21. Howstuffworks "How DNA Evidence Works" Introduction to the steps in DNA fingerprinting evidence gathering for law enforcement, and its application from Howstuffworks Inc., Raleigh, NC. http://www.howstuffworks.com/dna-evidence.htm

ComputerStuff AutoStuff ElectronicsStuff ScienceStuff ... PeopleStuff Top Subjects Car Engines Lock Picking Nuclear Bombs Tattoos ... Gas Turbine Engines Sponsored By: Categories Earth Science Engineering Life Science Military ... Browse the Science Library Explore Stuff Lidrock.com Big List of Articles Get the Newsletter Shop or Compare Prices ... Search HSW and the Web Search Google Main Science Life Science How DNA Evidence Works by Ann Meeker-O'Connell Table of Contents Introduction to How DNA Evidence Works Matching DNA Creating a DNA Profile: The Basics Creating a DNA Profile: Step by Step Crunching Numbers Advances in DNA Evidence Using DNA Evidence Lots More Information Courtesy Genelex The public has always been captivated by the drama that occurs in the courtroom. There is even a whole channel, CourtTV, devoted to showing real court cases as they wend their way through the legal system. TV shows and movies depict passionate attorneys sparring verbally as they fight to convict or acquit the accused. However, the most tense moments of a criminal trial are likely those that go unseen: the jury deliberations. After both sides present their evidence and argue their cases, a panel of jurors must weigh what they have heard and decide whether or not the accused person is guilty as charged. This can be difficult. The evidence presented is not always clear-cut, and sometimes jurors must decide based on what a witness says they saw or heard. Physical evidence can be limited to strands of hair or pieces of fabric that the prosecution must somehow link conclusively to the defendant.

22. Fingerprinting Merit Badge fingerprinting. Merit Badge Requirements of the. Requirements. fingerprinting Information. fingerprinting Links. Why you still need the Real Thing. About this site. fingerprinting Merit Badge Requirements updated 2004) 1. Give a short history of fingerprinting. Tell the difference between civil and criminal identification http://www.onin.com/fp/fpmeritbdg.html

Fingerprinting Merit Badge Requirements of the Boy Scouts of America Requirements Fingerprinting Information Fingerprinting Links Why you still need the Real Thing ... About this site Fingerprinting Merit Badge Requirements (updated 2004) 1. Give a short history of fingerprinting . Tell the difference between civil and criminal identificatio n 2. Explain the difference between the automated fingerprint identification systems (AFIS) now used by some law enforcement agencies and the biometric fingerprint systems used to control access to places like buildings, airports, and computer rooms. 3. Do the following: a. Name the surfaces of the body where friction or papillary ridges are found. b. Name the two basic principles supporting the science of fingerprints and give a brief explanation of each principle. c. Explain what it takes to positively identify a person using fingerprints. 4. Take a clear set of prints using ONE of the following methods. a. Make both rolled and plain impressions . Make these on an 8-by-8-inch fingerprint identification card, available from your local police department or your counselor. b. Using

23. Brain Fingerprinting - Home Brain fingerprinting Laboratories Moves Headquarters and R D to Seattle. Infallible. witness. Summary Information. Brain fingerprinting Technology Gets Big Break . http://www.brainwavescience.com/HomePage.php

Home Counterterrorism Criminal Justice Medical Advertising ... Senator Charles Grassley "It seems to me that if we are interested in making sure that the innocent go free, and that the guilty are punished, any technological instrument that can help us make a determination of guilt or innocence, we ought to know about it." Dr. Drew Richardson, the former Chief of the FBI’s counterterrorism unit, has joined Brain Fingerprinting Laboratories as Vice President of Forensic Operations

24. Brain Fingerprinting - Ruled Admissable Brain fingerprinting Testing Ruled Admissible in Court. The Brain fingerprinting system tests for knowledge of salient features of a crime stored in the brain. http://www.brainwavescience.com/Ruled Admissable.php

Home Counterterrorism Criminal Justice Medical ... Contact Us Brain Fingerprinting Testing Ruled Admissible in Court On March 5, 2001 Pottawattamie County, Iowa District Court Judge Tim O'Grady ruled that Brain Fingerprinting testing is admissible in court. Dr. Farwell conducted a Brain Fingerprinting test on Terry Harrington, who is serving a life sentence in Iowa for a 1977 murder. The test showed that the record stored in Harrington's brain did not match the crime scene and did match the alibi. Harrington filed a petition for a new trial based on newly discovered evidence, including the Brain Fingerprinting test. On February 26, 2003 the Iowa Supreme Court reversed his murder conviction and ordered a new trial. The Iowa Supreme Court left undisturbed the law of the case establishing the admissibility of the Brain Fingerprinting evidence. In a Brain Fingerprinting test, words, pictures or sounds describing salient features of a crime are presented by a computer, along with other, irrelevant information, that would be equally plausible for an innocent subject. Items are chosen that would be known only to the perpetrator and to investigators, but not to the public or to an innocent suspect. The subject is told which features he will see (e.g., the murder weapon), but is not told which item is correct (e. g, gun, knife, or baseball bat). When a subject recognizes something as significant in the current context, the brain emits a specific brain response. If the record of the crime is stored in the subject's brain, this response appears when the subject recognizes the correct, relevant items. If not, then the response is absent. A computerized mathematical analysis of the data determines whether or not the subject has knowledge of the salient details of the crime.

25. The McGruff Safe Kids Total Identification System Of Central Louisiana - Home Pa Offers an electronic/digital fingerprinting child identification program that features fingerprints and digital photographs to educate children and their families on crime prevention, general safety issues and child abduction. http://www.cenla.mcgruff-safe-kids.com

We are the leading, most comprehensive child safety/identification and education program available in the United States. This is a licensed service of the National Crime Prevention Council. The McGruff Safe Kids Total Identification System of Central Louisiana National recognition and reputation, locally owned. Our animation below demonstrates the process and shows what each participating child will receive in their McGruff Safe Kids Identification consumer package. Optional: The McGruff Crime Prevention Theater Every child in the school system, whether or not they participate in the McGruff® Safe Kids Total Identification System program, may have the opportunity to view up to three McGruff® the Crime Dog video tapes. The crime prevention theatre consists of these three videos: The McGruff® Safe Kids Total Identification System is a high-tech expansion of the highly successful McGruff® Safe Kids Identification Kit program, which has been in effect for the past nine years.

26. DNALC: DNA Fingerprinting DNA fingerprinting. Note you must have the Shockwave Plugin to view this page s animations in your web browser. DNA fingerprinting via Southern Blotting, PLAY. http://www.dnalc.org/resources/aboutdnafingerprinting.html

Gene Almanac Resources Features DNA Fingerprinting DNA Fingerprinting DNA Fingerprints, RFLPs, Slot Blots these are all variants of the poweful new technology that has revolutionized forensic science: DNA testing. From identifying the remains of American soldiers, to deciding paternity cases, to elminating and often convicting criminal suspects, DNA testing has become a powerful new weapon in the lawyer's arsenal. First developed in England in 1985, DNA testing takes advantage of the fact that, with the exception of identical twins, the genetic material DNA of each person is unique. When the National Research Council said in a 1992 study that DNA testing was a reliable method to identify criminal suspects, the technology rapidly entered the mainstream court system. Today, it is hard to pick up a daily paper and not find an article reporting on the use of DNA testing in a civil or criminal court case. The two animated tutorials below review the science and applications of DNA testing. To view each, simply click on the tutorial's link, and a new window will open on your screen. When you are finished with the tutorial, close your window and return here, where you can access the additional Internet resources listed below. Animations Note: you must have the Shockwave Plug-in to view this page's animations in your web browser.

27. DNALC: DNA Fingerprinting Via Southern Blotting Location Gene Almanac Resources Features About DNA fingerprinting DNA fingerprinting via Southern Blotting. DNA Science DNAFTB CD http://www.dnalc.org/shockwave/southernblotting.html

Gene Almanac Resources Features About DNA Fingerprinting DNA Fingerprinting via Southern Blotting

28. A-24 Hour Mobile Notary, Fingerprinting, Loan Signing, Legal Support Services An Referral service for notary, fingerprinting, and loan signing services in California and Florida. http://www.a24hournotary.com/

A-24 HOUR Mobile Notary and Fingerprinting Notary Public Fingerprinting Loan Signing Contact Us Are you a Fingerprinter, Loan Signer, or Notary? Go Here to Join/ Get Supplies , The only number that you can call and make an appointment for a Mobile Notary, Fingerprinter, and/or Loan Signer in about an hour, anytime of the day or night. Don't let those notary directory web sites fool you. Most only have a few notaries listed per state! Then you have to call around and try to find one that is willing to go out on an appointment. Why not just make one call to our 24-hour service and set the appointment. You don't pay any extra for the convenience. notary@a24hournotary.com www.a24hournotary.com Design David Chapman drchap@hotmail.com

29. Maine Educators Against Fingerprinting (MEAF) News and information concerning the new law that requires all teachers or those people associated with schools to be fingerprinted. http://www.slipperyslope.org/

Maine Educators Against Fingerprinting (MEAF) The slippery slope is that danger zone where the slide toward the complete erosion of personal liberties accelerates, carried forward by the accumulated weight of established official invasions and intrusions. The point soon comes where even protesting against Big Brother is forbidden. How far are we from that point now? PRINTS OF DARKNESS: THE RISE OF THE DIGITAL POLICE STATE A book on the fingerprint law by Bernard Huebner Bernie writes: Prints is the history ... of the entire school fingerprinting episode in Maine. It covers everything from the law's inception way back in 1995 up through Governor's Baldacci's turncoat veto of the Legislature's third bill in four years attempting to change the law. It also includes the missing data that we all sought, except it is not from Maine, but from Missouri, a state with a similar law but no restriction on release of the results of their background checks. The folks in the Legal Office of Missouri's Education Department were gracious enough to review all their results from 1998-2003 for me and answer the crucial question we kept asking: how many school employees were discovered to have prior out-of-state convictions for sexual abuse of a child? I won't spoil it for you, but it's a shocker; it's in the Epilogue, fittingly. Download a free copy here as a PDF file (1.9 megabytes)

30. Obst 4 2000 Ergebnisse der LVWO Weinsberg zur Sortenidentifizierung mit Hilfe von RAPD/PCRMethodik. http://www.landwirtschaft-mlr.baden-wuerttemberg.de/la/lvwo/Jahresbericht/obst42

III Abteilung Wein- und Obstbau 4.5 DNA-Fingerprinting an Obstsorten Bislang erfolgt der Sortennachweis bei Kern- und Steinobstsorten anhand phänologischer und morphologischer Merkmale. Da insbesondere die Frucht für die Charakterisierung einer Sorte wichtig ist, kann eine pomologische Bewertung meist nicht vor dem vierten Standjahr erfolgen. Die Verwendung von genetischen Fingerabdrücken mittels RAPD-PCR (random amplified polymorphic DNA-Polymerase-Kettenreaktion) kann unabhängig vom Entwicklungszustand des Baumes durchgeführt werden, da bereits ein einzelnes Blatt für eine Analyse ausreicht. Ziel des Projektes ist es, parallel zur phänologischen Bestimmung einer Sorte entsprechende sortentypische RAPD-Marker festzulegen und eine leicht reproduzierbare RAPD-PCR-Methode zu etablieren. von Blattproben Im Juni 2000 wurden Blattproben von 27 Birnensorten, neun Pfirsichsorten, 50 Zwetschensorten und 50 Apfelsorten in Karlsruhe/Augustenberg aus dem ehemaligen Sortenkontrollgarten gesammelt. Blattproben von weiteren 36 Apfelsorten beziehungsweise Mutanten wurden auf dem Obstversuchsgut Heuchlingen genommen. Zur langfristigen Lagerung wurden die Blätter gefriergetrocknet und dann bei -20°C gelagert.

31. Innovation - Life, Inspired . Brain Fingerprinting | PBS Brain fingerprinting is a new forensic technology that is making its way into our judicial system. http://www.pbs.org/neighborhoods/science/feature/redir/wnet/innovation/episode8.

Focusing on "Brain Fingerprinting," a new forensic technology that is making its way into our judicial system, this episode of INNOVATION takes viewers onto Oklahoma's death row, where convicted murderer Jimmie Ray Slaughter is awaiting execution. In a last-ditch attempt to get the case back into court, Slaughter's attorneys have called upon Dr. Lawrence Farwell, the neuroscientist who developed this controversial new technology. Find out more about this episode or get the video Crime Solving Science How today's forensics specialists use technology Forensic science dates back to the 19th century, when fingerprinting and bullet analysis were used as crime-solving techniques. By 1910, French scientist Edmund Locard established the first police crime lab in Paris. Nearly one hundred years later, as the role of technology in society continues to expand, judges and juries are increasingly asked to evaluate testimony from forensic science and technology experts. At left, Oklahoma death row inmate Jimmie Ray Slaughter undergoes "brain fingerprinting." Neuroscientist Lawrence A. Farwell, Ph.D. and series producer Jared Lipworth discuss the documentary.

32. AUSAN Mobile Fingerprinting And Training Service Serving the Austin and San Antonio areas. http://pages.prodigy.net/tdlrj/

AUSAN Mobile Fingerprinting and Training Service DON'T TRUST YOUR BUSINESS TO JUST ANYONE FEEL SECURE IN KNOWING YOU'VE HIRED THE BEST! AUSAN is your connection to quality Mobile Fingerprinters who are available for being independently contracted within the Central Texas Area. All Fingerprinters are highly skilled professionals that have been trained by the Texas Department of Public Safety or other police agencies. Most Fingerprinters are currently employed at police agencies as Fingerprint Technicians, and understand the quality standards of the FBI and the Texas Department of Public Safety. If a card is ever rejected because of print quality, we will reprint the card free of charge. MOBILE FEE $25.00 within Austin or San Antonio area, $1.00 more for each mile beyond boundaries. FINGERPRINTING FEE $7.00 for individual's first card, and $3.00 for each additional card. All cards will be guaranteed against rejection. Discounts for jobs with one hundred people or more are available. Special I.D. card rates for children under 12 years of age. FINGERPRINT TRAINING FEE FINGERPRINT TRAINING Cost is to be negotiated between the Company and individual Trainer.

33. DNA Fingerprinting In Human Health And Society DNA fingerprinting in Human Health and Society. DNA fingerprinting is a very quick way to compare the DNA sequences of any two living organisms. http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/BA/DNA_Fingerprinting_Basics.html

DNA Fingerprinting in Human Health and Society Written by David F. Betsch, Ph.D., Biotechnology Training Programs, Inc. Edited by Glenda D. Webber, Iowa State University Office of Biotechnology. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture and Cooperative Extension Services of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. June, 1994 Like the fingerprints that came into use by detectives and police labs during the 1930s, each person has a unique DNA fingerprint. Unlike a conventional fingerprint that occurs only on the fingertips and can be altered by surgery, a DNA fingerprint is the same for every cell, tissue, and organ of a person. It cannot be altered by any known treatment. Consequently, DNA fingerprinting is rapidly becoming the primary method for identifying and distinguishing among individual human beings. An additional application of DNA fingerprint technology is the diagnosis of inherited disorders in adults, children, and unborn babies. The technology is so powerful that, for example, even the blood-stained clothing of Abraham Lincoln could be analyzed for evidence of a genetic disorder called Marfan's Syndrome.

34. DNA Fingerprinting For High School Biology DNA fingerprinting for High School Biology. Laboratory Instruction DNA fingerprinting for High School Biology (per pair, two pairs per table) http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/AEF/1996/myers_dna.html

DNA Fingerprinting for High School Biology By Richard Myers Type of entry: lesson/class activity Type of activity: hands-on Target audience: Biology Genetics, Biotechnology Abstract of Activity In this laboratory investigation students work with several of the tools and techniques used in genetic engineering. Students are provided with an unknown sample of DNA. The students dissect this sample into fragments of DNA using restriction enzymes, sometimes called "molecular scissors". They then sort these fragments, measure and analyze them according to size. The students then identify and match their unknown DNA sample with known samples. (The matching of unknown samples of DNA with known samples is often referred to as "DNA fingerprinting" and is an important tool used in police work). This laboratory activity is performed in a high school general biology laboratory with class periods of 50 minutes. The unit takes about 7 to 10 days. Materials needed to perform this laboratory activity are available commercially. Background information Notes to teachers: This is a laboratory activity I use in my high school general biology program. The class is made up of students in grades 9 through 12 and the class period is 50 minutes.

35. Saudis May Impose Fingerprinting On Americans Seeking Visas CNN http://cnn.com/2002/WORLD/meast/10/07/saudi.us.ap/index.html

36. Skeptic News | Brain Fingerprinting Comments on 'Brain Fingerprints' as Defense? article and 60 Minutes coverage on 21 December 2000. http://www.skepticnews.com/articles/00/12/07/2354201.shtml

Skeptic News Skeptic Planet Skeptic News Recent Comments Submit Story HELP! About ... Early Archives Related Sites Skeptic News Skeptic Planet Skeptic Ring Join Skeptic News Announcements, an extremely low-volume mailing list. Online since July 26, 1998 Brain Fingerprinting posted by Wally Hartshorn on Thursday December 07, @06:50PM from the truth-or-dare dept. artointc pointed us to 'Brai n fingerprints' as Defense? , an article about a high-tech polygraph used recently in a murder trial. Here's an excerpt: It's the first time someone has tried to enter into evidence the results of a test created by an Iowa psychiatrist, Dr. Lawrence Farwell. Farwell, who calls his technology "brain fingerprinting," claims that it can detect memories stored in the human brain even if the subject doesn't want to recall them. A hearing this week at the Pottawattamie County Courthouse in Council Bluffs, Iowa, will be the first legal test for the technology. Prosecutors are fighting the attempt to enter new evidence in a 1978 murder conviction, including the results of a brain fingerprinting test. (This item was actually submitted back on November 16, but I've fallen a bit behind on reviewing submissions due to the Thanksgiving holiday, among other things. Hopefully we'll be caught up soon!)

37. Passive Fingerprinting Know Your Enemy Passive fingerprinting Identifying remote hosts, without them knowing Passive fingerprinting can be used for several other purposes. http://project.honeynet.org/papers/finger/

Know Your Enemy: Passive Fingerprinting Identifying remote hosts, without them knowing Honeynet Project http://project.honeynet.org Last Modified: 04 March, 2002 One of the challenges of network security is learning about the bad guys. To understand your threats and better protect against them, you have to Know Your Enemy . Passive Fingerprinting is a method to learn more about the enemy, without them knowing it. Specifically, you can determine the operating system and other characteristics of the remote host using nothing more then sniffer traces. Though not 100% accurate, you can get surprisingly good results. The subterrain crew has developed siphon , a passive network and system mapping and OS fingerprinting tool. Also, Michael Zalewski (Poland's finest) and Bill Stearns are maintaining . Both of these tools demonstrate the functionality we are about to discuss. Fingerprinting Traditionally, Operating System fingerprinting has been done using active tools, such as queso or nmap. These tools operate on the principle that every operating system's IP stack has its own idiosyncrasies. Specifically, each operating system responds differently to a variety of malformed packets. All one has to do is build a database on how different operating systems respond to different packets. Then, to determine the operating system of a remote host, send it a variety of malformed packets, determine how it responds, then compare these responses to a database. Fyodor's nmap is tool of choice when using this methodology. He has also written a

38. CNN.com - Food Central - Genetic Fingerprinting Finds Unexpected Sources Of Food CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/FOOD/news/10/23/fingerprinting.germs.ap/index.html

news Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web FOOD TOP STORIES A low-fat standby Yogurt: Got culture? Super shrimp for a Super Bowl barbecue Ask the baker: About pies, bread and chocolate ... MORE TOP STORIES More than 1,700 killed in India quake; fear of aftershocks spreads U.S. stocks mixed After respite, California power supply close to running on empty Ashcroft supporters combat accusations of discrimination ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Recipes Daily Cookbook reviews Recipe Swap Resource Additives Alcohol Beer Beverages Coffee Dairy Fat Fruit Grains Herbs Italian Key Ingredient Meat Organic Seafood Snacks Southern Sweets Tea Veggies Vitamins Restaurant Atlanta Baltimore Boston Chicago Dallas Denver Detroit Fort Worth Houston Las Vegas Los Angeles Miami Minneapolis New Orleans NYC Orlando Philly Phoenix Pittsburgh Salt Lake San Antonio San Diego San Fran Seattle St. Louis

39. FDA Approves Genetic Fingerprinting Testing Of Blood Supply CNN http://cnn.com/2002/HEALTH/02/28/blood.safety.ap/index.html

40. Forensic-Evidence.com/Behavioral Evidence:Brain Fingerprinting Fails First Court Evidence is admitted, but fails to convince. http://www.forensic-evidence.com/site/Behv_Evid/brainfp_Iowa.html

We have discussed elsewhere the proposed evidential use of brain fingerprinting, and as specifically applied to the Terry Harrington case. See, "Brain Fingerprinting" - Is It A Reliable Tool? , and "Brain Fingerprinting" - Is It A Reliable Tool? Addendum Harrington, 41, is currently serving a life sentence in Iowa for the 1977 Council Bluffs, Iowa, murder of a retired police captain. At the 1978 trial, the prosecution maintained that the captain was killed while moonlighting as a security guard at an automobile dealership and that the crime occurred during a car theft that involved Harrington and two other teens. In a post-conviction proceeding, Harrington's lawyer had sought a new trial on the ground of newly discovered evidence. That evidence included information that witnesses had recanted their testimony, that police had failed to disclose to the defense evidence there had been another suspect, and the testimony by Dr. Lawrence Farwell to the effect that Harrington, when tested by the brain fingerprinting technology, had no memories of the car theft or the slaying of the police captain, and that his brain would have contained relevant information if he had been guilty. The case and its brain fingerprinting aspect which allegedly exonerated Harrington, has received national publicity in a story on "60 Minutes" and by being the subject of a Discovery Channel program. The key witness in the prosecution's case in 1978 was a 16-year-old who claimed to have been riding with Harrington when they went to steal a car. The witness, who is now 39, has since recanted that testimony stating that he only incriminated Harrington because he was told that, if he failed to testify against the accused, he would be charged with the murder himself.

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