141. Fluoride Food Sources, Functions, Deficiency, Toxicity. fluoridated water andtoothpastes, seafood, formation of bones and teeth, prevents decay http://www.wvda.org/nutrient/fluoride.html

Food Sources Functions Deficiency Toxicity fluoridated water and toothpastes, seafood formation of bones and teeth, prevents decay of teeth tooth decay discolored teeth, nausea, vomiting Back to Vitamins and Minerals

142. Krass India | Fluorosis Krishna Ram Ayurvigyan Shodh Sansthan, India (Krass India) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to improving the quality of life, of people with various medical problems. http://www.krassindia.org/fluoride.htm

Home About Us Our Focus Ongoing Research ... Naturopathy and Yoga Fluorosis Fluorosis is a disease caused due to excessive ingestion of fluoride. Fluoride are the compounds of fluorine. Fluorine is the 13th most abundant element available in the earth crust. As the surface water passes through the fluoride rich rocks it carries fluoride with it, hence most of the fluoride is found in ground water than surface water. Permissible limit of fluoride :WHO and IS 10500 (1991) standards permit only 1.5 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L respectively as a safe limit for human consumption whereas several districts of Rajasthan India are consuming water with fluoride concentrations of up to 24 - 44 mg/l. Krass India's Role: The information on Fluorosis provided on this site shall be of phenomenal value in providing education and support for prevention of this disease to: Patients

143. Fluoridation: A Horror Story The original chemistry prelude was designed to help the reader understand the natureof fluoride and why it is used in industry how it is, why it is a waste http://home1.gte.net/res0k62m/fluoride.htm

Fluoridation: A Horror Story You are visitor number since February 2003 By Wade Frazier Introduction Compulsory Fluoridation: An Industrial Tale Harold Hodge, the Nuclear Connection, and Our Brains Conclusion ... Fluoridation: A Chemistry Prelude, Now an Addendum Introduction Earlier drafts of this essay had a several page chemistry narrative at its beginning, which presented some germane aspects of chemistry, so this fluoridation essay was more understandable.  Early readers felt it was too much technical information for those in the lay audience, particularly as they begin their reading experience. The original chemistry prelude was designed to help the reader understand the nature of fluoride and why it is used in industry how it is, why it is a waste product of certain industrial processes, and lays the groundwork for understanding why it was so important in the nuclear industry.  To make it easier on readers, that prelude is now an addendum to this essay .  Reading the prelude is not imperative to understanding this essay, but might make some things clearer. In short, fluorine is the most reactive element known to science ("reactive" means its affinity to bonding with other elements).

144. Nat'l Academies Press, Health Effects Of Ingested Fluoride (1993), Table Of Cont Questions? Call 800624-6242. Health Effects of Ingested fluoride (1993) Commission 2DENTAL FLUOROSIS, 19-50. 3 fluoride EXPOSURE AND RISK OF BONE FRACTURE, 51-72. http://www.nap.edu/books/030904975X/html/

Read more than 3,000 books online FREE! More than 900 PDFs now available for sale HOME ABOUT NAP CONTACT NAP HELP ... ORDERING INFO Items in cart [0] TRY OUR SPECIAL DISCOVERY ENGINE Questions? Call 800-624-6242 Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride Commission on Life Sciences ( CLS CHAPTER SELECTOR: Openbook Linked Table of Contents FRONT MATTER, pp. i-xiv CONTENTS, pp. xv-xviii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY, pp. 1-14 1 INTRODUCTION, pp. 15-18 2 DENTAL FLUOROSIS, pp. 19-50 3 FLUORIDE EXPOSURE AND RISK OF BONE FRACTURE, pp. 51-72 4 REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS OF FLUORIDE, pp. 73-84 5 EFFECTS OF INGESTED FLUORIDE ON RENAL, GASTROINTESTINAL,..., pp. 85-90 6 GENOTOXICITY OF FLUORIDE, pp. 91-108 7 CARCINOGENICITY OF FLUORIDE, pp. 109-124 8 INTAKE, METABOLISM, AND DISPOSITION OF FLUORIDE, pp. 125-134 REFERENCES, pp. 135-166 APPENDIX 1, pp. 167-172 APPENDIX 2, pp. 173-176 APPENDIX 3, pp. 177-180 GO TO PAGE: Table of Contents SEARCH THIS BOOK: FRONT MATTER i-xiv CONTENTS xv-xviii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION 2 DENTAL FLUOROSIS 3 FLUORIDE EXPOSURE AND RISK OF BONE FRACTURE ... APPENDIX 3 The Open Book page image presentation framework is not designed to replace printed books. Rather, it is a free, browsable, nonproprietary, fully and deeply searchable version of the publication which we can inexpensively and quickly produce to make the material available worldwide. For most effective printing, use the "printable PDF page" link available on each OpenBook page's tool block. The 300 x 150 dpi PDF linked to it is printable on your local printer.

145. ABCsearch.com Public Health Service Report on fluoride Benefits and RisksPublic Health Service Report on fluoride Benefits and Risks. Ad Hoc Subcommitteeon fluoride. Committee DDS. fluoride Final Report Workgroup. http://www.scruz.net/~paul/issues/Fluoride.html

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146. Safety (MSDS) Data For Hydrogen Fluoride Safety (MSDS) data for hydrogen fluoride. General. Synonyms hydrogenfluoride anhydrous See also hydrofluoric acid which is an aqueous http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/HY/hydrogen_fluoride.html

Safety (MSDS) data for hydrogen fluoride General Synonyms: hydrogen fluoride anhydrous [See also hydrofluoric acid which is an aqueous solution of hydrogen fluoride.] Molecular formula: HF CAS No: 7664-39-3 EINECS No: 231-634-8 Physical data Appearance: colourless gas with a pungent odour Melting point: -83 C Boiling point: 19 C Vapour density: Vapour pressure: 1088 hPa at 20 C Density (g cm Flash point: Explosion limits: Autoignition temperature: Stability Stable. Hygroscopic. Incompatible with glass, alkali metals, light metals, alkaline earth metals Toxicology Very toxic. May be fatal if inhaled or swallowed, and in contact with skin. Causes severe burns. Eye contact may lead to permanent eye damage, including blindness. May act as a systemic poison. Typical STEL 2.5 mg/m3. Toxicity data (The meaning of any toxicological abbreviations which appear in this section is given here. ORL-RAT LD50 1276 mg kg Risk phrases (The meaning of any risk phrases which appear in this section is given here.)

147. Fluoride Facts ATLANTA The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released, on August16, a comprehensive study by fluoride experts who evaluated the scientific http://www.fluoridefacts.org/

Oral Health Crisis in Massachusetts Oral Health Crisis in the U.S. ... Newsletter Fall 2003 US CDC Urges Communities to Fluoridate ATLANTA The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released, on August 16, a comprehensive study by "fluoride experts who evaluated the scientific evidence for the various fluoride products used in the United States." The report re-affirms that fluoride is "a safe, effective, and inexpensive method of preventing tooth decay. Adding fluoride to municipal drinking water also is an efficient strategy to reduce the inequalities in dental disease among Americans of all social strata." More on CDC recommendations for using fluoride. Find out which 135 Massachusetts communities already fluoridate their water, benefiting almost 60% of the state population. (PDF file, 9.6KB) Fluoride Protects Seniors Too By Abraham W. Haddad, D.M.D.

148. Fluoride Fact Sheet, Water Resources Center, University Of Minnesota fluoride in Drinking Water. Barbara contact. fluoride is a naturally occurringmineral that has been the center of a controversy for 45 years. http://www.extension.umn.edu/water/fluoride.html

Fluoride in Drinking Water Barbara Liukkonen, Water Resources Education Coordinator, author and contact Craig Hassel, Extension Specialist, Food and Nutrition, contact Fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral that has been the center of a controversy for 45 years. It is dissolved in varying concentrations in all natural waters and has been added to some public water supplies. The addition of fluoride to public water systems is mainly intended to reduce the incidence of dental cavities, but fluoridation remains a controversial subject. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) has set the primary drinking water standard for fluoride in public water supplies at 4 parts per million (ppm, the same as mg/L). Public water supplies are generally fluoridated to levels between 1 and 1.7 ppm. The Minnesota Department of Health has also set the Recommended Allowable Limit (RAL) for private water supplies at 4 ppm. Natural fluoride concentrations in groundwater in Minnesota may range from less than 1 ppm to 10 ppm. Excessive levels of fluoride have been shown to cause discoloring or staining of the teeth, called fluorosis, but the concentration at which fluorosis begins has not been firmly established.

149. Fluoride Fantasies fluoride FANTASIES. ll surveys both here In this scheme, sodium fluorideoccupied a prominent place. Repeated doses of infinitesimal http://www.trunkerton.fsnet.co.uk/fluoride_fantasies.htm

150. Fluoride: Commie Plot Or Capitalist Ploy--Joel Griffiths fluoride Commie Plot or Capitalist Ploy. Joel Griffiths. Cows crawled 4).fluoride emissions? fluoride, as in toothpaste? Well, yes. fluoride http://www.primitivism.com/fluoride.htm

- Topics - Home News Primitivism Politics ... Author Index Fluoride: Commie Plot or Capitalist Ploy Joel Griffiths Cows crawled around the pasture on their bellies, inching along like giant snails. So crippled by bone disease they could not stand up, this was the only way they could graze. Some died kneeling after giving birth to stunted calves. Others kept on crawling until, no longer able to chew because their teeth had crumbled down to the nerves, they began to starve....(1) These were the cattle of the Mohawk Indians on the New York-Canadian St. Regis Reservation during the period 1960-75, when industrial pollution devastated the herd and along with it, the Mohawks' way of life. Crops and trees withered, birds and bees fled from this remnant of land the Mohawk still call Akwesasne, "the land where the partridge drums." Today, nets cast into the St. Lawrence River by Mohawk fishers bring up ulcerated fish with spinal deformities. Mohawk children, too, have shown signs of damage to bones and teeth.(2) In 1980, the Mohawks filed a $150 million lawsuit for damage to themselves and their property against the companies responsible for the pollution: the Reynolds Metals Co. and the Aluminum Co. of America (ALCOA). But five years of legal costs bankrupted the tribe and they settled for $650,000 in damages to their cows;3 the court, however, left the door open for a future Mohawk suit for damage to their own health. After all, commented human rights lawyer Robert Pritchard, "What judge wants to go down in history as being the judge who approved the annihilation of the Indians by fluoride emissions?"(4)

151. Fluoride In Water The drug? Hydrogen fluoride, often added to the water supply as a toothdecaypreventive. Other Fluoridation website. fluoride Action Network. Home. http://www.pure-food.com/fluoride_in_water.htm

Drink a glass of water, soda, juice or beer and you will probably be consuming a potent drug formerly prescribed to depress the thyroid gland. No laughing matter considering the consequences an underactive thyroid gland can have on one's health. You will have consumed a notorious air pollutant captures in the wet-scrubbing systems used by industries to clean their emissions. The drug? Hydrogen fluoride, often added to the water supply as a tooth-decay preventive. Few people know that the hazardous waste from the chemical fertilizer industry is the source of the fluoride chemicals used to fluoridate water. As one of the phosphate industry's trade journals aptly puts it: The fluorine compounds liberated during the acidulation of phosphate rock are now regarded as a menace and the industry is now obliged to suppress emissions-containing vapors to within very low limits in most parts of the world. As with any pollution control operation, it is highly desirable for the operator of the fluorine scrubber to find a use or market for the recovered fluorine to help defray at least partially the cost of the operation. Although marketing the recovered fluorine may be a nice deal for Cargill Fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer industry, the public water supply is not an appropriate vehicle for hazardous waste management.

152. Fluoride, Linus Pauling Institute's Micronutrient Information Center fluoride (FLUORINE). Fluorine occurs naturally in the Earth s crust, water,and food as the negatively charged ion, fluoride (F ). fluoride http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/minerals/fluoride/

Information Center Home LPI Home Nutrient Index Disease Index ... Printer-friendly Version FLUORIDE (FLUORINE) Fluorine occurs naturally in the Earth's crust, water, and food as the negatively charged ion , fluoride (F ). Fluoride is considered a trace element because only small amounts are present in the body (about 2.6 grams in adults), and because the daily requirement for maintaining dental health is only a few milligrams a day. About 95% of the total body fluoride is found in bones and teeth . Although its role in the prevention of dental caries (tooth decay) is well established, fluoride is not generally considered an essential mineral element because humans do not require it for growth or to sustain life . However, if one considers the prevention of chronic disease (dental caries), an important criterion in determining essentiality, then fluoride might well be considered an essential trace element FUNCTION Fluoride is absorbed in the stomach and small intestine . Once in the blood stream it rapidly enters mineralized tissue (bones and developing teeth). At usual intake levels, fluoride does not accumulate in soft tissue. The predominant mineral elements in bone are crystals of calcium and phosphate, known as hydroxyapatite crystals. Fluoride's high chemical reactivity and small radius allow it to either displace the larger hydroxyl (-OH) ion in the hydroxyapatite crystal, forming fluoroapatite, or to increase crystal density by entering spaces within the hydroxyapatite crystal. Fluoroapatite hardens tooth

153. Cancer.gov - Dictionary Liquid. fluoride A chemical that helps prevent tooth decay. fluoride may be presentin drinking water or applied to the teeth. fluoroscope (FLOORo-skope) http://cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=F

154. The Power Of Fluoride ( Healthyteeth.org) This experiment simulates the protection power of fluoride. What you llneed 1 bottle of fluoride rinse solution (available from http://www.healthyteeth.org/experiments/powerFlu.html

This experiment simulates the protection power of Fluoride. What you'll need: 1 bottle of Fluoride rinse solution (available from your dentist, local dental supply company and some pharmacies) 2 eggs 1 bottle of white vinegar What to do: What will happen: One egg will start to bubble as the vinegar (an acid) starts to attack the minerals in the egg shell. Which egg do you think will start to bubble? Note: with any science experiment, it is recommended you have an adult present for supervision. N.S. Department of Health publication Dental Health Grades 4 - 6/89. Acid Attack Hidden Sugar Floss is the Boss World's Wackiest Dental Office This site is for educational purposes only and any other use requires direct permission from the Nova Scotia Dental Association. Please direct any questions or comments to nsda@hfx.eastlink.ca

155. FLUORIDE & BONE: An Annotated Bibliography fluoride BONE An Annotated Bibliography. 1a) Studies reporting association betweenfluoridated water ( 1.2 ppm fluoride) hip fracture. (Back to top). http://www.slweb.org/fluoride-bone.html

See printer friendly version Prepared by Michael Connett Updated October 2003 Clinical trials finding association between fluoride therapy and bone fracture Animal studies finding fluoride reduces the strength/quality of bone Fluori Endemic fluorosis studies ... ride co In the 1980s, a host of clinical trials testing the efficacy of fluoride as a treatment for osteoporosis, reported that fluoride increased the rate of bone fracture (see section 2 ). In light of these trials, interest began to emerge as to whether water fluoridation might also increase the rate of fracture. While the clinical trials used higher daily doses of fluoride (23 - 35 mg F/day) than are ingested in fluoridated communities, the trials lasted for relatively short periods of time (1 - 4 years). With water fluoridation, people consume lower doses of fluoride (1.6 - 6.6 mg F/day), but for much longer periods (70-100 years). In the 1990s, a flurry of epidemiological studies were conducted to determine whether fluoridation increased fracture rates, with particular interest placed on hip fractures , the most serious type of fracture.

156. HealthWorld Online - Integrative Medicine - NaturLeaf. The Dangers of fluoride and Fluoridation. © Michael Schachter MD, FACAM. Isit safe? Most Americans are unaware of the dangers of ingesting fluoride. http://www.healthy.net/library/articles/schacter/fluoride.n.htm

157. Flouride Linked To Attention Deficit And Learning Disorders fluoride Exposure During Pregnancy. Sodium fluoride is currently added to the majorityof municipal water systems in the US to prevent cavities in children. http://www.chem-tox.com/pregnancy/fluoride.htm

Fluoride Exposure During Pregnancy Links to Learning Disabilities Attention Deficit and Behavior Disorders SOURCE: Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 17(2), 1995 INTRODUCTION First Study to Find Neurological Deficits After Fluoride Exposure Chinese investigations have shown levels of fluoride in drinking water at levels of 3-11 ppm affect the nervous system without first causing physical malformations. Another Chinese study found Attention Deficit Disorders in adult humans if sublingual drops containing 100 ppm of sodium fluoride were administered. Sources of fluoride exposure include processed beverages, toothpastes, mouth rinses, dietary supplements and food. This is an exposure level potentially relevant to humans because toothpastes contain 1000 to 1500 ppm fluoride and mouthrinses contain 230-900 ppm fluoride. In the 1995 article appearing in the journal Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Dr. Phyllis J Mullenix states, " Still unexplored, however, is the possibility that fluoride exposure is linked with subtle brain dysfunction. This is the first study to demonstrate that central nervous system output is vulnerable to fluoride, that the effects on behavior depend on the age at exposure and that fluoride accumulates in brain tissues. Of course behaviors per se do not extrapolate, but a generic behavioral pattern disruption as found in this rat study can be indicative of potential for motor dysfunction, IQ deficits and/or learning disabilities in humans. Substances that accumulate in brain tissue potentiate concerns about neurotoxic risk."

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