61. Finland - Government And Politics SINCE THE ESTABLISHMENT of its present system of government in 1919, finland hasbeen one of the more fortunate members of the Western community of democratic http://countrystudies.us/finland/110.htm

Government and Politics Finland Table of Contents SINCE THE ESTABLISHMENT of its present system of government in 1919, Finland has been one of the more fortunate members of the Western community of democratic nations. Compared with other European states, the country was only moderately affected by the political turmoil of the interwar period; it passed through World War II relatively unscathed; and, although right on the line that divided Europe into two hostile blocs after the second half of the 1940s, it survived as an independent nation with its democratic institutions intact. This enviable record was achieved against formidable odds. Although the constitutional basis of their government grew out of long-established institutions, Finns had never been fully free to govern themselves until late 1917 when they achieved national independence. Swedish and Russian rulers had always ultimately determined their affairs. Finnish society was also marked by deep fissures that became deeper after the brief civil war (1918), which left scars that needed several generations to heal. In addition to class and political divisions, the country also had to contend with regional and linguistic differences. These problems were eventually surmounted, and by the 1980s the watchword in Finnish politics was consensus. A constitutional system that was conservative in nature had allowed these parties to work together, yet within constraints that permitted no single group to usurp the rights of another. Nevertheless, the variety of parties had made it very difficult to put together coalitions that could attain the strict qualified majorities needed to effect fundamental changes. Only since the second half of the 1960s had it been possible, though at times difficult, to find a broad enough multiparty consensus.

62. Finland- Government finland. government. MANNERHEIM, Carl Gustav Emil Freiherr von (RK m.EL) (1867 1951) Sotamarsalkka (Marshal of finland) Born 4. Jun. http://www.geocities.com/~orion47/FINLAND/FinlandGovt.html

FINLAND Government MANNERHEIM, Carl Gustav Emil Freiherr von (RK m. EL) Sotamarsalkka (Marshal of Finland) Born: 4. Jun. 1867 in Villnäs near Abo (now: Askainen), Finland (then Russia) Died: 27. Jan. 1951 in Lausanne, Switzerland Career: President of the Finnish Republic: 1944 - 1946 Marshal of Finland: 1933 - ~ Ritterkreuz des Eisernes Kreuzes: 30. Aug. 1941 as Marshal of Finland and Commander-in-Chief, Finnish Army ~ Eichenlaub: 5. Aug. 1944 as Marshal of Finland and Commander-in-Chief, Finnish Army RYTI, Risto Born: Died: Career: Honorary Doctor of Helsinki University: 1956. President of the Finnish Republic: 19. Dec. 1940 - 1944 Prime Minister: 1. Dec. 1939 - 19. Dec. 1940 Lawyer; supporter of Finnish Progressive Party. Postwar Prosecution: Tried for war crimes and convicted, 1946, receiving a sentence of 10 years' imprisonment; pardoned, 1949. Links to other sites on the Web Back to ABR Homepage

63. Alexa Web Search - Subjects > Regional > Europe > Finland > Government government categories, updated daily! 1. Kauppa ja teollisuusministeriö www.ktm.fi- Site Info. 2. China www.chinaembassy-fi.org - Site Info. 3. finland - http://www.alexa.com/browse/categories?catid=111191

64. Suomen Hallitus | Finland's Government Further background on finland s Constitution and government is availablethrough the Society Institutions portion of Virtual finland. http://www.henkimaa.nu/finndex/hallitus/

International See also Finland is a sovereign republic governed as a parliamentary democracy. Further background on Finland's Constitution and government is available through the portion of Virtual Finland Suomen perustuslaki Finlands grundlag Constitution of Finland The new Constitution of Finland entered into force on 1 March 2000, and is the cornerstone of all legislation and exercises of public power in Finland. The new Constitution is based on four old constitutional acts: the Constitution Act of Finland, the Parliament Act and two acts on ministerial liability. This Ministry of Justice website provides the text of the Constitution in English and other languages, as well as a history, The Finnish System of Government: From a Mixed Constitution to Parliamentarism by Jaakko Nousiainen, and a booklet explaining the Constitution's provisions.

65. Regional, Europe, Finland, Government: Military Related links of interest SocietyMilitary. Finnish Contribution to Peacekeeping An article on finland s role in UN and OSCE peacekeeping operations. http://www.combose.com/Regional/Europe/Finland/Government/Military/

Top Regional Europe Finland ... Military Related links of interest: Society:Military Finnish Contribution to Peacekeeping - An article on Finland's role in UN and OSCE peacekeeping operations. Security and Defence Policy in Finland - A short article on the country's defense planning and security environment. The Finnish Defence Forces - Finland's policy of military non-alliance and independent defense and its requirements. Organization of the navy, air force, and western, northern and eastern commands. Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web. Submit a Site Open Directory Project Become an Editor The combose.com directory is based on the Open Directory and has been modified and enhanced using our own technology. About ComboSE Download Combose Toolbar

66. Regional, Europe, Finland: Government More results from www.combose.com Bomis The Regional/Europe/finland/government ringBomis The Regional/Europe/finland/government ring. http://www.combose.com/Regional/Europe/Finland/Government/

Top Regional Europe Finland ... Politics Related links of interest: Society:Government:Multilateral:Regional:European Union Regional:Europe:Government World:Suomi:Yhteiskunta:Hallinto Financial Supervision Authority - Supervises about five hundred entities, including banks, brokerage firms, stock and derivatives exchanges, and management companies for mutual funds. Operates in connection with the Bank of Finland but is an independent decision making body. Finnish Environmental Administration - Links to the Ministry of the Environment and Finnish Environment Institute. Institute of Migration - General information about international and internal migration. Immigration and emigration statistics. Articles on Finnish migration during the years. Kela: The Social Insurance Institution - Social security in Finland. Ministry for Foreign Affairs - Official Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland site. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry - Facts and figures about the countryside. Veterinary services, control of foodstuffs, fisheries, game management, natural resources and land survey. Ministry of Defence - Information on the defense policy, press releases and publications.

67. Bomis: The Europe/Finland/Government/Finnish Embassies And Consulates Ring Bomis The Europe/finland/government/Finnish Embassies and Consulates ring. http://www.bomis.com/rings/Mfinnish-embassies-and-consulates-regional

Bomis: The Europe/Finland/Government/Finnish Embassies and Consulates ring Build a ring Suggest URL! Email ringmaster! Ring Info! See also... ...Regional/Europe/Finland/Government Home My Bomis Webmasters ... Ring Rankings Sneak preview of new search engine from Bomis Search Wikia for Finnish Embassies and Consulates Ring sites Embassy of Finland Located in Moscow. Visa and transit visa information, and general information about Finland. www.finemb-moscow.fi Embassy of Finland Located in Bucharest, Romania. Visa, permits and general information about Finland. finlandia.ro Embassy of Finland Located in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. www.finemb-abu.com Finlands Ambassade Embassy of Finland located in Copenhagen, Denmark. www.finamb.dk Embassy of Finland Located in Tokyo, Japan. Travel and visa information. www.finland.or.jp The Embassy of Finland Located in Windhoek, Namibia. www.mac.com.na Embassy of Finland Located in Canberra, Australia. www.finland.org.au Embassy of Finland in Tel Aviv Israel - Information for Finns and foreigners about visas and passports. Information about Finnish-Israeli relations, Cyprus and Palestinian territories. www.finemb.org.il

68. Finland [government] pubilcation, finland. Coordinator Schools Governments Teacher EducationResearch Links Co-operation Publications. webmaster, 29 March, 2002. http://www.ensi.org/dbmanag/countries/government.asp?country=5

69. Finland - Government government, finland. Country name conventional long form Republicof finland conventional short form finland local short form Suomi http://www.exxun.com/Finland/d_gv.html

exxun.com america europe africa ... world Evolving xxlarge UNion - thousands windows on the world - constantly updated Home Countries Flags Maps ... Advertise with us Finland - Suomi EU Member Flag Introduction Map Geography ... Music Translation powered by Google Government Finland Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Finland conventional short form: Finland local short form: Suomi local long form: Suomen Tasavalta Government type: republic Capital: Helsinki Administrative divisions: 6 provinces (laanit, singular - laani); Aland, Etela-Suomen Laani, Ita-Suomen Laani, Lansi-Suomen Laani, Lappi, Oulun Laani Independence: 6 December 1917 (from Russia) National holiday: Independence Day, 6 December (1917) Constitution: 1 March 2000 Legal system: civil law system based on Swedish law; Supreme Court may request legislation interpreting or modifying laws; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Tarja HALONEN (since 1 March 2000) head of government: Prime Minister Matti VANHANEN (since 24 June 2003) and Deputy Prime Minister Antti KALLIOMAKI (since 17 April 2003); note - former Prime Minister Anneli JAATTEENMAKI resigned

70. EU Business - Finland 22/04/2004 finland s government hinted Thursday that it could consider relinquishingits seat on the European Commission when the European Union expands to 25 http://www.eubusiness.com/topics/Finland

@import url(http://www.eubusiness.com/plone.css); Select a Topic Agriculture Chemicals Competition Consumer CSR Employment Euro Energy Environment EU Institutions Finance Fisheries Health Internet Media Pharmaceuticals SMEs Social Telecoms Trade Transport Select a Country Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey UK Ukraine Search EUbusiness Documents PressZONE Events Discussion ... Register Finland Next Finnish exporters ache under euro strength but nobody wants markka back The Finnish export industry is suffering from the strength of the euro, but despite intense pain, nobody is calling for a return to the bad old days of the former local currency, the chronically unstable markka. Record number of Finns running for European Parliament A record 227 Finnish candidates, including a number of party leaders and television celebrities, are running for a European Parliament seat in next month's EU elections, media reported Wednesday. Finland to restrict job market in enlarged EU The Finnish parliament voted Friday to restrict for at least two years job opportunities for nationals of eight of 10 countries due to join the European Union on May 1, among them the country's neighbour Estonia, the FNB agency reported.

71. Fablis Directory For /Regional/Europe/Finland/Government Information and directory resources about and for the category /Regional/Europe/finland/government.Web Directory, Quick Search http://directory.fablis.com/guide/Regional/Europe/Finland/Government

Web Directory Quick Search Fablis Regional Europe Finland ... Government Government Click here to list your site Embassies and Consulates Flags@ Law ... Politics@ See also: Top/Regional/Europe/Finland/Society and Culture Top/Society/Government/By Country Financial Supervision Authority - Supervises about five hundred entities, including banks, brokerage firms, stock and derivatives exchanges, and management companies for mutual funds. Operates in connection with the Bank of Finland but is an independent decision making body. Finnish Environmental Administration - Links to the Ministry of the Environment and Finnish Environment Institute. Institute of Migration - General information about international and internal migration. Immigration and emigration statistics. Articles on Finnish migration during the years. Kela: The Social Insurance Institution - Social security in Finland. Ministry for Foreign Affairs - Official Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland site. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry - Facts and figures about the countryside. Veterinary services, control of foodstuffs, fisheries, game management, natural resources and land survey. Ministry of Defence - Information on the defense policy, press releases and publications.

72. ZapMeta Directory > Regional > Europe > Finland > Government Basic information, news and history. http//government.fi/liston/base.lsp?l=2. OfficialMinistry of Transport and Communication of finland. http://www.zapmeta.com/search/meta/db.pl?dir=111191

73. Traveljournals.net - Government Of Finland long form Republic of finland conventional short form finland local longform Suomen Tasavalta local short form Suomi. government type republic. http://www.traveljournals.net/explore/finland/government.html

Home Explore Pictures Stories ... Accommodation Search: Navigation: Home Explore Finland / Government Government of Finland Locations: A B C D ... Search Country name: conventional long form:  Republic of Finland conventional short form:  Finland local long form:  Suomen Tasavalta local short form:  Suomi Government type: republic Capital: Helsinki Administrative divisions: 6 provinces (laanit, singular - laani); Aland, Etela-Suomen Laani, Ita-Suomen Laani, Lansi-Suomen Laani, Lappi, Oulun Laani Independence: 6 December 1917 (from Russia) National holiday: Independence Day, 6 December (1917) Constitution: 17 July 1919 Legal system: civil law system based on Swedish law; Supreme Court may request legislation interpreting or modifying laws; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state:  President Tarja HALONEN (since 1 March 2000) head of government:  Prime Minister Paavo LIPPONEN (since 13 April 1995) and Deputy Prime Minister Sauli NIINISTO (since 13 April 1995) cabinet:  Council of State or Valtioneuvosto appointed by the president, responsible to Parliament

74. Finland-Government And Governmental Organisations government and governmental Organisations. government, governmental Organisation.President of finland, Office the Data Protection Ombudsman. http://www.ceehr.euv-frankfurt-o.de/hr/states/finland/01.htm

Government and Governmental Organisations Government Governmental Organisation President of Finland Office the Data Protection Ombudsman Parliament of Finland Office of the Chancellor of Justice ... Add Site Last Update:

75. Finland Information: Facts, Geography, People, Government, Economy, Flag And Fin MyTravelGuide. We also have a finland Tourism Guide. Facts, Geography, People,government, Flag, Economy and finland Map. government, finland. Country http://www.mytravelguide.com/guides-and-advice/fact-book/cia/Finland.php

Friendly hotel experts by phone Hotels: Vacation Rentals: Europe: Home Flights Lodging Rental Cars ... World Map > Finland This page provides up-to-date facts and statistical information on Finland that can be helpful for travelers in their trip preparations. The following Finland information can be found on this page: a Brief history Climate and Terrain Elevation extremes Natural hazards Population HIV Prevalance Ethnic Groups Spoken Languages Literacy National Holiday Legal System Economy Poverty level Currency Telelphone System Radio Stations Internet service providers Military Transnational Issues For more information on Finland and its cities, check out our Finland Tourism Guide , found in the Destination Guides section of MyTravelGuide. If you have a question about Finland, you can ask it in the " Ask a Question " section of MyTravelGuide. We also have a Finland Tourism Guide Facts, Geography, People, Government, Flag, Economy and Finland Map. Country List World Factbook Home The World Factbook Finland Introduction Finland Background: Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It finally won its complete independence in 1917. During World War II, it was able to successfully defend its freedom and resist invasions by the Soviet Union - albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent half century, the Finns made a remarkable transformation from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is now on par with Western Europe. As a member of the European Union, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro system at its initiation in January 1999.

76. Kunnallistieteiden Laitos Department Of Local Government Studies Local government in finland. The local government system in finland, as inother Scandinavian countries, is based on strong local selfgovernment. http://www.uta.fi/laitokset/kunn/sivu.shtml?english.shtml

77. Finland finland s general position that the balance of power between the institutions ofthe EU should not be changed dramatically (finland s government 1996, 15). http://www.valt.helsinki.fi/vol/projects/finland.htm

"Finland" By Timo Kivimäki , Ph.D. Professor of International Politics University of Helsinki, Finland Yearbook of European Integration 1997, Bonn 1997. Finland in Europe in 1996-7: overall popular foundations for integration Finland's steps towards the EMU Finland and the IGC 1996-7: Finland and the Integration of Security Arrangements ... Sources Finland in Europe in 1996-7: overall popular foundations for integration In democratic Europe, popular opinion can be seen as the foundation of integration policies. Thus Finland's integration and relationship with the rest of Europe can be approached by first looking at the popular foundations and only then proceeding to the policies of the government towards the most important processes of the present European integration - the EMU process, the Inter-Governmental Conference, and the security integration in a broader context. Finland's domestic political position for further integration into Europe remained relatively favorable in 1996 and at the beginning of 1997. A majority of Finns continued to favor Finland's EU-membership - in fact the support has grown since the popular referendum in 1994. At the same time, monetary- and security-related integration is not viewed quite as favorably by Finns. Forty-five percent of Finns did not want to see Finland among the first members of the EMU, and only 23% considered it desirable. Yet only 21% saw that it would not be disastrous for Finland to stay out altogether if several other EU members joined the EMU (compared to the 43% who did consider staying out as disastrous) (EVA 1996). Regarding defence questions, the general attitude has traditionally been in favour of cooperation with NATO, but against full membership (EVA 1996). This position against NATO membership has even strengthened in 1997.

78. :: Ez2Find :: Government Operates in connection with the Bank of finland but is an independent decision URLhttp//www.vyh.fi/eng/; The Finnish government Site Info - Translate http://ez2find.com/cgi-bin/directory/meta/search.pl/Regional/Europe/Finland/Gove

Guide : Government Global Metasearch Any Language English Afrikaans Arabic Bahasa Melayu Belarusian Bulgarian Catala Chinese Simplified Chinese Traditional Cymraeg Czech Dansk Deutsch Eesti Espanol Euskara Faroese Francais Frysk Galego Greek Hebrew Hrvatski Indonesia Islenska Italiano Japanese Korean Latvian Lietuviu Lingua Latina Magyar Netherlands Norsk Polska Portugues Romana Russian Shqip Slovensko Slovensky Srpski Suomi Svenska Thai Turkce Ukrainian Vietnamese Mode All Words Any Word Phrase Results Timeout Depth Adult Filter Add to Favorites Other Search Web News Newsgroups Images Invisible Web Metasearch House of Representatives SearchGov Census White House Guides Government ez2Find Home Directory Regional Europe ... Finland : Government Embassies and Consulates Flags Law Military ... Politics Related Categories Regional: Europe: Government Society: Government Society: Government: Multilateral: Regional: European Union World: Suomi: Yhteiskunta: Hallinto Web Sites Financial Supervision Authority [Site Info] [Translate] [Open New Window] Supervises about five hundred entities, including banks, brokerage firms, stock and derivatives exchanges, and management companies for mutual funds. Operates in connection with the Bank of Finland but is an independent decision making body. URL: http://www.rata.bof.fi/

79. Travel-Directory.org: Destinations/Europe/Finland/Government http//government.fi/liston/base.lsp?l=2 Rate It Review It of Transport andCommunication Official Ministry of Transport and Communication of finland. http://www.travel-directory.org/Destinations/Europe/Finland/Government/

TRAVEL-HOME ADD A LINK MODIFY A LINK NEW LINKS ... LOGIN Looking for something in particular? the entire directory only this category More search options Home Destinations Europe ... Finland : Government CATEGORIES: Embassies and Consulates Law Military LINKS: Financial Supervision Authority Supervises about five hundred entities, including banks, brokerage firms, stock and derivatives exchanges, and management companies for mutual funds. Operates in connection with the Bank of Finland but is an independent decision making body. http://www.rata.bof.fi/ Rate It Review It Details Institute of Migration General information about international and internal migration. Immigration and emigration statistics. Articles on Finnish migration during the years. http://www.utu.fi/erill/instmigr/index_e.htm Rate It Review It Details Kela: The Social Insurance Institution Social security in Finland. http://www.kela.fi/english/index.html Rate It Review It Details Ministry for Foreign Affairs Official Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland site. http://formin.finland.fi/english/

80. I*M Europe Legal Issues - LABNews 11 - 12 98 11.1. finland government releases guidelines concerning the national cryptographypolicy and statements on the use of cryptographic products. http://europa.eu.int/ISPO/legal/en/news/9812/chapter11.html

You are here: I*M Europe I*M Legal Issues News News News What's New? Quick Links What's New? Legal Conference Events Calls Main Sections Internet Action Plan LAB (Legal Advisory Board) Policy Library EIIA's legal guide Who's Who? Legal Links Access to Public Information Audiovisual Policy Bonn Conference Competition ... Who's Who in the Legal Sector Mirror Site 11. Legal aspects of security and encryption 11.1. Finland - Government releases guidelines concerning the national cryptography policy and statements on the use of cryptographic products On 12 October 1998, the Finnish Government released a series of guidelines expressing their position on national cryptography policy. According to the guidelines, free trade of encryption products is supported, and use of strong encryption should be not restricted by law or by international agreements. The Finnish Government also takes the position that licensing systems for the provision of cryptography and safe certification services have to be created by simple legislation, based on voluntary action. In addition, saving the secret keys used in encryption for use by the authorities will not be made mandatory by law and mandatory key escrow will not be enacted. Under the guidelines the Finnish Government also mandates the Council of State to define and create the user identification solutions and certification services needed by the administration.

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