41. Fencing History fencing Club s. A fencing history. 1902 The Army and Navy catalogue, sports section. fencing equipement. 1912 The olympic Committee revert to the old target. http://www.saxonfc.fsnet.co.uk/history.htm

Saxon Fencing Club's A Fencing History return to site guide please scroll down: left to right: a 1960's Italian foil, a 1790 English small sword, and a modern French foil. it appears that Philibert de la Touche (a very appropriate name for a fencer!) first mentions the use of foils at the court of Louis XIV in his "Les Vrays Principes de l'Espée Seule" They were notable for their elaborate crown-shaped guards. Traditionally it is considered that they were introduced as a safe alternative for learning swordplay. However, practice smallswords and rapiers were being made for that purpose. Some modern opinions suggest that it is more likely that foil was developed purely as a game, right from the start, to entertain as well as show swordplay skills. Monsieur Labat confirms these rules in his "L'Art En Fait d'Armes" Most of these would be instantly recognisable to the modern fencer. The target area then being defined as between collar and belt (For those pulling their belts right up, they had to be a full foot below the chin!) Sir William Hope describes the rules in his "A New, Short, and Easy Method of Fencing"

42. History Of The Fencing Profession The history of the fencing Profession. fencing is one of the original olympic sports, and continues this uninterrupted tradition into the start of the 21st http://www.fencingonline.com/academy/history.htm

The Fencing Academy l’Académie d’Armes Australian Academy of Fencing Académie d’Armes Internationale Shop Fentec Swashbucklers' About the Academy ... Home The History of the Fencing Profession Henry the 8th granted Letters Patent to the London Masters of Defense, giving them a virtual monopoly on the teaching of fencing. The Master-of-Armes had developed a special place in society. He could teach his art and was regarded as an authority in matters of honour. Fencing at this time encompassed not only the scientific principles in the use of the sword but also the essential qualities of a gentleman's' education. The Master-of-Armes was one of the original educators to the aristocratic class, he had become a teacher of physical exercise, good manners and gentlemanly etiquette. All considered essential qualities of a good education. The profession progressively grew reaching a peak somewhere between the end of the 18th and start of the 19th centuries. The fact that fencing was around, practiced at all the exclusive universities and popular at the start of a changing attitude towards sport, made it an obvious inclusion in World Events, Expositions and Games of the time. Fencing is one of the original Olympic sports, and continues this uninterrupted tradition into the start of the 21st century with the Sydney 2000 Olympics.

43. A Short History Of Ancient Fencing However, there is an interesting document in an ancient history describing how in Eventually, the practice of fencing was included in the olympic Games http://home.lynx.net/bactau/ancient.htm

A Short History of Ancient Fencing next Modern fencing.............. The word "Escrime" is used to signify the art of "Touching without being touched". It seems that the word "Carma" coming from Sanskrit meaning fencing. An old French word "Escremie" or "Eskermie" is also used to specify the meaning of "Escrime" or fencing. Since the origin of humankind, people have tried to compensate for their physical weakness by inventing weapons to defend themselves against animals and other human beings, or to conquer them. The first weapons were made from wood, stone and then metal. Weapons have been developed and evolved to follow patterns reflecting their value in the social, artistic and technological aspects of various cultures. Weapons have been used to settle personal disputes, battles between small tribes and between nations. Eventually, the use of weapons led to man trying to develop perfect methods of combat. People wanted to be able to maximize their most effective strengths and skills. For all people, learning how to handle and control a weapon immediately led to an important subject: the art of fencing. Mention was made in sacred books, in ancient India, containing the principles of weapon exercises shown by the Brahmans, the first professionals who taught fencing lessons in public places. Later on, this science of fencing was strictly reserved for the warrior class

44. A Short History Of Modern Fencing For the 1996 olympic Games in Atlanta, women s épée has been added to the fencing program without increasing the total number of fencers in the competition. http://home.lynx.net/bactau/modern.htm

A Short History of Modern Fencing The foil The épé e The sabre ... International Fencing Federation Fencing has evolved over 800 years from a deadly combat to a complete sport. Speed of movement and the intricate strategy of ancient dueling are still very much a part of modern fencing. Since dueling was outlawed, fencing as a sport has grown more and more popular with both men and women. Women and men compete separately, with some fencers becoming proficient in two or all three weapons, while others specialize in only one. Coordination, speed, agility and self assurance are a few of the qualities this sport requires of its followers. Because of the necessity to analyze the opponent's game and to develop strategy, fencing is often described as an animated game of chess. With the development of new metal alloys, lighter and more manageable weapons have become possible. These place a premium on speed and coordination and give little if any advantage to sheer strength. When the French introduced a new type of fencing, it was neat, quiet, precise and more deadly than before. The essence of the action was nimbleness of wrist and fingers which required quickness rather than muscular vigor By fencing, we have come to mean not simply fighting for hits, but a strictly regulated game. Its traditions have been transmitted through generations and make fencing a truly educational sport. Despite the evolution of fencing from combat to sport, certain conventions have remained intact - judges do not distinguish between accidental and strategically thought out hits. Competitions are presently held in three weapons: Foil, Épée, and Sabre

45. Home foil and women s épée were included in the olympic Games in fencing, an ancient art, has become a modern sport The history of fencing, Part I Ancient fencing. http://www.fencingmaster.com/history/history.htm

A Brief History of Fencing The Art of Fencing The skilful use of a sword according to established rules and movements was practised by the ancient Egyptians, Persians, Greeks and Romans as well as the Chinese and the Japanese, not only in war but also in exercise and in entertainment. The development of fencing techniques and the history of the sword are interlinked. As new needs for the sword arise, the sword has to be modified accordingly. And as new models are made with new material and improved methods of construction, new techniques are devised. In the 16th century, with the increasing use of firearms on the battlefields, the role of the sword became limited to duelling. Duelling reached its peak in the high incidence of duels (mensur) in the German universities in the 19th century. It, however, saw a decline toward the end of the century and in time was banned altogether. As a result, fencing passed from the domain of the duel to that of sport. The three weapons used in the sport of fencing are the sabre, the épée and the foil. With the study and practice of swordsmanship with these weapons, fencing became an art. The prototype for the sabre as represented in an edged weapon with a curved blade and ornamental elements forming a partial knuckle guard had existed in Europe since classical antiquity. During the Middle Ages, varieties of broadswords designed principally for cutting were used throughout Europe. By the 16th and 17th centuries, the rapier replaced the broadsword as a side arm and emphasis shifted to the use of the point rather than the cut. However, mounted troops still required a cutting weapon and the sabre, based on eastern models, filled this need.

46. Kiat.net: Olympic Games Athens 1896 The revival of the ancient Olympics attracted athletes from 14 nations in the program between April 6 15 athletics, cycling, fencing, gymnastics, wrestling http://www.kiat.net/olympics/history/01athens.html

@import url(../../style/default.css); kiat.net where are you :: home Olympics History Athens 1896 1st MODERN GAMES Athens, GRE ATHENS, GREECE GAMES OF THE Ist OLYMPIAD April 6 - 15, 1896 Mascot - none 14 countries, 311 athletes - 230 Greek (no women) 9 sports, 43 events Opening - King George Ist of Greece Torch lit by - none Assigned during the 1st IOC Session 1894 Standing proud: Spyridon Louis, the first and symbolic marathon champion of the modern Olympic era. The modest shepherd was revered in Greece, and went on to feature as flag-bearer to the Greek delegation in 1936. THE RENAISSANCE OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES The rebirth of the Games The first Session of the IOC was held in Paris on 23-24 June 1894. It was during the first Session that the city of Athens was selected for the Games of the I Olympiad. The inauguration of the first Games of the modern era, opened by King George I at the foot of the Acropolis on April 5, 1896, was a huge relief for baron Pierre de Coubertin. Greece's instability and economic stature, due to numerous conflicts, proved almost insurmountable obstacles. However, a wealthy Greek architect from Alexandria, George Averoff, donated a gift of one million drachma and in a matter of 18 months a superb white marble stadium, able to hold 60,000 people, was constructed. Baron de Coubertin's dream of reinventing the Games was one he had coveted since 1892 - two years later the official announcement was made and Athens chosen as the site. Baron Pierre de Coubertin invited countries from all over the world to attend the first of the new Olympics in Athens.

47. Brunswick Fencing Club history of fencing. Training Times. Early olympic games featured events for Masters, and until recently fencing was the only olympic sport that has included http://member.melbpc.org.au/~nausten/history.htm

Brunswick Dragons Fencing Club History of Fencing Training Times Training is available for a range of fencing skill levels. Training Times are; Thursday Mailing List Click here and E-mail your details to find out more details about our club. Home StartFencing? History Club Events Trophy Room Links Sword fighting as sport has existed since ancient Egypt, and has been practiced in many forms in various cultures since then. Although jousting and tournament combat was a popular sport in the European middle ages, modern FIE fencing owes more to unarmoured dueling forms that evolved from 16th century rapier combat. Rapiers evolved from cut-and-thrust military swords, but were most popular amongst civilians who used it for self-defence and dueling. Rapiers were edged, but the primary means of attack was the thrust. Rapier fencing spread from Spain and Italy to northwest Europe, in spite of the objections of masters such as George Silver who preferred traditional cutting weapons such the English broad sword. The Spanish school, under masters such as Narvaez and Thibault, became a complicated and mystical affair whose geometrical theories required much practice to master. Italian masters like Agrippa and Capo Ferro developed a more pragmatic school in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, introducing innovations such as linear fencing and the lunge.

48. Fencing New Zealand - Home FIRST FEMALE FENCER MAKES olympic TEAM For the first time in history New Zealand will be represented in fencing at the olympic Games by a woman. http://www.fencing.org.nz/

Menu Home FeNZ Contacts News Submit news ... Contact us Login Login: Password: remember me Lost your password? Users Online There are: 0 registered users and 3 guests online now. Welcome To Fencing New Zealand THE RANKINGS ARE UPDATED TO ready for PNIFE and can be found here Also, check out the new and improved Jess Profile - coming soon for you too! As always feedback and bug reports can be submitted here Thanks Webmaster Live the Dream live with Jess at Athens Posted by admin more from same (Olympics) Sunday 15 August 10:00 - 14:40 Fencing Women's Individual Epee Eliminations Women's Individual Epee Quarterfinals Sunday 15 August 18:30 - 20:40 Fencing Women's Individual Epee Semifinals Women's Individual Epee Bronze and Gold/Silver Medal Match Women's Individual Epee Medal Ceremony All the Athens Olympic fencing is on from 14-18 August at the Helliniko Fencing Hall. NZOC Press Release - Jess Beer Confirmed For Olympics Posted by admin more from same (Olympics) FIRST FEMALE FENCER MAKES OLYMPIC TEAM For the first time in history New Zealand will be represented in Fencing at the Olympic Games by a woman. The New Zealand Olympic Committee in conjunction with Fencing New Zealand announced Auckland’s Jessica Beer in the Athens team.

49. History International olympic Committee (IOC) publications, olympic Review and sections covering news, Ashes history and statistics Association for Historical fencing. http://altis.ac.uk/browse/cabi/3cd15f8f2940aff879df34df4e5c2cd1.html

low graphics Any Resource Type Articles / papers / reports - collections Articles / papers / reports - individual Audio-visual / multimedia resources Books Database Event / conference announcements Journal - Contents and abstracts Journal - Full text Learning material Mailing list / discussion group News / media Organisation Web Site - Companies Organisation Web Site - FE/HE depts. Organisation Web Site - Governmental Organisation Web site - Recruitment/employment Organisation Web Site - Non-profit Organisation Web Site - Professional bodies Reference materials Research Projects / Centres Resource guide / directories Software Statistics Worksheets/Activity sheets Related topics: other: historic buildings historic sites historical records narrower: archaeology No. of records: 95 page: Aberglasney Gardens This is the home page for Aberglasney Gardens. It aims to show the restoration of the house and gardens and contains details of news, events, and visitors information. It also features information and photographs of individual areas of the garden along with a time line on the history of Aberglasney. heritage tourism history gardens Amateur Athletic Foundation of Los Angeles (AAFLA) This is the Web site of an organisation that aims to serve youth through sport and to increase the knowledge of sport and its impact on peoples' lives. The site provides information on the foundation, grant guidelines, access to AAF publications, research reports (described separately in Altis), newsletters, coaching manuals, press releases, and a section on sports art and artefacts. The site also has detailed sections covering International Games, Olympic Games, coaching education and youth sports programmes. The full text of Olympic Games official reports are available from 1896. These and other documents are available in PDF format and can be accessed using Adobe Acrobat software. Also available, is the AAFLA Virtual Archive, described separately in Altis.

50. Home = Sport Exercise = Sports History Olympika; olympic Research Symposium Proceedings; Journal of olympic history; Iron Game history; and Outing olympic games. Association for Historical fencing. http://altis.ac.uk/browse/126/151.html

low graphics Any Resource Type Articles / papers / reports - collections Articles / papers / reports - individual Audio-visual / multimedia resources Books Database Event / conference announcements Journal - Contents and abstracts Journal - Full text Learning material Mailing list / discussion group News / media Organisation Web Site - Companies Organisation Web Site - FE/HE depts. Organisation Web Site - Governmental Organisation Web site - Recruitment/employment Organisation Web Site - Non-profit Organisation Web Site - Professional bodies Reference materials Research Projects / Centres Resource guide / directories Software Statistics Worksheets/Activity sheets Home Sports history Sports history No. of records: 70 page: Amateur Athletic Foundation of Los Angeles : Virtual Archive libraries history Olympic games ... Ancient Olympic Games Virtual Museum An educational Web site aimed at teaching all about the ancient Olympic Games. This is a long standing popular site which users need to register to use. Topics covered include such subjects as the victors, contests, anecdotes, and sporting rules. Olympic games Association for Historical Fencing The US based Association For Historical Fencing exists to encourage and preserve the arts of classical and historical fencing. Their Web site provides details of its activities; full text articles; a newsletter, of which the latest issue is available to members only; and tournament rules covering the different types of sword used.

51. USC Fencing History one aspect of the team has remained the same throughout its history the dedication Carfagno, chosen to represent the US on the 1940 olympic fencing Team and http://www-scf.usc.edu/~fencing/History.htm

52. SPORTS FACTS - Fencing - Olympic Games - Epee Tony Hinchliffe s Sports Facts history fencing olympic Games Épée. HOME DIARY history LINKS fencing See Also. http://sportsfacts.net/history/fencing/olympics/olympic_games_fencing_epee.html

Tony Hinchliffe's Sports Facts History Fencing Olympic Games - Épée HOME DIARY HISTORY LINKS ... FENCING See Also MEN: Épée Foil Sabre Women On This Page Individual Épée Team Épée Top Tony Hinchliffe's Sports Facts Web Page by Stephen Harris 4u@sportsfacts.net URL: http://sportsfacts.net

53. SPORTS FACTS - Fencing - Olympic Games - Sabre Tony Hinchliffe s Sports Facts history fencing olympic Games Sabre. HOME DIARY history LINKS fencing See Also. http://sportsfacts.net/history/fencing/olympics/olympic_games_fencing_sabre.html

Tony Hinchliffe's Sports Facts History Fencing Olympic Games - Sabre HOME DIARY HISTORY LINKS ... FENCING See Also MEN: Épée Foil Sabre Women On This Page See Also Individual Sabre Team Sabre Top Tony Hinchliffe's Sports Facts Web Page by Stephen Harris 4u@sportsfacts.net URL: http://sportsfacts.net

54. UK Online - Official ISP Of The Olympics history. fencing is one of only four sports that have been on every modern olympic programme since 1896. The women s foil competition http://www.ukonline.net/olympics/?art=sportwatch&page=sportcode&sportid=10

55. The History Of Fencing of Prince Edward Island fencing Club Includes club history, events, mailing placement facility for this Massachusetts dealer of olympic fencing equipment. http://www.tatu.us/directory/the history of fencing

The History Of Fencing Results for the history of fencing The History Of Fencing" in Open Directory Categories (1-5 of 7) Sports: Fencing matches) Business: Agriculture and Forestry: Fencing Sports: Fencing: College and University: BUSA Sports: Fencing: Clubs: Canada Business: Construction and Maintenance: Materials and Supplies: Site Construction: Fences and Gates ... more... The History Of Fencing" in Open Directory Sites (1-20 of 1808) The Fencing Forum - This bulletin board site contains a range of forums related to fencing http://www.fencingforum.com/ Sports: Fencing Cameo Fencing - Highly visible horse fencing http://www.cameo- fencing .com/ Business: Agriculture and Forestry: Fencing Bath University Fencing Club - Lists members, meeting times and places, and upcoming social events, as well as related links. http://www.bath.ac.uk/~su4fc/ Sports: Fencing: College and University: BUSA University of Prince Edward Island ... Club - Includes club history , events, mailing list, links to other fencing sites. http://www.upei.ca/~ fencing Sports: Fencing: Clubs: Canada American Fence Association - National directory of fencing contractors. Information about contractors, locations, events and contact forms.

56. Brief History Of The Olympic Games Brief history of the olympic Games. World War II forced cancellation of the olympics in 1916 cycling, equestrian events (horseback riding), fencing, field hockey http://www.nostos.com/olympics/

Sydney Olympics - official site Your Comments Brief History of the Olympic Games Ancient Olympic Games Chronology of athletic events added to the Olympic Games Myths and the Olympic Games Pelops myth ... Athens for Olympic Games of 2004 Ancient Olympic Games The Olympic Games begun at Olympia in Greece in 776 BC. The Greek calendar was based on the Olympiad, the four-year period between games. The games were staged in the wooded valley of Olympia in Elis. Here the Greeks erected statues and built temples in a grove dedicated to Zeus, supreme among the gods. The greatest shrine was an ivory and gold statue of Zeus. Created by the sculptor Phidias, it was considered one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Scholars have speculated that the games in 776 BC were not the first games, but rather the first games held after they were organized into festivals held every four years as a result of a peace agreement between the city-states of Elis and Pisa. The Eleans traced the founding of the Olympic games to their King Iphitos, who was told by the Delphi Oracle to plant the olive tree from which the victors' wreaths were made. According to Hippias of Elis, who compiled a list of Olympic victors c.400 BC, at first the only Olympic event was a 200-yard dash, called a stadium. This was the only event until 724 BC, when a two-stadia race was added. Two years later the 24-stadia event began, and in 708 the pentathlon was added and wrestling became part of the games. This pentathlon, a five-event match consisted of running, wrestling, leaping, throwing the discus, and hurling the javelin. In time boxing, a chariot race, and other events were included.

57. History Notice how similar it is to the masks of today. At the start of the 20th century the olympic games finally accepted fencing as a sport. http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~aus015/History.htm

"The art of sword-fighting is a lot like chess. You have to think before you move." - Chinese Literature Fencing is one of the most unique sports in that every technique that is performed today has evolved from the philosophy and teachings of hundreds of people. The modern style of fencing is not just a sport but a mental game involving trickery and thinking as well as speed and grace. Although the 'modern' fencing style has only recently evolved, the first fencing bouts were held in ancient Egypt. Bizarrely these bouts mimicked ours in that were they fought with a foil-like weapon that had a protective guard over it's tip, involved face masks and had judges. These matches were held in honour of the victory of King Ramses III over the Libyans. Fencing was also popular with the Greeks who incorporated it in their Olympic games. This form of fencing was virtually unrecognisable from the modern form. It involved spears, swords, shields and armour and was (understandably) less graceful than the modern variant. The first blade to resemble our modern weapons originated in the Renaissance period of the 14th century. This was a period when gunpowder was being used more by the armed forces, so heavy armour became useless. The troops began to wear less and less armour to enable greater maneuverability. Thus a weapon that was quick and deadly was developed to fight with. This weapon was named the 'rapier' and was the grandfather of the epee. Despite the fact that the weapon resembled an epee, it was usually used with a small shield or dagger in one hand. Naturally the fencing techniques used with the rapier was very different from today's style.

58. History & Weapons.html A Little history The history of fencing is as old as mankind. fencing is an olympic Sport and has been in every modern Olympiad since its creation. http://www.mnsword.com/history_&_weapons.htm

A Brief History of Fencing A Little History The history of fencing is as old as mankind. When a clever opponent blocked the swing of a club, fencing was born. The evolution of fencing from the club to electric foil took many centuries. The most important changes took place at the end of the Renaissance when armor became useless for combat and a new method of battle developed that did not need brute strength, steel shorts or can openers. The legendary rapier was born. The art of rapier dueling was, as are many new things, met with criticism. The English fencing masters of the time were particularly offended. They felt that using the rapier was unmanly and referred to it as "frog-pricking" while mourning the "death of the cut". However results are hard to argue with, and as those proficient in the use of the rapier racked up an impressive number of quite permanent victories, gentlemen flocked to the fencing schools to learn the deadly secrets of the point. The rapier became a beautiful weapon, lovingly handcrafted, sharp of point and comparatively lightweight (only three to five pounds), but the length, normally just a little shorter then the person holding it, made movements slow and clumsy. The great expense of making high quality and frequently quite fancy rapiers led to the next important development in fencing. When a rapier broke the owner had a choice - buy a new and very expensive rapier or have the broken blade repointed. Repointing made the blade shorter, but saved much money. Duelists made an interesting observation; those who used shorter repointed rapiers tended to win. The short weapon was easier to handle, better balanced and allowed strategy to enter the game. With the shorter rapier, called a short sword, it was possible to step past the opponent's far reaching point, so that only ineffective cuts could be delivered. The fencer's shorter blade could then be used to puncture the unfortunate and soon to be deceased opponent. "Long live the thrust."

59. Olympic History For Sporting Families olympic history for Families. his brothers, also Finnish champions, but without olympic successes; the Bogen Gerevich family in fencing (474.75) Albert Bogen http://users.skynet.be/hermandw/olymp/family.html

Olympic History for Families The following are families of which more than one member have achieved Olympic successes (from the Full list) The Leahy Brothers, Irish athletes (28620) Con Leahy (IRL/ATH/1906-08) Patrick Leahy (IRL/ATH/1900-08) The Sheldon brothers, American athletes (25920) Richard Sheldon (USA/ATH/1900) Lewis Sheldon (USA/ATH/1900) the Abbagnales, Italian Rowers (982) Carmine Abbagnale Giuseppe Abbagnale , his brother, who shared the coxed pairs gold in 1988 and 1992, silver in 1996 (315) Agostino Abbagnale , another brother, gold at double fours in 1988, gold at double scull in 1996 and 2000 (352) the Joyners, American Athletic stars (900.5) Jackie Joyner-Kersee Al Joyner, her older brother, gold at triple jump in 1984 (96) Florence Griffith-Joyner , his wife (194) the Kelly-Costello family (822) Paul Costello , triple gold medallist at double scull (480) John Kelly, sen , his cousin, who shared two of those medals (256) John Kelly, jun, his son, bronze at skiff in 1956 (36) Bernard Paul Costello, Paul's son, silver at the same event in 1956 (50)

60. Olympic History - Sydney Olympic Park Pavilion – showcasing Australian indigenous history and culture; effects and the olympic Look, including banners, flags, fencing material and http://www.sydneyolympicpark.com.au/index.asp?DocID=2967&CatID=146

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