81. The Atlas Of Canada - Forest Fires Learning Resources. Data Services. Home » Explore Maps » Environment » forest fires. forest fires. Read more about forest fires. forest fires Maps. http://atlas.gc.ca/site/english/maps/environment/forestfires

82. Forest Fires forest fires. At the same time, abstract forest fire models have arisen as paradigms for two competing frameworks for complex systems. http://www.physics.ucsb.edu/~complex/research/fire.htm

Forest Fires Follow this link for detailed online documentation for HFire Follow this link for a discussion of HFire parameterization and validation in the Santa Monica Mountains

83. ABCNEWS.com : Smart And Tiny Forest Fire Detectors Researchers are developing a network of dustsized sensors that could be sprinkled among trees to detect and warn of possible forest fires. http://abcnews.go.com/sections/scitech/CuttingEdge/cuttingedge020913.html

var SectionID="SciTech"; var SubsectionID="CuttingEdge"; var NameID="cuttingedge020913"; June 8, 2004 FEATURED SERVICES RELATIONSHIPS SHOPPING DOWNLOADS WIRELESS ... FREE HEADLINE FEED INTERACT BOARDS CHAT NEWS ALERTS CONTACT ABC A forest blanketed with smart, dust-sized sensors could monitor the temperature, humidity, and light levels and alert humans when they've detected signs of fire. (Ben Margot/AP Photo) Tiny Fire Marshals Dust-Sized Sensors Could Provide Early Warnings of Forest Fires By Paul Eng Sept. 13 Print This Page Email This Page See Most Sent Mom Hopes Mystery Boy Is Her Son ... Lowly Fruit Fly's Amazing Flight Secrets MORE ON THIS STORY RELATED STORIES Giant Blimps Could Rain Over Wildfires Military Developing Tiny Spies Smart Dust Cutting Edge Archives The answer is pretty clear-cut. Or, at least it becomes evident once the lone burning tree ignites the surrounding forest into a blazing inferno. But researchers at Accenture Technology Labs in San Jose, Calif., are working to develop a high-tech aid: a network of tiny electronic sensors that automatically watches for and warns against signs of burning wild foliage. Mighty Mites The system would rely chiefly on experimental machines called "Smart Dust" being developed by Kristofer Pister and a team of researchers at the University of California in Berkeley.

84. FAO Forestry Department Mountains/Watersheds. International Year of Mountains. Small island developing States. forest fires. FAO/Czech Republic Forestry Policy Workshop. http://www.fao.org/forestry/

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85. UNEP - Forest Fires In Indonesia forest fires in Indonesia. Indonesia has haze. Related Reports 1. Land, Bush and forest fires, UNDAC Mission Report, March April 1998. 2 http://www.unep.org/unep/per/for_fire/indo2.htm

Forest Fires in Indonesia Indonesia has about 1.43 million square kilometres of tropical forests and the largest area of rainforest after Brazil. Like Brazil, it is struggling with the delicate, difficult balance between its forests' commercial potential and its ecological importance. Numerous small-scale ground fires have been caused by farmers and others clearing the land, in anticipation of the rains. Due to the prolonged drought and the very dry climatic conditions, these fires have rapidly spread out of control. Numerous fires have been burning on the islands of Java, Kalimantan, Sumatra, Sulawesi, and Irian Jaya, causing heavy air pollution in several countries in South East Asia, including Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, and Thailand. The smoke has reached as far north as the Philippines and as far south as Australia. Background Indonesia, which comprises 13,700 islands and which straddles 5,000 kilometres of the equator, occupies a total land area of 1.919,445 square kilometres (Km²). The equatorial climate, combined with rich volcanic soil, gives Indonesia a lush, fertile character. Indonesia's population of over 200 million occupies 6,000 of the 13,700 islands which make up the country. During September and October 1991, a series of huge fires ravaged more than 500 Km² of tropical forests in southern Kalimantan and Sumatra. Environmentalists say that many of the fires broke out in areas degraded by excessive logging, where the debris left behind is easily combustible. Numerous concessions to logging companies have alarmed conservationists.

86. ESA-NASDA Cooperation On Indonesian Forest Fires Translate this page http://www.rssgmbh.de/ESA Fire/

87. Central American Forest Fires Smoke Prediction Using Hysplit_4 Central American forest fires Smoke Prediction Using Hysplit_4. HYSPLIT forecasts of the Mexican forest fires were terminated on July 6, 1998. http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/yucatanfire.html

Central American Forest Fires Smoke Prediction Using Experimental Particulate Forecasts HYSPLIT forecasts of the Mexican forest fires were terminated on July 6, 1998. Concentration Archive Click HERE for an archive of 1998 forecast concentrations Trajectory Archive Click HERE for an archive of 1998 forecast trajectories Concentration/smoke Comparison Click HERE for a comparison of modeled concentrations vs satellite observed smoke on May 26, 1998. Trajectory/smoke Comparison Click HERE for a comparison of modeled trajectories to satellite observed smoke on May 15, 1998. Experimental Particulate Forecast Details Particulate concentration (PM10) (ug/m3) forecast maps based on the forest fires burning in Mexico and Central American are summarized in the table above. Concentrations are given as 6-hourly averages out to 48 hours. The HYSPLIT model is first run for the previous two days using a series of short-term forecasts obtained from NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Avation Model (AVN) to create a residual plume for initialization. Pollutant particles are then tracked and dispersed based on current forecast meteorological fields (out to 48 hours) obtained from NCEP's AVN model using the 0000 or 1200 UTC forecasts. Calculations are made on a 25 km horizontal resolution concentration grid, The underlying meteorological grid resolution is now 111 km. Fire source locations (hot spots) are obtained from satellite analyses produced by the NOAA/NESDIS

88. Forest Fires Prevention Act, R.S.O. 1990, C. F.24 forest fires Prevention Act. The Minister may enter into agreements with respect to the prevention, control or extinguishment of grass, brush or forest fires. http://192.75.156.68/DBLaws/Statutes/English/90f24_e.htm

Français Forest Fires Prevention Act R.S.O. 1990, CHAPTER F.24 Notice of Currency:* This document is up to date. *This notice is usually current to within two business days of accessing this document. For more current amendment information, see the Table of Public Statutes (Legislative History) Definitions Definitions "Minister" means the Minister of Natural Resources; ("ministre") "Ministry" means the Ministry of Natural Resources; ("ministère") "municipality" means a local municipality; ("municipalité") "officer" includes a fire warden appointed under section 8 and a special officer appointed under section 9 exercising the powers of his or her appointment; ("agent") "owner" includes a locatee, purchaser from the Crown, assignee, lessee, occupant, purchaser, timber licensee, holder of a mining claim or location, and any person having the right to cut timber or wood upon any land; ("propriétaire") "regulations" means the regulations made under this Act. ("règlements") R.S.O. 1990, c. F.24, s. 1; 2002, c. 17, Sched. F, Table.

89. Cook County FireWise Information This page is designed to assist Northeastern Minnesota residents learn about forest fires, forest fire mitigation, and current situations. http://www.boreal.org/fireinfo/

Preparing you and your property for forest fires Home Safety Gunflint Trail Fire Dept. Press Releases E-mail List ... 2004 Prescribed Burns FireWise Articles: What is FireWise? What is a Fire Triangle? Building in the Woods Fire Safe Lifestyles ... Fall Projects to Protect your Home The Minnesota Interagency Fire Center in Grand Rapids now has a Fire Information Hotline. Dial 1-888-422-3505. There will be a recorded message until conditions warrant. This is a banner year: the Blowdown was 5 years ago, Smokey the Bear is 60, and the BWCAW is 25. Welcome to Boreal Access's Forest Fire Information Website. This page is designed to assist Northeastern Minnesota residents learn about forest fires, forest fire mitigation, and current situations. During the fire season, this page will be updated as information is available. BACKGROUND The July 4, 1999, windstorm blew down over 470,000 acres of trees, significantly changing conditions in parts of the BWCA Wilderness (BWCAW) and surrounding areas. The area most impacted is a 8-10 mile wide, 30-mile long swath in the north central portion of the BWCAW. The high volume of fuel on the ground greatly increases the likelihood of large forest fires in the blowdown and surrounding areas for the foreseeable future. These fires can start and spread easier, burn more intensely, and exceed the capability of firefighters to control. Government agencies (local, State, Federal) and partners are planning for the possibility of forest fire and taking measures to:

90. Friends Of The Earth: Press Release: MONEY WALKS IN INDONESIA AS FOREST FIRES RA Press Release. MONEY WALKS IN INDONESIA AS forest fires RAGE AGAIN. 20 Feb 1998. The fires are strongest in East Kalimantan (part of http://www.foe.co.uk/pubsinfo/infoteam/pressrel/1998/19980220135556.html

Skip navigation and title Home: Press releases: Search ... Contact Home Join Campaigns: Biodiversity Climate Corporates Global Trade Real Food Safer Chemicals Transport Waste Local campaigns Press for change: Jobs Volunteering Publications Press Releases About Us Links Contact Us MONEY WALKS IN INDONESIA AS FOREST FIRES RAGE AGAIN 20 Feb 1998 The main cause of the fires is large plantation companies, many with close connections to the Government, who illegally use fire to clear their land. The fires spread particularly easily through areas that have been heavily logged. Indonesia is the second largest supplier of tropical timber to the UK, and is also a major supplier of palm oil (used in margarine and other foods, soaps etc). Friends of the Earth has written to the UK Timber Trade Federation and to major palm oil importers (including United Biscuits and Van den Burgh Foods), challenging them to provide proof to consumers that they are not trading with companies that have used fire on their land [2]. Georgina Green of Friends of the Earth said: NOTES TO EDITORS: [1] In October last year, over 1 million hectares of forest were burning, releasing an estimated 220 to 290 million tonnes of CO2. This is about half the UK's annual CO2 emissions.

91. GIS Application - Environment Forest Fire Management. Forest burned area mapping by using SPOT images (ACRS 1998); Monitoring of forest fires and oil pollution from space (ACRS 1998); http://www.gisdevelopment.net/application/environment/ffm/

Home Site Map Subscribe Newsletters Search The Site ... Wildlife Management Forest Fire Management Water Pollution Air Pollution Climate Change Relevant Links Forest Fire Management Forest fire monitoring with SPOT-4 satellite imagery (ACRS 2000) (ACRS 2000) The development of forest fire forecasting system using internet GIS and satellite Remote Sensing (ACRS 2000) Mapping and measuring the troposphere pollutants originated from the 1997 forest fire in South East Asia. (ACRS 2000) Detecting burnt tropical forest using optical and microwave remotely sensed data in South Sumatra, Indonesia (ACRS 1999) Fire monitoring in Mongolia (ACRS 1999) Geomantics in emergency planning and management: Canadian forest fire management experience (ACRS 1998) Forest burned area mapping by using SPOT images (ACRS 1998) Monitoring of forest fires and oil pollution from space (ACRS 1998) The variation of viewshed analysis result caused by different implementations (ACRS 1998) Differences in observation of Indonesian fire by DMSP-OLS and NOAA-AVHRR (ACRS 1998) Automated extraction of shorelines from optical and SAR images (ACRS 1998) Forest fires monitoring and assessment by using TM images (ACRS 1994) Abstracts only Cloud masking and fire detection algorithms using NOAA-AVHRR data- A case study over Central Himalayan region Overview Wetland Management Wildlife Management Forest Fire Management Water Pollution Air Pollution Climate Change Relevant Links Related Section/s Application Natural Hazard Management Fire Other Application Sections

92. Protecting Your Home From Forest Fires http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FR047

93. Smokejumping And Forest Fire Fighting Oral History Project Along with these issues, these men and women talked about specific forest fires. USFSIdaho, forest firesIdaho, Forest Fire ManagementIdaho, 85, 43. http://www.idahohistory.net/smokejumper.html

Smokejumping and Forest Fire Fighting Oral History Project On the second Wednesday in August 1999, the oral historian for the Idaho State Historical Society traveled into the Boise foothills to the planned community of Hidden Springs. He met with five former smokejumpers of the roughly dozen smokejumpers in attendance at the smokejumpers' coffee meeting. This gathering, which is described in more detail in a December 18, 2001 (Boise) Idaho Statesman article, began in the early 1990s at the behest of A. Glen "Ace" Nielsen, a former smokejumper. This group has met at least four times a year—and now meets six times a year—and they welcome former smokejumpers from any era and any base. This meeting can last for hours; the oral historian stayed for just a few minutes, leaving the group to continue reminiscing. Smokejumper Base; McCall, Idaho; ca. 1948. Building on left is parachute maintenance building (loft not visible). Middle building is barracks. Building on right is fire cache. Photo courtesy of A. Glen "Ace" Nielsen. Through this meeting the Idaho Oral History Center began interviewing in October 1999 four of those former smokejumpers. While the project initially focused on individuals who jumped from the McCall camp during the 1940s, it has expanded to include not only smokejumpers of the 1950s to the 1990s but also other forest fire fighters and support personnel. As of March 2002, the IOHC has recorded the stories, memories, and opinions of 30 different men and women who helped suppress or manage blazes in the forests of not only Idaho but also forests throughout the U.S. West. We have called this endeavor our "Smokejumping and Forest Fire Fighting Oral History Project."

94. Aljazeera.Net - Eight Russians Die In Forest Fires Eight Russians die in forest fires. Eight people have been killed by forest fires which have raged for two days in Russia s Kurgan region in the eastern Urals. http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/EA41FF22-BF80-4588-A951-4E9CF8F029CE.htm

Advanced Search Homepage News Economy Culture Sci-Tech Special Reports Weather ... Market Watch Home Site Guide Contact Us Set As HomePage Add to favorites Eight Russians die in forest fires Sunday 16 May 2004, 4:52 Makka Time, 1:52 GMT Firefighters have battled a blaze that leaves over 1000 homeless Tools: Email Article Print Article Send Your Feedback Eight people have been killed by forest fires which have raged for two days in Russia's Kurgan region in the eastern Urals. The toll included seven victims in the town of Chashinsk, according to official figures published by the Interfax news agency on Sunday. A dozen fires in the region have destroyed more than 5000 hectares of forest since Friday, Interfax reported. Some 400 homes have been set ablaze, leaving more than 1000 people without a roof over their heads. They have been temporarily lodged in hotels in the region. More than 1500 firefighters, aided by planes and helicopters, are fighting the fires, but high winds and high temperatures (around 40C) in west Siberia were hampering their efforts. A special firefighting plane was to arrive from Moscow on Sunday along with 320 emergency workers from neighbouring areas.

95. CIM Thematic Term On Mathmatics And The Environment Along the past century, in many parts of the world, for human and natural causes, forest fires have become an increasing threat to ambient and man. http://www.mat.uc.pt/~tt2004/fire/

choose another event) Dynamical Systems and Applications Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Dynamics Oceanography, Lakes and Rivers The main goals of the event are: To promote the communication (i.e., mutual knowledge, criticisms, possible future synergies respecting results and, above all, strategies of research) among researchers with a common interest and competence on theoretical modelling issues of forest fires, with an emphasis on fire front propagation. To introduce to the Portuguese mathematicians the open mathematical and physical research problems brought up by some representative theoretical modelling strategies that are being used to describe the behaviour of forest fire fronts.

96. Hinckley Fire Introduction Brief history of two great forest fires which occured along the Munger Trail in Minnesota the Hinckley Fire of 1894 the Cloquet Moose Lake Fire of 1918! http://www.cpinternet.com/~kjackson/fire/jfhinckleyfireintro.html

Introduction to Hinckley Fire Suffering Endured Sketched by Brewer, Hinckley Fire Museum. The Fire Segment of the Munger trail runs 37 miles north from Hinckley to Barnum some 300 people escaped The Great Hinckley Fire of September 1, 1894 along its route. The Hinckley fire was the first of two great fire disasters along the Munger Trail during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The fire burned 350,000 acres and 418 people died. Swenson, Grace Stageberg, From the Ashes: The story of the Hinckley Fire of 1894, p 217. During the years from 1891 through 1894 the Weather Bureau in St. Paul reported a steady loss of moisture in central Minnesota. June July August In the summer of 1894, the temperature averaged 4.2 degrees above normal, and no rain fell in Hinckley and the surrounding areas from May through September 5. Records indicate the Minnesota did not suffer a worse drought until 1976. The morning of September 1, 1894 dawned clear in Hinckley, Minnesota. < Soon the townsfolk noticed the yellow glow from the fire that would destroy their town. As it turned out, the citizens in and around Hinckley had three main ways of escape. The

97. What Is Europe Doing? Forest Fires The facts. Every year, some 45,000 forest fires break out in Europe. Between 1989 and 1993, 2.6 million hectares of woodland were http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/leaflets/disasters/en/forest.html

IMPORTANT LEGAL NOTICE The information on this site is subject to a and a Forest fires Previous Contents Next The facts Every year, some 45,000 forest fires break out in Europe. Between 1989 and 1993, 2.6 million hectares of woodland were destroyed by fire in the Mediterranean alone. That amounts to an area equal to that of Belgium being struck off the map every five years. Fires cause considerable damage in terms of loss of life and in environmental terms through the destruction of fauna and flora. They also have serious economic implications: destruction of habitats, forest damage, costs of fire-fighting, and so on. Most of these fires are caused by man. However, there are many natural factors such as drought, wind speed and topography, which influence the spread of fires and govern their devastating effects. Action Fire-fighting is a complicated business. The aim of research is to understand the behaviour of fire and to give decision-makers, technicians, and firemen the tools to enable them to act with the necessary effectiveness and speed. The European Commission is funding several pilot projects. They are designed to:

98. ENN News Story - Animals Use Techniques To Survive Forest Fires And Predation Animals use techniques to survive forest fires and predation. Thursday, July 24, 2003. By eNature.com. Whitetailed deer flagging. Into the Flames. http://www.enn.com/news/2003-07-24/s_6918.asp

Site Index: Home News ENN Earthnews Affiliates News In-Depth Topics Interact Online Quizzes Postcards Marketplace Business Center Store Advanced Search Advertise Join ENN e-mail Subscription Take our Survey Affiliate Tech Center Post Press Release Help About ENN Site Map Animals use techniques to survive forest fires and predation Thursday, July 24, 2003 By eNature.com White-tailed deer flagging. Into the Flames Thanks to the Disney classic Bambi, many Americans carry a distinct image with them of the way animals react to wildfires: thousands of terrified creatures dashing madly for a river as a wall of flames approaches. However, this image is hardly accurate. Large mammals can usually stay ahead of fires by walking. Even huge blazes seldom move faster than two miles per hour, so these animals can safely flee the advancing flames. Also, most fires don't burn evenly across a landscape, and animals can seek refuge in the areas of unburned terrain. Small animals, by contrast, most often seek refuge below ground in burrows or other cavities. Even flightless insects dig their way into the upper soil or humus as the flames pass. The fire may be burning out of control, but the temperature just a few inches below the surface remains unchanged. One small mammal that doesn't fare well is the wood rat. In forested areas these rodents live in nests made of sticks and other dry vegetation placed just above ground level or low in trees, and these sites are extremely vulnerable to understory fires.

99. Thousands Fight Forest Fires In Northern China - 8/8/2002 - ENN.com Thousands fight forest fires in northern China. Thursday, August 08, 2002. By Reuters. BEIJING — Up to 5,000 firefighters are battling http://www.enn.com/news/wire-stories/2002/08/08082002/reu_48071.asp

Site Index: Home News ENN Earthnews Affiliates News In-Depth Topics Interact Online Quizzes Postcards Marketplace Business Center Store Advanced Search Advertise Join ENN e-mail Subscription Take our Survey Affiliate Tech Center Post Press Release Help About ENN Site Map Thousands fight forest fires in northern China Thursday, August 08, 2002 By Reuters The wildfires are devouring forests in the Greater Hinggan Mountains, which stretch for 1,200 km (730 miles) through the northern region of Inner Mongolia, the Xinhua news agency said. More than 500 forest rangers had joined 3,600 firefighters on Wednesday to try to contain eight fires in the area that had been started by lightning strikes, the official news agency said. Some of the fires had been burning since July, and only one of them had been contained, Xinhua reported, without saying how much area the flames had consumed. "After the fires broke out, relevant departments attempted to create more rain, but weather conditions were unfavorable, and not much extra rain resulted," Xinhua said. State radio reported no casualties.

100. Burning Bogs Belch Carbon: Global-warming Models Should Account For Peat In Fore Globalwarming models should account for peat in forest fires. The amount of carbon released from peat and forest fires in Indonesia during 1997. http://www.nature.com/nsu/021104/021104-11.html

updated at midnight GMT search nature science update advanced search Burning bogs belch carbon Global-warming models should account for peat in forest fires. 7 November 2002 TOM CLARKE Indonesia's 1997 fires covered an area twice the size of Belgium Wildfires in the tropics are spewing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, a new study finds. They could influence global warming, and look set to get worse. "I was stunned," says David Schimel at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, recalling how he had to check the calculations for himself. But another analysis backs up the results. Ray Langenfelds of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation in Aspendale, Australia, and colleagues measured trace amounts of other fire-related gases in the atmosphere. They agree that a large part of the pulse of carbon dioxide seen in 1997-1998 came from wildfires - the largest being in Indonesia Wildfires must now be factored into models of global warming, says Schimel. Page's study will help scientists estimate how much carbon a burning bog is putting out, compared with fires in other types of forest. For peat's sake The powerful pulse of carbon came largely from smouldering peat swamps, which are up to 20 metres deep in some parts of Indonesia. Peat is compacted plant material preserved in bogs by acid. It is so rich in carbon it can be used as fuel. Most of the burning peat in Indonesia lost 25 to 85 centimetres of its depth.

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