which has engaged in the holy war, or Jihad, in order to enlarge its borders throughout history. The hub of Islamic military might at this time is Afghanistan, Iran and Iraq. In 1991, during the time America led an invasion to liberate Kuwait from Saddam Hussein, a little known civil war was raging in the former Soviet republic of Tadjikistan (a small country north of Afghanistan). To date 50,000 people have been killed in Tadjikistan and thousands of refugees have fled to Russia. This shake up of the Soviet bloc and some Islamic nations has opened some Muslims in this region to the gospel. The Church has been given one of its most awe-inspiring challenges in history.

15. Christian Reconstruction In The Former USSR: Whose Kingdom Is Here? Predvestnik which is distributed in 10 of the republics of the former ussr (now the The revealed will of God is not obviously seen in every event in history. http://www.forerunner.com/predvestnik/X0064_Whose_Kingdom_Is_Her.html

Christian Reconstruction in the former USSR: Whose Kingdom Is Here? by Roman Medvid The following article was first published in Russian in the Christian newspaper, Predvestnik ("The Forerunner") in Kiev, Ukraine. The author, in addition to serving in the military and as an associate pastor of a Ukrainian congregation, serves the managing editor of Predvestnik which is distributed in 10 of the republics of the former USSR (now the Commonwealth of Independant States). Roman Medvid also translated this article into English. "The kingdom belongs to the Lord, and He rules over the nations" (Ps. 22:28). The revealed will of God is not obviously seen in every event in history. Temporal drawbacks of Christianity and the growth of Islam are vivid examples of this. However, the growth of the kingdom of God predicted in the holy Scriptures surely contains a message for us. At the very dawn of the Soviet state, the Russian Communist leaders were too well aware of the fact that this country could not permanently exist unless it received some foreign support. The only socialist island washed by hostile waters of capitalist countries had little chance to survive. And the 1917 Socialist revolution in Russia was carried out with expectations of outside support. Those revolutionaries who gained power in Russia believed they were at the threshold of a revolutionary movement sweeping all countries worldwide, they were possessed with the idea of "the world revolution." They flattered themselves with the thought that they were pioneers in the universal breakthrough into happiness. There could be hardly another reason to explain the rush and lightness of rulers to throw the country into the pit of a bloody Civil War in Russia in the ensuing years after the Great War.

16. A Survey Of Russian Television Academic report on the history and development of television in the former ussr. http://www.internews.ru/report/tv/tv_preface.html

PREFACE "A Survey of Russian Television" was commissioned by USAID to provide an overview of the Russian television industry and a recent history of its development. At present there is no comprehensive source of information on this subject. Those fragmentary sources which exist focus on the national networks and neglect the regional TV marketa segment which is quickly increasing in importance. Internews hopes that this survey will help fill this gap in the literature on Russian television. The survey is primarily intended for researchers in both Russia and abroad who follow the Russian TV marketin academia, in media, in government, and in the investment community. The survey will help investors better understand the political, economic, and legal situation in which they work; it will help equipment and program suppliers understand their market in Russia; and it will help the TV market itself by providing a reliable source upon which the international community will be able to draw, particularly increasing the information available about regional independent media. The survey includes sections on governmental and non-governmental television, the growth of networks, the development of the programming market, advertising and media research, media regulations, and education. It also looks at the role of television news in Russian society.

17. The Former USSR. Table Of Contents. Central Asia, the former states of ussr. 1. Political Situation Central Asia. 3. Abulfaz Elchibey, former President of Azerbaijan. history and Present,. http://home.swipnet.se/~w-10652/formerussr.html

ormer USSR. The Russian Federation Constitution of the Russian Federation as approved by RF President Boris Yeltsin And Submitted To National Referendum In December 1993. Last update: 16/11/97 REFERENDUM IN DECEMBER 1993 BODY: We, the multinational people of the Russian Federation, united by a common destiny on our land, asserting human rights and liberties, civil peace and accord, preserving the historic unity of the state, proceeding from the commonly recognized principles of equality and self-determination of the peoples honoring the memory of our ancestors, who have passed on to us love of and respect for our homeland and faith in good and justice, reviving the sovereign statehood of Russia and asserting its immutable democratic foundations, striving to secure the wellbeing and prosperity of Russia and proceeding from a sense of responsibility for our homeland before the present and future generations, and being aware of ourselves as part of the world community, hereby approve the CONSTITUTION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. Fundamentals of the Constitutional System Rights and Liberties of Man and Citizen Russian Federation President of the Russian Federation ... Concluding and Transitional Provisions Gallery Chronology - President Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin. (2 pages)

18. Russian Experiences: Life In The Former USSR And Post-Soviet Russia - By The Rav Russian Experiences Life in the former ussr and PostSoviet Russia is an eye opening but it is also a very personal saga of the history and transition of one http://www.topwritecorner.com/reviews/review27.htm

Russian Experiences: Life in the Former USSR and Post-Soviet Russia by The Raven and Marie Claire Was the Russia we grew up fearing truly a monster in disguise, or a country struggling through various leaders and methods to find itself? Russian Experiences: Life in the Former USSR and Post-Soviet Russia is an eye opening discovery of the true Russia. The Russia of the 'suburbs'; the Russia of the common worker; the Russia of the struggling family. No political grandstanding in this book, no. This is a story of its people. It's heart and soul. Unless one went through it, experienced it, and lived it, one can't ever really know. But a man known as 'The Raven' lived through it, and with the help of co-writer Marie Claire, he tells his story of growing up in this Russia to the world. But 'Russian Experiences' is so much more than just a story, a riveting story of trial and labor, and of rebirth. It is, in its essence, a moving and dramatic tale of one man's quest for freedom; not just in a physical sense, but an emotional one as well. The Raven was born into a period of turmoil. The economy was poor, even to the point of many teetering on the brink of privation. Proper education and training for many jobs and positions in the medical field was below standard and proper supplies, not only those needed for basic living, but more important, medical supplies were sadly lacking as well. No luxuries of supermarkets, shopping malls, fashion stores and private transportation. Because of a lack of proper medical facilities and care, The Raven suffered a hearing loss accompanied by a speech impediment as a young child, thereby forcing him from early childhood to deal with prejudice because of his handicap. For decades, the Russian ideal of perfection allowed no compassion for those suffering from physical or emotional handicaps, almost an 'Out of sight, out of mind' mentality.

19. National And Ethnic - Many Areas Of Europe And Former USSR National and Ethnic Web Pages for Many Areas of Europe and the former ussr. REENIC. Federation of East European Family history Societies. http://www.lib.vt.edu/subjects/slav/nat_ethnic_manyareas.html

slavic, east european, and former USSR resources National and Ethnic - Web Pages for Many Areas of Europe and the Former USSR REENIC . [Russian and East European Network Information Center]. The University of Texas at Austin Center for Russian, East European and Eurasian Studies. Their Resources by Country Travel Information and National Home Pages. From University of Virginia - Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures Explore the Slavic and East European World... . From Duke University - Center for Slavic, Eurasian, and East European Studies Hokkaido University Slavic Research Center . Links to Post Soviet Countries - Internet Resources and Internet Resources for East European Studies Slavophilia . With a Country Index for twelve Slavic and East European Countries. Panslavia.com. The official website of the World Slavic Congress (Moderate Wing)

20. Selected Literatures And Authors Pages slavic, east european, and former ussr resources. Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century Albanian Literature From Robert Elsie; history of Albanian Literature. http://www.lib.vt.edu/subjects/slav/lit_authors.html

slavic, east european, and former USSR resources Selected Literatures and Authors Pages Index of Literatures General Literature Afghan Albanian Armenian ... Other General Literature Sites General Literature Web Sites SIL International . (Formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics). The Internet Poetry Archive The Internet Medieval Sourcebook . Includes literature-related pages. Covers Byzantium, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, Muslim Persia, etc. South Slavic Literature Library . By Borut Maricic. Islamic Arts - Islamic Literatures . From Britannica.com. The Arabic Christian Literature Borderland . Where two people of borderland come together, you will hear three voices singing. Overheard on the river Bug. General Authors Web Sites Welcome to the Nobel Literature Roundup Polemical Prize . By James Atlas. About the supposed occasional politicization of Nobel Literature Prize Awards. Back to Index Afghan Literature and Authors Literature Web Sites Language . From Gran Hewad Afghanistan . A page on the languages spoken in Afghanistan. The Pashto Language . From The Khyber Gateway Afghan Poets Famous Poets of Afghanistan . From Afghan Network Hewad [Pashto/ Afghan] Poetry Pashto Poetry in Real Audio format . From

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