41. Expert System - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia human reasoning process for that application is just too vast to store in the active memory of a computer. In other applications of expert systems, the nature http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expert_system

Expert system From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. An expert system is a class of computer programs developed by researchers in artificial intelligence during the and applied commercially throughout the . In essence, they are programs made up of a set of rules that analyze information , (usually supplied by the user of the system), about a specific class of problems , as well as provide analysis of the problem(s), and, depending upon their design , a recommended course of user action in order to implement corrections Table of contents 1 Type of problems solved by expert systems 2 Application 1 Expert Systems vs. Problem Solving Systems 2 Individuals Involved with Expert Systems ... edit Type of problems solved by expert systems Typically, the problems to be solved are of the sort that would normally be tackled by a human " expert " - a medical or other professional , in most cases. Real experts in the problem domain (which will typically be very narrow, for instance "diagnosing skin diseases in human teenagers ") are asked to provide " rules of thumb " on how they evaluate the problems, either explicitly with the aid of experienced

42. Expert Systems (Computer Scien Systems expert systems (computer scien systems Search for books at all-computer-books.co.uk. all-computer-books.co.uk. http://all-computer-books.co.uk/Expert_systems_(Computer_scien_Systems.html

Home Search High Volume Orders Links ... On Line Algorithms Additional Subjects Apple Pro Training Series: Logic 6 Rescue What Saint Paul Really Said: Was Paul of Tarsus the Real Founder of Christianity? Mastering Autocad 14 for Windows 95 Nt ... Teacher's Handbook of Children's Games: A Guide to Developing Perceptual-Motor Skills Featured Books I want to develop an Expert system prototype in the field of engineering and need to help me in this prospective. My mailing adress is Daniel,Benjamin 14/9,park Avenue, Glenhuntly, Victoria-3163 Written by Leonard Adelman Published by Wiley-Interscience (December 1991) ISBN 0471548014 Price $130.00 This book was required for our DSS class. The material is impossibly thick and it can take hours to try to sort through the material.Ok coverage, but you can do a heck of a lot better elsewhere Written by Efraim Turban Jay E. Aronson Published by Prentice Hall (November 2000) ISBN 0130894656 Price $130.00

43. Expert Systems (Computer Scien Ontologies expert systems (computer scien Ontologies Search for books at all-computer-books.co.uk. all-computer-books.co.uk. computer Vision. expert systems. http://all-computer-books.co.uk/Expert_systems_(Computer_scien_Ontologies.html

Home Search High Volume Orders Links ... On Line Algorithms Additional Subjects Apple Pro Training Series: Logic 6 Rescue What Saint Paul Really Said: Was Paul of Tarsus the Real Founder of Christianity? Mastering Autocad 14 for Windows 95 Nt ... Teacher's Handbook of Children's Games: A Guide to Developing Perceptual-Motor Skills Books Handbook on Ontologies Written by Steffen Staab Rudi Studer Published by Springer Verlag (January 2004) ISBN 3540408347 Price $149.00 See Also Videometrics VI: 28-29 January 1999 San Jose, California Ralph Waldo Emerson Royal Military Academy Ancient Greece Warrior Our Bookstores Cooking Books Games Books Computer Books Health Books ... Music Books Web Resources W3 Scholls Amazon Advanced BASH Microsoft .NET ... Exchange links with us

44. Computer Help Desk Expert Systems Software - Software, Hardware KnowledgeStorm provides free research of computer Help Desk expert systems Software related enterprise software and services. KnowledgeStorm http://www.knowledgestorm.com/search/keyword/Computer Help Desk Expert Systems S

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45. Introduction expert systems have been used to solve a wide range of problems in domains such as medicine, mathematics, engineering, geology, computer science, business, law http://www.cee.hw.ac.uk/~alison/ai3notes/section2_5_1.html

Next: Designing an Expert Up: Expert Systems Previous: Expert Systems Introduction So far we have talked alot about how we can represent knowledge, but not so much about how we can use it to solve real practical problems. This section will therefore look at how some of the techniques discussed so far are used in expert systems - systems which provide expert quality advice, diagnoses and recommendations given real world problems. Anyway, expert systems are meant to solve real problems which normally would require a specialised human expert (such as a doctor or a minerologist). Building an expert system therefore first involves extracting the relevant knowledge from the human expert. Such knowledge is often heuristic in nature, based on useful ``rules of thumb'' rather than absolute certainties. Extracting it from the expert in a way that can be used by a computer is generally a difficult task, requiring its own expertise. A knowledge engineer has the job of extracting this knowledge and building the expert system knowledge base A first attempt at building an expert system is unlikely to be very successful. This is partly because the expert generally finds it very difficult to express exactly what knowledge and rules they use to solve a problem. Much of it is almost subconscious, or appears so obvious they don't even bother mentioning it.

46. Participatory Design - Stanford University - Computer Science 201 Final Project expert systems, also known as knowledgebased systems, are a class of computer program that can advise, analyze, categorize, communicate, consult, design http://cse.stanford.edu/class/cs201/projects-00-01/participatory-design/esd.html

Abstract Introduction Contacts Competing Strategies History What is PD? Political Push Innovation Professionals ... The Developer Philosophical Perspective Workers Design Philosophy Competing Strategies Expert Systems Design Usability Engeering Value Senstive Design Expert Systems Design Expert systems, also known as "knowledge-based systems," are a class of computer program that can advise, analyze, categorize, communicate, consult, design, diagnose, explain, explore, forecast, form concepts, identify, interpret, justify, learn, manage, monitor, plan, present, retrieve, schedule, test, and tutor. These types of systems attempt to remove some of the complexity and skill necessary for certain jobs. Typically, an expert system is capable of explaining its reasoning for the decisions it makes and can "learn" as it gains experience. Of course this learning is not like a human learns. Expert systems will instead employ algorithms and store data using the approaches described in any Artificial Intelligence book. Benefits of Expert Systems Reduced error due to automation of tedious, repetitive or critical tasks

47. EXPERT SYSTEMS IN AGRICULTURE The most basic difference of expert systems with that of conventional computer programs is that expert systems manipulate knowledge while conventional programs http://www.techno-preneur.net/timeis/technology/MaySciTech/AgriExpert.html

EXPERT SYSTEMS IN AGRICULTURE A n "Expert system" is an intelligent computer program that uses knowledge and inference procedures to solve problems that are difficult enough to require significant human expertise for their solution. Expert systems, a recent advance in the use of computers, give advice to professionals and business people in such varied fields as medicine, chemistry, mathematics, finance, insurance, repair of equipment and many others. The application of expert system technology to agriculture seems natural, considering the widespread use of extension agents in the field. Aid from experts, who have encoded their knowledge in computer programs, may help alleviate some of the problems in agriculture. These software programs typically fit into the category of decision support tools. Decision support programs imitate an expert by involving a client in a problem-solving situation, often providing a recommendation in response to a client's request for help in making a decision. Capturing the expertise of retiring life-long experts, whose experience will be lost, is often cited as a primary reason for building an expert system. Ultimately, expert systems have the potential to help farmers run their business more economically. Extension agents may not always be available for consultation or may not be able to optimize economic decisions in a consultative phone conversation if mathematical calculations are required. Expertise gained in the developed countries could also be distributed to developing countries, although resistance to new technology would have to be overcome.

48. IPT - A Virtual Approach - Exoert Systems peak performance, and does not suffer form personality incompatibilities. A computer expert system, however, is NOT INTELLIGENT. http://www.wonko.info/cybertext/ai/ai3.htm

Expert Systems An AI Research Spinoff AI is a sub-field of Computer science, aimed at producing computer systems (=software and/or hardware) that exhibit 'intelligent' action: - can solve a variety of problems, learn from experience, understand language, interpret visual scenes, and in general behave in a way that could be considered intelligent if observed by a human. These systems contrast to existing (conventional) systems in that they are typically credited with being able to cope with unfamiliar situations, not merely replaying 'recorded' patterns of behaviour Expert Systems An 'Expert' is one that can draw upon a comprehensive knowledge about a very specialised field or domain (that is, a restricted but reasonably complete Universe of Discourse). An expert is also very good at solving particular types of problems, restructuring information in such a way that usually divides a problem into smaller, usually more easily solvable parts. An expert can also find multiple solutions, if they are appropriate, and can justify, verify or at least attach some level of certainty to its solution. Human domain specialists (bacteriologists, for example) take many years to train, costing huge amounts of money for a relatively short productive lifespan. Human memory is not precise - that is it can make mistakes, it can forget or confuse one thing with another. Knowledge and reliable experience can take many years to develop, and worse can easily be forgotten with lack of use.

49. Basic Expert Systems 1986. 3. Durkin J. expert systems Catalogue of Applications. Intelligent computer systems, PO BOX 4117, Akron, Ohio, USA, 1993. http://www.bcsnsg.org.uk/itin08/darling.htm

Basic expert systems Keith Darlington MSc, MBCS Senior Lecturer in Knowledge Based Systems. The Knowledge Based Systems Centre South Bank University London WWW: http://www.scism.sbu.ac.uk/~darlink Key words: computer science, Diagnosis, Expert system. Summary An introduction to the basic concepts of expert systems and the characteristics which distinguish expert systems from conventional software. Some of the emerging uses of the technology that may be useful in the nursing professions are also discussed. Six references. Medical software tools began to emerge during the 1980's, some became known as 'expert systems'. In contrast to conventional software which process data, expert systems process 'knowledge'. For this reason, expert systems are also called ‘Knowledge Based Systems' (KBS). The most well known medical example is MYCIN.' This expert system was developed at Stanford University in 1976 to aid physicians in diagnosing and treating patients with infectious blood diseases caused by bacteria in the blood and meningitis. These diseases can be fatal if not recognised and treated quickly. Many other medical expert systems have followed the success of MYCIN. Other medical examples will be outlined later in the paper. What are expert systems?

50. Expert Systems In Nursing Key words computer science, expert system, nursing. Summary The basic concepts of expert systems and their possible uses in the http://www.bcsnsg.org.uk/itin09/darling.htm

Expert systems in nursing Keith Darlington MSc, MBCS Senior Lecturer in Knowledge Based Systems The Knowledge Based Systems Centre, SCISM, South Bank University, 103 Borough Rd., London SE1 0AA EMail: Keithd@sbu.ac.uk http://www.scism.sbu.ac.uk/~darlink Key words : computer science, expert system, nursing. Summary The basic concepts of expert systems and their possible uses in the nursing profession were introduced in ITIN Volume 8.4. This paper examines in more detail how expert systems work, and discusses the appropriateness of using expert systems for nursing domains and outlines stages for developing an expert system. It concludes with a review of some expert systems in the nursing domain. The basic architecture of an expert system outlined in the December issue of ITIN identified the two main components of an expert system: the inference engine and the knowledge base containing the domain knowledge usually stored in the form of rules.' Another component, called the user interface, which provides a means of communicating with an expert system is also part of the basic architecture. The relationship between these components is shown in figure 1. The operation of the inference engine The inference engine works by selecting a rule for testing and then checking if the conditions for that rule are true. The conditions may be found from questions to the user, or they may be facts already discovered during the consultation. When the conditions of the rule are found to be true, then the rule conclusion is true. The rule is then said to have 'fired'. This conclusion will then be added to the knowledge base or may be displayed via the user interface for information. For example, consider the following rules taken from a house plant expert system:

51. Peter Jackson: Introduction To Expert Systems Introduction to expert systems, 3e. Peter Jackson. Harlow, England Addison Wesley Longman, 1999. International computer Science Series. http://members.aol.com/jacksonpe/music1/introduc.htm

Introduction to Expert Systems, 3e Peter Jackson Harlow, England: Addison Wesley Longman, 1999 International Computer Science Series To order , please click the icon In December 1998, Addison Wesley Longman brought out the 3rd Edition of my expert systems text. This book has been rather a long time in the making, thanks to various relocations, career changes, health problems, and a great deal of goofing off on my part. After writing the 2nd Edition, I quit defense computing in 1992 and returned to academia to teach Expert Systems for the first time since leaving Edinburgh, as well as Artificial Intelligence, Numeric Computation, Symbolic Computation and Parallel Systems. I also taught classes on AI, Expert Systems, CLIPS and Scheme Programming at Singapore Polytechnic in the summer of 1994. These experiences allowed me to troubleshoot the 2nd Edition to some extent, and gave me ideas for improving the pedagogical aspects of the book next time around The 1st Edition, published in 1986, was arguably the first text written primarily for students, as opposed to researchers or the business world. It covered the basic concepts and techniques of knowledge representation and reasoning.

52. E-J Finder Results Subjects Containing expert systems (computer Science) . 4 Subjects. expert systems (computer Science). expert systems (computer Science) Design. http://ejournal.coalliance.org/SubSearcher.cfm?subj=Expert Systems (Computer Sci

53. E-J Miner Results Titles with the Subject Heading expert systems (computer Science) Research . 1 EJournals. expert systems with Applications. © Copyright http://ejournal.coalliance.org/SubjTitles.cfm?subj=Expert Systems (Computer Scie

54. MathGuide: Software And Expert Systems 1. Ada Information Clearinghouse AdaIC. Subject Class, computer science. Source Type, Software and expert systems. URL, http//www.adaic.org/. http://www.mathguide.de/cgi-bin/ssgfi/anzeige.pl?db=math&st=do

55. Information On Expert Systems The lack of computer skills should not inhibit anyone from using this are published procedures that one can follow to develop expert systems, although rigid http://www.cas.psu.edu/docs/casdept/expertsystems/esdg/expsystm.htm

56. Computerized 'Expert Systems' 1987, George started to define his ideas with a team that included several homeopathic physicians working in concert with expert System computer analysts. http://www.wholehealthnow.com/homeopathy_software/expert_systems.html

Computerized 'Expert Systems' All popular software (word processors, databases, spreadsheets, etc.) contains, retrieves, sorts and handles enormous amounts of information. An Expert System, however, is a type of program that is designed to reproduce the reasoning of an Expert in a given field. There are two basic parts in an Expert System - a database of information, combined with the specific principles needed for decision making. A Homeopathic Expert System With the Vithoulkas Expert System, the database is Synthesis, the unique computerized repertory used in RADAR software. In fact, additions have been made to all the chapters of Synthesis by many expert authors, including George Vithoulkas. In order to develop the rules for making decisions, a team of computer scientists and homeopaths needed to translate the principles given by Mr. Vithoulkas into mathematical formulas. They had to establish his exact pattern of decision-making, zeroing in on thousands of rules and sub-rules, so the program would obtain relevant remedy suggestions in every case. Even the Expert is Amazed In February 1987, George started to define his ideas with a team that included several homeopathic physicians working in concert with Expert System computer analysts.

57. INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EXPERT SYSTEMS expert systems are sophisticated computer programs that manipulate knowledge to solve problems Waterman, 1986, p.xvii. Separate knowledge and control http://accounting.rutgers.edu/raw/aies/www.bus.orst.edu/faculty/brownc/es_tutor/

INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EXPERT SYSTEMS Table of Contents I. What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? II. What are Expert Systems (ES)? Functional Components Structural Components ... Accounting Expert Systems Applications compiled by Carol E. Brown Artificial Intelligence in Business by Daniel E. O'Leary Artificial Intelligence / Expert Systems Section of the American Accounting Association International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management VI-2. Recent Books of Readings VI-3. References Used for Definitions ... Photocopy Permission I. What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? Artificial intelligence can be viewed from a variety of perspectives. From the perspective of intelligence artificial intelligence is making machines "intelligent" acting as we would expect people to act. The inability to distinguish computer responses from human responses is called the Turing test. Intelligence requires knowledge Expert problem solving - restricting domain to allow including significant relevant knowledge From a research perspective artificial intelligence is the study of how to make computers do things which, at the moment, people do better" [Rich and Knight, 1991, p.3].

58. Accounting Expert Systems. expert systems are computer programs that use captured human knowledge to solve problems that ordinarily require human experts. http://www.luca.com/cpajournal/old/16458936.htm

The CPA Journal Online Search Software Personal Help Nov 1994 Accounting expert systems. by Smith, L. Murphy Abstract- Expert systems are problem-solving programs that mimic the way human experts reason. These systems were first developed in the late 1970s as a means of incorporating computers within the managerial decision-making framework. Unlike conventional programs, expert systems approach problems using qualitative analysis in addition to standard quantitative data-oriented analysis. They have since evolved into reliable tools for supervisors and managers and can now be applied to a variety of complex problems. In the financial field, expert systems have been developed for specialized areas such as auditing, tax planning, financial analysis and professional education. While only a handful of these systems can be purchased, many software packages are available for users who may wish to develop managerial decision-making software that is tailored to their needs. Expert systems have been developed by larger firms and businesses for a variety of applications. While only a few systems can be purchased, packages are available to enable those interested in developing their own. The authors tell what's available.

59. ThinkQuest : Library : ALIVE expert systems are simply customwritten computer programs that are expert in some narrow problem area, and embody (to a certain extent) a true human http://library.thinkquest.org/11534/expert.htm

Index Artificial Intelligence ALIVE Do you know how smart your computer is? This site may make you wonder. Artificial intelligence is here now, and involves a lot of practical and ethical issues. Learn about genetic algorithms, expert systems, neural networks, and natural language processing. Consider the implications of computers in movies such as The Terminator and 2001: A Space Odyssey (remember HAL?). Learn about Big Blue, IBM's chess-playing computer, and get advice from Eliza, an online therapist. Visit Site 1997 ThinkQuest Internet Challenge Languages English Students Eu Tak Hwa Chong Junior College, Singapore, Singapore Jih Chao Hwa Chong Junior College, Singapore, Singapore Phillip Riccarton High School, Christchurch, New Zealand Coaches Chi Yin Hwa Chong Junior College, Singapore, Singapore Chi Yin Hwa Chong Junior College, Singapore, Singapore Andrew Riccarton High School, Christchurch, New Zealand Want to build a ThinkQuest site? The ThinkQuest site above is one of thousands of educational web sites built by students from around the world. Click here to learn how you can build a ThinkQuest site.

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Search Now: NOTICE : All prices, availability, and specifications are subject to verification by their respective retailers. info@rbookshop.com Last Modified : 6-7-2004 Related Stores Palm Pilots Photo Printers Computer Magazines Expert Systems, Computer Books Buy Expert Systems, Computer books and other Computer Books here at discount prices! Choose from a total of 505 Expert Systems, Computer items sorted by poularity. Click on any Expert Systems, Computer book for reviews, product descriptions, prices, and buying information. Home Computer Books Sort Items By: REVIEWS ALPHABETICAL SALES RANK The Data Warehouse Lifecycle Toolkit : Expert Methods for... by Ralph Kimball (Author), et al (Paperback ) List Price - $65.00 Amazon Price: on 6-7-2004 The Essence of Artificial Intelligence by Alison Cawsey (Author) (Paperback ) List Price - $19.95 Amazon Price: on 6-7-2004 Virtual Humans: A Build-It-Yourself Kit, Complete With Software... by Peter M. Plantec, et al (Paperback - November 2003)

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