1. Summer Olympics 2000 Olympic History -- Fencing Message Board. Schedule Fan Guide history US Roster. olympic history fencing MEN, WOMEN. Individual épée. Individual épée. Team épée. Team épée. http://espn.go.com/oly/summer00/fencing/s/almanac.html

ESPN Keyword Search ESPN.com Search The Web ESPN Network: ESPN.com NFL.com NBA.com NASCAR ... U.S. Roster Olympic history Fencing MEN WOMEN Individual foil Individual foil Team foil Team foil ... Wrestling

2. International Institute For Sport And Olympic History Nonprofit educational corporation, 501c3, IISOH, Library, Museum, olympic Games, history of Sport, Physical Education, Wrestling, fencing, Gymnastics, Sports http://www.harveyabramsbooks.com/501c3donatefencing.html

HOW TO DONATE to the FENCING ENDOWMENT FENCING COLLECTION International Institute for Sport and Olympic History Library and Museum CASH DONATIONS: The IISOH is seeking $1 million (one million Dollars) from a benefactor in order to establish an endowment for the sport of FENCING. This is a naming opportunity for the benefactor to have a perpetual identification with the sport of FENCING . The endowment would be named by the benefactor with the approval of the IISOH Board of Directors. The endowment becomes a permanent trust fund invested by the Institute with only the quarterly earned interest being used for development of the FENCING collections in both the Library and Museum. Cash donations IN ANY AMOUNT are always welcome, too. For more details about the endowment program, please click here Endowment Program. NON-CASH DONATIONS: LIBRARY donations: Material in ANY language, including but not limited to English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Portugese, Flemish, Swedish, Finnish, Danish, Norwegian, Latin, Greek, Russian, Ukrainian, Serbo-Croatian, Hebrew, Arabic, Japanese, Chinese, Farsi, Sanskrit and dozens of others. The scope of the collection is international and comprehensive.

3. Olympics Accommodations & Hotels, Fencing - Hellinikon Olympic Sports Complex - August 2004 for fans of fencing olympic Events Venues Ancient olympics history - Modern olympics history - Modern Winter olympics - The olympic Ideal http://www.athenshousing.com/olympicgamesathens2004info/Olympic_Venues/Accommoda

Home Check Availability Browse Accommodations Buy Olympic Event Tickets ... Submit A Special Request (Please Click on picture for a Map of Olympic Athens) Athens Housing is your accommodations connection for hotels and private residence short-term rentals near the Hellinikon Olympic Complex in Athens in 2004. The Hellinikon Olympic Complex of Athens is located in the Athens suburb of Helliniko (or Hellinikon) and it is where all the fencing events are going to take place during the Athens 2004 Olympic Games. We, at Athens Housing, are making every effort to secure affordable hotel and private accommodations in Athens for August 2004 for fans of Fencing Olympic Events. Please feel free to browse through our our accommodations section to find something appropriate. If you see that there is no availability, please submit a form and one of our representatives will contact you as soon as possible to discuss private accommodations and hotel options for you. Athens 2004 Sport Events Tickets Olympic Games Events Schedule List of Olympic Sports - List of Olympic Venues - Ancient Olympics History - Modern Olympics History - Modern Winter Olympics - - Athens City Information - Guide to the Greek Islands The Sporades Islands The Ionian Islands (Eptanisa) The Dodecanese Islands ... Crete - Greece Sightseeing - Best of Greece - Greek History - Greek Boating - Foreign Embassies in Athens Foreign Consulates in Athens Athens 2004 Merchandise - Official Olympic Games Merchandise -

4. Fencing Online fencing fencing.Net is the premier online resource for training and competing in foil, epee, and sabre. Calendar history of fencing - Where did it start? games featured events for Masters, and until recently fencing was the only olympic sport that has included professionals http://www.fencing.net/intro2.html

Your online guide to the sport of fencing. Intro to Fencing Training Tips Fencing Sites Fencing FAQ ... Calendar History of Fencing - Where did it start? Swordfighting as sport has existed since ancient Egypt, and has been practiced in many forms in various cultures since then. Although jousting and tournament combat was a popular sport in the European middle ages, modern FIE fencing owes more to unarmoured dueling forms that evolved from 16th century rapier combat. Rapiers evolved from cut-and-thrust military swords, but were most popular amongst civilians who used it for self-defence and dueling. Rapiers were edged, but the primary means of attack was the thrust. Rapier fencing spread from Spain and Italy to northwest Europe, in spite of the objections of masters such as George Silver who preferred traditional cutting weapons such the English broad sword. The Spanish school, under masters such as Narvaez and Thibault, became a complicated and mystical affair whose geometrical theories required much practice to master. Italian masters like Agrippa and Capo Ferro developed a more pragmatic school in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, introducing innovations such as linear fencing and the lunge. By the 18th century, the rapier had evolved to a simpler, shorter, and lighter design that was popularized in France as the small sword. Although the small sword often had an edge, it was only to discourage the opponent from grabbing the blade, and the weapon was used exclusively for thrusting. The light weight made a more complex and defensive style possible, and the French masters developed a school based on defence with the sword, subtlety of movement, and complex attacks. When buttoned with a leather safety tip that resembled a flower bud, the small sword was known as le fleuret, and was identical in use to the modern foil (still known as le fleuret in French). Indeed, the French small sword school forms the basis of most of modern fencing theory.

5. HickokSports.com - History - Fencing This document contains a history of fencing, with a list of all olympic champions. It is a page in the history section of HickokSports http://www.hickoksports.com/history/fencing.shtml

Sports History Alpha Index Index by Sport History Bits Forum ... Search Fencing Table of Contents History Fencing in America Olympic Fencing Other Resources History Fencing originated as the practice of swordsmanship to prepare men for duels and warfare. A fencing match is depicted on an Egyptian temple that dates to about 1190 B.C. and the ancient Babylonians, Greeks, Persians, and Romans all had some form of fencing. The use of armor during the Middle Ages made swordsmanship virtually obsolete. The broadsword was used against armor, but only as a crude hacking device requiring sheer strength rather than skill. By making armor obsolete, the development of firearms ironically brought swordplay back into prominence during the 15th century. Soldiers once again had to acquire some skill with the sword, and fencing also emerged as a pastime for gentlemen. Fencing masters organized guilds, which taught various moves to initiates while protecting them as trade secrets from outsiders. The swords of that period were rather heavy, and cutting the opponent with the edge was emphasized. Further, since the sword was frequently a weapon of defense against thieves, tactics included wrestling holds and tricks designed to disarm or immobilize the opponent to set him up for the killing blow. Fencing as an exercise based on speed and skill began when the longer, lighter rapier was developed in Italy during the 16th century. Because of the rapier's length, opponents had to fight at a distance and quick but controlled lunges, attacking the enemy with the point of the sword, replaced cruder hacking techniques. But the rapier wasn't a good defensive weapon, so the fencer often had to use his gauntleted left hand to parry his opponent's thrusts.

6. Harvey Abrams Books Bookdealer, olympic historian, researcher, writer, consultant specializing in the olympic Games, history of Sport, Physical Education, Wrestling, fencing, Gymnastics, Sports Athletics, World's http://www.harveyabramsbooks.com/fencing.html

FENCING BOOKS This page lists fencing books for sale. My html is rusty and the French accents are appearing in strange fonts until I get it right! Pardon moi, si vous plais. DUELLING books are on a different page - click here. Today is July 18, 2002 Prices are net in US Dollars. Postage, packing, insurance are extra. Each item below has two (2) numbers, the first is the lot number from my CATALOG #14, the second number is my inventory accession number. You may use either or both numbers when you order. 14/699. 1896 [Lot]. (Two booklets) Miniatur-Bibliothek; Das Fechten. Leipzig: Verlag fŸr kunst und Wissenschaft Albert Otto Paul, nd. 40 pp. plus 16 pp. ads. Drawings. illustrated paper covers. VG+. $ 25.00 14/700. 1897 Miguel A. de Capriles (1957, 1974), Jose R. de Capriles(1965), C. L. de Beaumont(1968, 1970). [Lot]. Seven (7) books. Fencing Rules and Manual ( changing to Fencing Rules, then to Fencing Rules and Operations Manual, then to Fencing Rules for Competitions). Editions of 1957, 1965, 1968, 1970, 1974 with supplements from 1976 and 1979. Paper covers. VG+ to Exc. $ 30.00 2497 Major General J.F.C. Fuller, C.B., C.B.E., D.S.O. Armament and History. A Study of the Influence of Armament on History from the Dawn of Classical Warfare to the Second World War. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1945. 207 pp. A. Green cloth covers, gilt titles on spine. DJ. Near mint. DJ frayed, tape on spine. $ 25.00.

7. HickokSports.com - History - Olympic Fencing Medalists This document lists all olympic fencing medalists. It is a page in the history section of HickokSports.com, the largest collection of sports information on the http://www.hickoksports.com/history/olfencing.shtml

Sports History Alpha Index Index by Sport History Bits Forum ... Search Olympic Fencing Medalists Table of Contents History Men's Foil Men's Team Foil Men's Sabre ... Women's Team Foil Discontinued Events Masters Foil Masters Sabre Sabre - Three Hits Single Sticks ... Other Resources History Fencing is one of only four sports that have been in every Olympics since 1896. The men's foil and men's sabre were on the program that year. They are among just 15 events that have been on every modern Olympic program. (Twelve of the others are track and field events. The fifteenth is the men's 1500-meter freestyle swim.) There was also a masters foil competition in 1896, for fencing instructors, who were considered professionals. The epee was added in 1900, along with masters competition in both epee and sabre. Masters events were discontinued after 1906. Since then, team championships have been added for all three weapons. The first women's event was the foil, added in 1924. The women's epee became an Olympic event in 1996. Through 1980, fencers took part in round robin competition and results were based on the won-lost records. In 1984, a single-elimination tournament replaced the round robin. Top of page History Biography Glossaries Calendar Quotations ... Directory Men's Foil Year Gold Final Silver Bronze Henri Callot, FRA

8. Fencing.Net - Fencing News, Training And More Home Complete Guide to the Sport of fencing. olympic fencing News, Training Tips, Chat, and Community Features. , of Nationals, the United Stated fencing Association announces the nomination of the both US and olympic history, while trying to capture the first American fencing medal in twenty http://www.fencing101.com/

Wednesday, 09 June 2004 Main Menu Home News About Fencing Tournament Results ... Contact Us Latest News Collegiate Fencing Fencing star looks to soar at Air Force En Guarde: DeAnza College Northwestern Announces Two Signings Buckeyes win NCAA Title ... Notre Dame leads in NCAA Championships Fencing.Net Site News Forums Unavailable Fencing.Net Site Relaunch Fencing.Net now running Mambo! Olympic Updates Road to Athens: Zagunis makes 3 for US Women's Sabre! Men's Sabre: Egypt out, Germany in Final Olympic Qualifications Africa Zonal Qualifiers ... Tunisia to send 5 to Athens US Fencing News Jacobson wins Orleans World Cup Tiger Mountain Photo’s Timacheff to Photograph Olympic Fencing Columbia, Commodore 64 prep fencer for Games Fencing on the Radio ... Keeth Smart profiled in ESPN: The Magazine World Fencing News FIE News Briefs: June 1 2004 World Cup Report:May 2004 Men's Epee Sherraine MacKay climbs podium at World Cup in Italy China bags 10 golds in Asian fencing championships ... Juniors from China dominate men’s saber Sections About Fencing FAQ's News Tournament Results ... Training Tips and Drills Archive Syndicate Get the latest news direct to your desktop Home Welcome to Fencing.Net!

9. Olympic Games Books, Olympic Posters, Olympic & Sports Collectables - Harvey Abr olympic historian, researcher, writer, consultant specializing in the olympic Games, history of Sport, Physical Education, Wrestling, fencing, Sports http://www.harveyabramsbooks.com/

Olympic Games - Jeux Olympiques - Olympische Spiele Juegos Olimpicos - Giochi Olimpici PO Box 732 State College, PA., USA 16804 tel: (814) 237-8331 fax: (814) 237-8332 email: Olympicbks@aol.com Temporary host for the International Institute for Sport and Olympic History Site NAVIGATION Page A list of all the pages on this web site. HARVEY ABRAMS-BOOKS International Institute for Sport and Olympic History HARVEY ABRAMS-BOOKS Services Consignment sales, Appraisal service, to Central PA, Centre County, PA, ... Penn State prospective students OLYMPIC CENTURY 24 volume set The OLYMPIC CENTURY 24 volume set of Olympic Games history. $599.00 plus shipping. The official project of the IOC and USOC. Order it NOW! 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games Official Report - Memoria Oficial de los Juegos de la XXV Olimpiada Barcelona 1992 In stock, ready to ship 1992 Official Report (English) Official Report of the Games of the XXV Olympiad Barcelona 1992. 1992 Official Report ... Memoria Oficial de los Juegos de la XXV Olimpiada Barcelona 1992 4 volumes. 1776 pp. Slipcases. Original price: $600.00.

10. Virginia Academy Of Fencing - World's Largest Fencing School Club history, program information, practice schedules, coach biographies, and events for this Springfield school that offers olympic, historical and theatrical training. http://www.vafinc.com/

11. HEC Bylaws What is the history and. Meaning of the olympic Games? an essay, by. Michael Simos. 6th grade, Montgomery Elementary, Atlanta (September 1995) Foreword. Why are the olympic Games so important? Remove the banners, the noise, the fencing, and the scene is pastoral http://www.greece.org/olympics/why.html

What is the History and Meaning of the Olympic Games? an essay, by Michael Simos 6th grade, Montgomery Elementary, Atlanta (September 1995) Foreword Why are the Olympic Games so important? Why will people from all around the world come in the summer of 1996 to Atlanta to either watch or compete in them? Why is it that billions of people around the world will sit in front of their television sets to watch these games? To answer these questions we need to go back in history to find the meaning of the Olympic Games. 1. The Ancient Games. In ancient Greece, sports and competition were very important. The Greeks believed that physical exercise and mental training were connected to each other. The Greek word for education meant the development of the entire human being and could not be divided into physical and mental education, because the mind cannot exist without the body, and the body has no meaning without the mind. Their rule of thumb was, "Educate children with gymnastics and music." Religion encouraged this kind of education, and great athletic and musical contests were held in holy places, under the protection of the gods, and in front of thousands of spectators from all over Greece. The contests were called Games, and the most famous were held at the Sanctuary of Olympia in southwestern Greece. The Olympian or Olympic Games started in 776 BC, and were held every four years in honor of Zeus, the king of the mythical Greek gods. They were at their peak in the 5th and 4th centuries BC, but they were suppressed in 394 AD by the Roman emperor Theodosius I.

12. Fencing – News Reports, Sydney Results, Ancient Origins, Olympic History, Atlan fencing history is littered with such intrigue and adventure it difficult to tell one fencer from another However, since Vladimir Smirnov, olympic foil champion http://www.times-olympics.co.uk/communities/fencing/fencingancient.html

ANCIENT ORIGINS BAD BLOOD AND PRIDE PRECEDE THE ELECTRONIC DUEL Swashbuckling heroes come to mind when fencing is mentioned but in these days when duels are settled electronically, there is a relatively modern tale that not even Errol Flynn and the silver screen managed to match in terms of intrigue, bad blood and bravery. The story started in Paris 1924 and involved a certain Italian-born Hungarian master by the name of Italo Santelli. Controversy reigned over the decision of a Hungarian judge by the name of Kovacs in favour of France against Italy. Aldo Boni, of Italy, would have none of it and launched a verbal attack on the judge, who in turn demanded an apology. None was given and the judge called on Santelli as a witness to confirm Boni's abusive outburst. He did so, and the Italians withdrew from the Games, singing the Fascist hymn as they went. Once back in Italy, the proud team accused Santelli of speaking out against Boni because he feared that Italy would beat Hungary, the eventual bronze medal-winners. The insult was too much for Santelli to bear; the 60-year-old challenged Adolfo Contronei, the Italy captain, to a duel. Government licence was obtained but Santelli's son Giorgio invoked the duelling code to take his father's place and sabres were drawn.

13. Fencing Online Historical Overview of Modern fencing Includes information on right-of-way and olympic Rules; history of fencing - Another good historical overview from the http://www.fencing101.com/intro2.php

Brief History of Fencing History of Fencing - Where did it start? Swordfighting as sport has existed since ancient Egypt, and has been practiced in many forms in various cultures since then. Although jousting and tournament combat was a popular sport in the European middle ages, modern FIE fencing owes more to unarmoured dueling forms that evolved from 16th century rapier combat. Rapiers evolved from cut-and-thrust military swords, but were most popular amongst civilians who used it for self-defence and dueling. Rapiers were edged, but the primary means of attack was the thrust. Rapier fencing spread from Spain and Italy to northwest Europe, in spite of the objections of masters such as George Silver who preferred traditional cutting weapons such the English broad sword. The Spanish school, under masters such as Narvaez and Thibault, became a complicated and mystical affair whose geometrical theories required much practice to master. Italian masters like Agrippa and Capo Ferro developed a more pragmatic school in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, introducing innovations such as linear fencing and the lunge. By the 18th century, the rapier had evolved to a simpler, shorter, and lighter design that was popularized in France as the small sword. Although the small sword often had an edge, it was only to discourage the opponent from grabbing the blade, and the weapon was used exclusively for thrusting. The light weight made a more complex and defensive style possible, and the French masters developed a school based on defence with the sword, subtlety of movement, and complex attacks. When buttoned with a leather safety tip that resembled a flower bud, the small sword was known as le fleuret, and was identical in use to the modern foil (still known as le fleuret in French). Indeed, the French small sword school forms the basis of most of modern fencing theory.

14. Rutgers Crew Olympic History The Official Site of Rutgers Crew Basketball (M) Basketball (W) fencing. Gymnastics. Swimming. Track (M National and olympic history. Recently, six Rutgers alumni found their way onto the U.S. olympic Rowing Team for the http://www.scarletknights.com/crew/history/olympics.htm

CREW ALUMNI DIRECTORY RU ALUMNI ONLINE COMMUNITY RU BOOKSTORE MEMBERSHIP INFO ... ROWING CAMP Select a Sport - Spring - Baseball Softball Lacrosse (M) Lacrosse (W) Crew Golf Tennis (M) Tennis (W) Track (M) Track (W) - Fall - Football Soccer (M) Soccer (W) Field Hockey Cross Country Volleyball (W) (W) Golf Tennis (M) Tennis (W) - Winter - Basketball (M) Basketball (W) Fencing Gymnastics Swimming Track (M) Track W) Wrestling Cheerleading Athletics Bands Rutgers Crew ... A Proud Tradition National and Olympic History Recently, six Rutgers alumni found their way onto the U.S. Olympic Rowing Team for the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games. Kaehler Klepacki Dore-Terhaar Hall 1996 Atlanta Olympics All four of the Rutgers athletes that participated in the Sydney Olympics also were members of the Atlanta Olympic Team, along with: Other Rutgers Olympians Tom Price ('55) and Chuck Logg ('52) Rutgers has a rich Olympic and National Team history as many other Scarlet Knight rowers have made the US National Team, including: CREW HOME E-Mail Men's Crew E-Mail Women's Crew Rutgers University.

15. History Of Fencing for the first time at the olympic Games in provided in cooperation with US fencing, Colorado Springs history of fencing Another good historical overview from http://www.fencing101.com/intro.php

Introduction to Fencing The modern Olympic fencer trains for years, honing agility, quickness, and subtlety of movement. The sport has been described as "chess with muscles," suggesting that complicated strategy lies behind the thrusts and parries that punctuate a duel. Fencers of today employ a strange combination of archaic and modern customs; combatants still salute before a match and wear the traditional white uniforms and masks, but scoring is now determined by electronic padding worn by the combatants that registers when a hit takes place with flashing, color-coded lights. As suggested by the continuing power of the myths of swordfighting knights and adventurers, the fencing tradition is rich and storied. Like fellow Olympic sports archery and javelin, fencing has its roots in ancient combat. Around 1200 BC, the Egyptians began the custom of fencing for sport, as seen by images in decorative reliefs from that period depicting knobs on the end of weapons, earflaps and other protective garb. Sword craftsmanship evolved through the ages, from the short, wide swords favored by the Greeks and Romans to the heavy two-handed broadswords in vogue during the age of chivalry. After the advent of gunpowder and firearms, armor became obsolete and lighter swords gained popularity as the sidearm of choice for European officers and gentlemen. The Italians, Spanish, and French all claim parentage for modern fencing, but throughout Europe during the Renaissance the discipline took on the aura of high art, with masters refining and passing on to a select few their secret techniques. In the 18th century, treatises appeared in print setting forth the current system of rules and scoring, and prescribing the foil, a metal mask with eye slit, and protective jacket or vest as equipment for use. The rules were intended to simulate real combat while protecting the safety of the combatants. "Conventions" were subsequently adopted to limit the target area of the body and providing for a "right of way" for attacks.

16. SI.com - Facts On Olympic History - Tuesday April 20, 2004 2:38AM nav. Facts on olympic history. olympic Oathtakers. Year, Oathtaker, Sport. 1920, Victor Boin, fencing. 1924, George Andrew, Athletics. 1928, Henri Denis, Soccer. http://www.cnnsi.com/2004/olympics/2004/04/20/olympic.facts/

Get 4 trial issues of SI and a FREE gift! THE WEB SI.com Facts on Olympic history Posted: Tuesday April 20, 2004 2:38AM; Updated: Tuesday April 20, 2004 2:43AM Olympic Motto The Olympic motto "Citius, Altius, Fortius" is Latin for "Faster, Higher, Braver," but is universally accepted to mean "Swifter, Higher, Stronger." Olympic Rings The Olympic symbolfive interlocked ringsrepresents the union of the five original major continents (Africa, America, Asia, Australia and Europe) and the meeting of the athletes from throughout the world at the Olympic Games. The five colors of the rings from left to right are blue, black and red across the top and yellow and green along the bottom. The colors of the rings are thought to have been chosen because at least one of these colors can be found in the flag of every nation. Olympic Flag The Olympic Flag has a plain white background with no border. In the center are the five interlocked Olympic rings. The flag was presented by Baron Pierre de Coubertin in 1914 at the Olympic Congress is 1914, celebrating the 20th anniversary of the founding of the International Olympic Committee. It was flown that year at Alexandria, Greece, but made its Olympic debut in 1920 at Antwerp. The "primary" Olympic flag was thus known as "the Antwerp flag." In 1984, Seoul presented a new Olympic flag (as the old was getting quite worn) to the IOC, which was first flown at the 1988 Olympic Games. At the Closing Ceremonies of the Olympic Games, the mayor of the Olympic host city presents the Olympic flag to the mayor of

17. CNNSI.com - Olympic Sports - U.S. Olympic Fencing Team - Thursday September 07, US fencing Team. MEN. Cliff Bayer. Age 23, Height 6 1 , Weight 173, Birthdate June 14, 1977 Hometown New York, NY Event Foil olympic history Competing in his http://www.cnnsi.com/olympics/news/2000/usteam_fencing/

EVENTS Sportsman of the Year Heisman Trophy Swimsuit 2001 CENTERS Fantasy Central Inside Game Multimedia Central Statitudes ... Work in Sports CNNSI.com GROUP Sports Illustrated Life of Reilly Television SI Women ... CNN Languages COMMERCE SI Customer Service SI Media Kits Get into College Sports Memorabilia ... TeamStore U.S. Fencing Team Men: Cliff Bayer Tamir Bloom Keeth Smart Akhnaten Spencer-El Women: Ann Marsh Arlene Stevens Felicia Zimmerman Iris Zimmerman MEN Cliff Bayer Age: Height: Weight: Birthdate: June 14, 1977 Hometown: New York, N.Y. Event: Foil Olympic History: Competing in his first Olympics Back to the top Tamir Bloom Age: Height: Weight: Birthdate: Dec. 24, 1971 Hometown: Millburn, N.J. Event: Epee Olympic History: Competing in his second Olympics after competing in 1996 Atlanta Games. Back to the top Keeth Smart Age: Height: Weight: Birthdate: July 29, 1978 Hometown: Brooklyn, N.Y. Event: Sabre Olympic History: Competing in his first Olympics Back to the top Akhnatan Spencer-El Age: Height: Weight: Birthdate: April 13, 1979

18. Olympic Preview: Fencing Did You Know? The Dow family of fencers is believed to be the only motherfather-son trio in olympic history to compete in the same event. http://www.infoplease.com/spot/ol-fencing.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Father's Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips Fencing First Olympic Appearance: 1896 by John Gettings Did You Know? The Dow family of fencers is believed to be the only mother-father-son trio in Olympic history to compete in the same event. Warren qualified for the United States team in 1936, his wife Helen in 1948 and their son Robert in 1972. Although sword fighting dates back to ancient Egypt, today's fencing owes more to 16th-century European rapier combat, which depended more on thrusts as a means of attack. In competitions today, fencers earn points by hitting target areas on their opponents that change depending on the three types of swords used. The foil is the lightest of the three swords. A point is awarded when a hit is made with the blade's tip anywhere on an opponent's torso, from the shoulders to the groin, front and back, not including the arms, neck, head, and legs. Women began to compete in foil at the 1924 Olympics. The entire body The sabre is a modern version of a cavalry sword. Bouts fought with sabres are distinguished by extravagant slashing movements. Hits can be made with either the tip or edge of the light, flexible blade; the target area is the waist up, including both arms and the mask. This year women will fight sabre for the first time in the Olympics.

19. Olympic Sports History - Fencing olympic Sports history. fencing. fencing originated as the practice of swordsmanship to prepare men for duels and warfare. A fencing http://www.athenshousing.com/olympicshistory/OlympicSports/fencing.html

Home Check Availability Browse Accommodations Buy Olympic Event Tickets ... Submit A Special Request Olympic Sports History FENCING Fencing originated as the practice of swordsmanship to prepare men for duels and warfare. A fencing match is depicted on an Egyptian temple that dates to about 1190 B.C. and the ancient Babylonians, Greeks, Persians, and Romans all had some form of fencing. The use of armor during the Middle Ages made swordsmanship virtually obsolete. The broadsword was used against armor, but only as a crude hacking device requiring sheer strength rather than skill. By making armor obsolete, the development of firearms ironically brought swordplay back into prominence during the 15th century. Soldiers once again had to acquire some skill with the sword, and fencing also emerged as a pastime for gentlemen. Fencing masters organized guilds, which taught various moves to initiates while protecting them as trade secrets from outsiders. The swords of that period were rather heavy, and cutting the opponent with the edge was emphasized. Further, since the sword was frequently a weapon of defense against thieves, tactics included wrestling holds and tricks designed to disarm or immobilize the opponent to set him up for the killing blow. Fencing as an exercise based on speed and skill began when the longer, lighter rapier was developed in Italy during the 16th century. Because of the rapier's length, opponents had to fight at a distance and quick but controlled lunges, attacking the enemy with the point of the sword, replaced cruder hacking techniques. But the rapier wasn't a good defensive weapon, so the fencer often had to use his gauntleted left hand to parry his opponent's thrusts.

20. History Of Fencing. bound together with the history of the sword in human culture, and has taken many forms (both Eastern and Western). Modern sport (or olympic) fencing can trace http://www.geocities.com/sallediablo/history.html

With reference to Evangelista, N., 1996, The Art and Science of Fencing, Masters Press, Indianapolis, IN, p.288 The history of fencing is bound together with the history of the sword in human culture, and has taken many forms (both Eastern and Western). Modern sport (or Olympic) fencing can trace its origin to the battlefields of 16 th century Europe, where the arrival of guns heralded the end of the age of “knights in shining armor”. Guns had made the wearing of plate armor obsolete, but as guns were unreliable, slow, and unwieldy to use, swords continued to be a major personal weapon. With the disappearance of armor, teaching of sword defense (from which the word “fencing” may have come) became an important survival skill. Also during this time in history, the Renaissance was sweeping Europe. The new enlightenment expressed itself in the art of swordplay by the critical study of sword forms and techniques, leading to the publication of several scholarly fencing manuals and the formation of many fencing schools (or salles). A dramatic development in swords themselves took place during the late 1500s to mid 1600s with the development of the rapier (the type of sword you see in most swashbuckling films). The rapier was a slim, lightweight sword specifically designed for thrusting rather than cutting, and its common use in street duels led to the teaching of fencing techniques suited to this style of sword. By the 18 th century, the rapier had further developed into the even slimmer, lighter, and faster small sword. The mechanics of this weapon encouraged straight linear attacks, which are reflected in the modern linear fencing strip. The modern fencing foil was introduced into salles around this time; this is a blunt version of the small sword specifically designed to allow the teaching of sword technique with minimal injury to students (or their fencing masters). This helped to make salles much more respectable and attractive as centers of refinement and schooling. Also around this time people began to realize (and emphasize) the mental and physical benefits of fencing apart from the dueling aspect.

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