41. Larix Occidentalis Description , images, ethnobotany, and other information for the Western Larch tree of western North America....... http://www.botanik.uni-bonn.de/conifers/pi/la/occidentalis.htm

"Big Tree Bob" Van Pelt with one of the largest known specimens, on the road to Haney Meadows, Washington [C.J. Earle, 15-Aug-2003]. Bark of a tree about 60 cm dbh, Haney Meadows, Washington. Lichen is Letharia vulpina [C.J. Earle, 15-Aug-2003]. Twig with young needles and immature female cone [C.J. Earle]. Foliage of a mature tree, Haney Meadows, Washington. Lichen is Bryoria sp. [C.J. Earle, 15-Aug-2003]. The range of western larch, redrawn from Basemap from www.expediamaps.com Larix occidentalis Nuttall 1849 Common Names Western larch, western tamarack, hackmatack ( Peattie 1950 ), mountain larch ( Parish et al. 1996 Parker 1993 Taxonomic notes Described in 1806 by Lewis and Clark but not recognized as a distinct species until 1849, when described by Thomas Nuttall ( Parish et al. 1996 ). Several studies have examined hybridization with Larix lyallii Carlson 1965 Carlson et al. 1991 Knudsen 1968 Description n Parish et al. 1996 Parker 1993 Range Canada: British Columbia; USA: Montana, Idaho, Washington and Oregon at 500-2135 m, usually in mountain valleys and lower slopes ( Parker 1993 ). See also (

42. Mentha Arvensis... American Wild Mint , photograph (from the state of Washington), habitat, ethnobotany, and distribution....... http://www.cwnp.org/photopgs/mdoc/mearvensis.html

Mentha arvensis American Wild Mint Family: Lamiaceae (Mint family) Photo taken on the upper Icicle River, moist soil near river (10-50 cm away) Flowers: verticils of flowers axillary, and separated by regular internodes; calyx 10 nerved; corolla with a short tube, and nearly regular 4 lobed limb; upper lobe formed by the fusion of the 2 lobes of the upper lip, tending to be broader than the other lobes Leaves: all cauline; 2 to 8 cm with several pairs of lateral veins; floral leaves spreading, greater than flower clusters Plant: Traditionally the stems were used for tea by the Okanagon-Coville and Sanpoil, and the leaves were used by the Shuswap for tea. The plant was also used by the Thompson as a insect repellent. Habitat: common, usually growing in moist areas Distribution of species: circumboreal species Distribution of genus: 25 species: temperate North America, Eurasia

43. Sacred Earth - Ethnobotany & Ecotravel: What Is Ethnobotany These page are intended as a brief introduction to ethnobotany. We hope to inform What is ethnobotany? ethnobotany is defined as http://www.sacredearth.com/ethnobotanyportal.htm

What is Ethnobotany and Why is it so important? Ethnobotany at Fort Lewis College Baca Institute of Ethnobotany Ethnobotany Leaflets ... The Eden Project What is Ethnobotany? Ethnobotany is defined as the study of the relationship between people and plants and most commonly refers to the study of indigenous uses of plants. In other words, it is the marriage between cultural anthropology and botany, a study that investigates the roles of plants as medicine, nurishment, natural resources or gateways to the gods. Usually it is considered a relatively young field of study. Officially it has only been recognized as an academic discipline for about a hundred years. However, this view is deceptive. In fact, the investigation of plants and their uses is one of the most primary human concerns, which has been practiced by all cultures for tens, if not hundreds of thousands of years - its just that it wasn't called 'Ethnobotany' then. People have always depended on plants for their primary needs, (food, shelter, warmth, medicines, etc.etc.), and thus naturally have learned their uses. In the course of nomadic roaming this knowledge was exchanged with neighboring tribes, friends and foe and was gradually expanded upon. Thus, plant knowledge has been passed around the world since the beginning of time - and frequently the actual plants themselves have spread along with it.

44. International Aroid Society Homepage Dedicated to the dissemination of information on the plants in the family Araceae such as taxonomy, nomenclature, botany, pollination, horticulture, ethnobotany, literature, and art, as well as membership information for the IAS. http://www.aroid.org/

Match: All Any Format: Long Short Sort by: Score Time Title Reverse Score Reverse Time Reverse Title Search: The IXth International Aroid Symposium will be held between 21st - 26th November, 2004, in the Merdeka Hotel, Kuching, the state capital of Sarawak, Malaysia, in NW Borneo. For more information, please click here Now that the 26th Annual Show and Sale is over, take a look at the highlights here This database was compiled by Dr. Paul M. Resslar , Professor of Biology, and is being maintained on a server at Virginia Wesleyan College, Norfolk, Virginia. For more information about this incredible resource for searching the contents of your Aroideana journals, please click here The misson of the Aroid Trading Post is to foster the exchange of horticulturally desirable aroid propagations. For more information and to make your trades, please click here Members' Page - You can access IAS Newsletters here, as well as many other interesting and valuable membership features. If you are a member of the IAS, but do not have your password yet, please contact Scott Hyndman at hyndman@aroid.org

45. Ethnobotany Programme Postgraduate Programme in ethnobotany. Master of Science in ethnobotany. The Collaborating Institutions. Why study ethnobotany at Kent and Kew? http://www.kent.ac.uk/anthropology/courses/pgethno.html

UKC Home Page Anthropology Home Page CSAC DICE ... Kew Anthropology at Kent Postgraduate Programme in Ethnobotany The Department of Anthropology, University of Kent at Canterbury The Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Master of Science in Ethnobotany The Collaborating Institutions This programme draws on the combined strengths of three academic centres. At the University of Kent at Canterbury, the Department of Anthropology has pioneered research and teaching in ethnobiology and human ecology; it has been rated excellent for Teaching, and its work in anthropological approaches to the environment flagged for excellence in the most recent HEFCE Research Assessment Exercise. The Durrell Institute for Conservation and Ecology (DICE) is known internationally for its work in the study and practical implementation of biodiversity management around the world. The Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew has unrivalled plant collections and botanical expertise, as well as long-standing global involvement with economic botany. All three partners are involved in major funded projects which have resulted in substantial published output. Members of staff have particular expertise in ethnobiological classification, historical ecology, computing applications, indigenous knowledge, ethnographic research methods, the human ecology of tropical subsistence systems, wildlife conservation, biodiversity management, agricultural change, sustainable development, economic botany and plant taxonomy. Regionally, we have relevant research experience in South East Asia, the Pacific, tropical South America, Mesoamerica, and sub-Saharan Africa.

46. Welcome To Lyon Arboretum Emphases in tropical plants, native Hawaiian plants, conservation biology, and Hawaiian ethnobotany. http://www.hawaii.edu/lyonarboretum/

Welcome to Lyon Arboretum Click here to enter http://lyonarboretu.tempwebpage.com/ mydomain.com - Register your domain name

47. Museum Homepage Concise history of both the Illini Shawnee, developed by a group of highschool students studying ethnobotany. http://www.schools.lth5.k12.il.us/bths-e/illiniwek.html

The Illiniwek and Shawnee of Southern Illinois "In 1673, the Illinois Confederacy included about twelve tribes: Kaskaskia, Maroa, Cahokia, Peoria, Tamaroa, Tapouaro, Coiracoentanon, Espeminka, Moingwena, Chinkoa, Chepoussa, and the Michigamea. "By 1700, all but the Cahokia, Kaskaskia, Michigamea, Peoria, and Tamaroa had disappeared from the territory, through either original misidentification (some of the groups designated as tribes may have been only subdivisions of a tribe) or absorption into other tribes. As their populations diminished, these tribes, too, merged: the Tamaroa and Michigamea joined the Kaskaskia, and the Cahokia merged with the Peoria. "With increasing pressure from the tribes on the East, as the Iroquois were forced West pushing the Great Lakes tribes ahead of them, the Illinois tribes concentrated in the face of hostilities. After a Kaskaskian Indian killed the Ottawa chief, Pontiac, in 1769, provoking enmity of the Lake tribes, the Illinois took refuge for a period with the French at the village of Kaskaskia. It was at this time that the Sauk, Fox, Kickapoo, and Potowatomi began to move into the territory vacated by the Illiniwek. "During the latter part of the eighteenth century, the remaining Illinois, their populations greatly diminished, inhabited an area along the Kaskaskia and Big Muddy rivers in southern Illinois, while some members of the combined tribes were moving across the Mississippi River into reservation lands on the Missouri Territory. "In 1832, the last of the Illinois lands were ceded to the United States government and the survivors withdrew across the Mississippi River. Only eight Kaskaskia warriors were included in the group that settled with the Peoria in Kansas. Two hundred Peoria and Kaskaskia were reported on the reservation in 1840. By 1851, the Indian agent reported that their tribal identification had been lost and only a few remained. By the end of the century, the Illiniwek were essentially gone except for the Peoria Indian Tribe of Oklahoma which numbered a little over 400 in 1956.

48. Poison Oak Botanical, toxicological and ethnobotany information, with photographs, on Toxicodendron diversilobum and other related and unrelated plant species containing the toxin urushiol. http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ww0802.htm

Wayne's Word Index Noteworthy Plants Trivia ... Search Volume 8 (Number 2) Summer 1999 Poison Oak More Than Just Scratching The Surface Modified from article in Herbalgram (American Botanical Council) Volume 34: 36-42, 1995 by W.P. Armstrong and W.L. Epstein, M.D. P oison oak ( Toxicodendron diversilobum ) and its eastern counterpart poison ivy ( T. radicans ) are two of the most notoriously painful plants in North America. [Note: These species were formerly placed in the genus Rhus See Raging Brush Fire In Southern California Smoke Cloud Over Southern California Brush Fire T he first published records of poison ivy in North America date back to the early 1600s in the writings of Captain John Smith. In fact, Captain Smith included an illustration of the plant and originated the common name because of its superficial resemblance to English ivy ( Hedera helix ) or Boston ivy ( Parthenocissus tricuspidata ). The name ivy or "hiedra" was also used by early Mexican settlers in California who mistakenly thought poison oak was a kind of ivy. A little-known subspecies of poison ivy, T. radicans

49. Medical Herbalism Ethnobotany Links ethnobotany. Aboriginal Trail in the Australian National Botanic Gardens (ANBG). American Indian ethnobotany Database, University of Michigan, USA. http://medherb.com/ETHNOBOT.HTM

Medical Herbalism: A Journal for the Clinical Practitioner Ethnobotany Aboriginal Trail in the Australian National Botanic Gardens (ANBG) American Indian Ethnobotany Database , University of Michigan, USA The Ethnobotany of Pinyon Juniper Woodlands , compiled by Peter T. Hraber, University of New Mexico Biology Department, Albuquerque, NM, USA. EthnoMedicinals Home Page . A page dedicated to the transfer of information on the use of natural products in traditional and modern medicine, maintained by Anthony R. Torkelson. Indigenous Plants and Native American Uses in the Northeast , by Tara Prindle, Connecticutt, USA. EthnobotDB . The original Ethnobotany database is an SQL-based database developed by James A. Duke and Stephen M. Beckstrom-Sternberg. It is housed at the National Germplasm Resources Laboratory (NGRL), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Department of Agriculture. The database contains 80,000 records of plant uses world-wide. FoodplantDB . This publication reviewed approximately 80 years of literature, back to around 1850, listing 1,112 species in 444 genera of plants among120 families, used for food by the North American Indians. MPNADB, Medicinal Plants of Native America

50. Seghea.com  Welcome To Seghea - Renaissance Personhood Information on Down Syndrome, genealogy, religion, prolife feminism, politics, homeschooling, music, adoption, martial arts, ethnobotany, Bible verses in many languages, photography, fractal images, digital landscapes, and free backgrounds from Pat Golix, a self-proclaimed Renaissance person. http://www.seghea.com

Theme Epitome Becky Pat ... Site Map Please sign our guestmap I Am A Proud Member Of: Phenomenal Women Of The Web Soli Deo Gloria January 22, 2000 About This Site This site is updated frequently. Every effort has been made to obtain permission to use any materials that originated elsewhere. If you see any material on this web site for which we do not have permission, please let us know, and we will correct it. We offer design services to folks interested in developing their own web pages. For more information, email the webmistress. We hope you enjoy these pages. WWW - Wondrous Web Women Join Now Ring Hub Random < Prev ... Next >> I am proud to be one of the Genuine Ladies Around the World! Prev Next List Rand ... Elegant Rose Webring This RingSurf Elegant Rose Webring Net Ring owned by Seghea Skip Next Next 5 Sites Random Site ... List Sites This A Room of One's Own Net Ring site owned by Pat Goltz Go to Next Site Go to Previous Site Go to a Random Site ... List All Sites Would you like to JOIN this ring? Ring Stats This Valued Site Of The Home-bound Ring is owned by Seghea Prev Skip Prev Prev 5 ... Next Powered by RingSurf Previous 5 Sites Skip Previous Previous ... List Sites This RingSurf Little Ring of Cottages Net Ring owned by Seghea The Family Friendly SiteRing This website is owned by Pat Goltz This SiteRing is owned by LongBraid Designs Previous List Random ... by Bravenet.com

51. ETHNOBOTANY LOPHOPHORA SALVIA DIVINORUM Lophophora , San Pedro, Salvia divinorum, Khat, Iboga and more welcome. You have entered knehnav s home page for those interested http://www.xs4all.nl/~knehnav/

Lophophora , San Pedro, Salvia divinorum, Khat and more welcome You have entered knehnav's home page for those interested in the cultivation Peyote, San Pedro, Salvia divinorum and other plantallies take a look at this non-dead tree page Grow your own Peyote-Lophophora San Pedro-Trichocereus Salvia divinorum Related links ... Khat this page is growing, if you want to feed it with relevant info: E-mail; knehnav@xs4all.nl about this page

52. Wildcrafting Ethical guidelines for wildcrafting of native plants of the southwest. http://anthro.fortlewis.edu/ethnobotany/baca/Wild.htm

The Ethical Wildcrafting of Native Plants of the Southwest Wildcrafting is Stewardship of the Earth Wildcrafting is the gathering of plant material from it's native "wild" environment. Wildcrafters need to be concerned about damaging or depleting our inheritance from nature. Wildcrafters are looking for a way to connect with nature for the day and finish with some plants for food, medicine, fiber or art. Here are some recommendations for wildcrafting with integrity. Always wildcraft with thoughts of beauty. Ask yourself how much more beautiful will this plant community be when I am finished gathering. (United Plant Savers 1998) Your first concern should be about the plant community and not how many plants you need. Do not upset undisturbed native soil because it is rare and precious. Strive for zero waste; take only as many plants you can reasonably use at one time. Leave mature seed producing plants to reproduce. Know which species are at risk in the bio-region. Approach natural ecosystems with thoughts of respect and be open to clues from the environment you are in.

53. "Community For Enlightened Living Homestead, Florida." A nondenominational Buddhist center in South Florida. http://www.ethnobotany.com/dharma/

Welcome to "Community for Enlightened Living; first order of American Buddha-dharma ". Calendar Teaching Information Online Books Store Resident Teacher info Primarily our Dharma center is established as non-sectarian multi-lineal gathering place for individuals in South Florida who would like to gather for practice, teachings and have a venue for making contact with other Buddhists in South Florida. Our Mission is to provide free teachings, housing for ordained Buddhists, for this we are taking donations and are always searching competent professional assistance Our Location is a lush tropical rare medical plant nursery in South Florida, which is also the private home of a couple of members. We open our home up for the dharma during scheduled time only. Some of our members do offer teachings, but that is not the primary focus of our fellowship. We really are trying to create an open house meeting place to develop sound relationships with each other. Once a month on Saturday we try to have a friendly "barbecue" where individuals can come and sit under the shade of our trees and get to know one another. If interested in teachings sitting schedule and other events please look at our calendar of events. Calendar Teaching Information Online Books Store Resident Teacher info Below is our contact information, please remember this is a private home and the number listed is a business number since we are not

54. Hawaiian Ethnobotany Online Database Aloha and welcome to Bishop Museum s ethnobotany Web Page. Please browse the cultural and scientific information about 145 plants http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/ethnobotanydb/index.asp

Aloha and welcome to Bishop Museum's Ethnobotany Web Page. Please browse the cultural and scientific information about 145 plants commonly used in traditional Hawaiian culture. More information, plants, and pictures are coming soon. Search by Hawaiian names or scientific names. There isn't a one-to-one match but we've followed experts such as Mary Kawena Pukui, Isabella Abbott, and Beatrice Krauss as much as possible. See our reference page for further reading and additional websites that you might find interesting. Contact Us Bishop Museum Home Mahalo nui to all the people who have helped with ideas and time: Lahela Perry, Clyde Imada, Barb Kennedy, Deborah Woodcock, Mei Lyn Kalima, Keoni Kuoha, Krisi Ouchi, Arturo Morales, Carolyn Ewing, and Vicky Takamine

55. Agathis Australis Description , range, dendrochronologic studies, ethnobotany, and paleobotany.......New Zealand kauri tree http://www.botanik.uni-bonn.de/conifers/ar/ag/australis.htm

'Mother' tree and offspring, Nature Loop, Puketi Forest. Large tree about 3 m diameter [C.J. Earle, Mar-2003]. The 'Square Kauri', a large tree near the crest of the Coromandel Peninsula. Observation platform at base of tree gives scale [C.J. Earle, Mar-2003]. Bark on a tree 20 cm diameter, Kaueranga Valley [C.J. Earle, Mar-2003]. Bark on a large tree; view about 50 cm across [C.J. Earle, Mar-2003]. Branch abscision on a tree 15 cm diameter [C.J. Earle, Mar-2003]. Foliage from the crown of the Square Kauri [C.J. Earle, Mar-2003]. New foliage on an epicormic shoot; tree in Kaueranga Valley [C.J. Earle, Mar-2003]. Foliage and cone (Hortus Botanicus Catinensis 2000). Distribution map ( Metcalf 2002 Trees in mixed forest above Waihoanga Gorge, Puketi Forest. Globular crown of a large kauri is outlined in red. Pyramidal crowns of a stand of young kauris are outlined in blue [C.J. Earle, Mar-2003]. Tane Mahuta, currently thought to be the largest living kauri, in Waipoua Forest. In Maori cosmology, Tane is the son of Ranginui the Sky Father and Papatuanuku the Earth Mother. Tane tore his parents apart, breaking their primal embrace, to bring light, space and air and allowing life to flourish. Tane is the lifegiver - all living creatures are his children (Department of Conservation sign at the tree). Canoe at Waitangi Treaty Grounds, made from two kauri logs [C.J. Earle, Mar-2003].

56. Ethnobotany Program At The University Of Hawaii The ethnobotany Program at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. What are some suggested readings in ethnobotany? Return to ethnobotany Program Home Page. http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/ethnobotany/Questions/readings.htm

The Ethnobotany Program at the University of Hawaii at Manoa What are some suggested readings in ethnobotany? Recommended minimum library for ethnobotanists (books that should be owned and dog-eared): Alexiades, M.N. 1996. Editor of Selected Guidelines for Ethnobotanical Research: A Field Manual . The New York Botanical Garden, New York. Cotton, C.M. 1996. Ethnobotany: Principles and Applications Greaves, T. 1994. Intellectual Property Rights for Indigenous Peoples: A Source Book . Society for Applied Anthropology, Oklahoma City. Mabberley, D. J. 1987 (1997). The Plant-Book: A portable dictionary of the vascular plants . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Martin, G.J. 1995. Ethnobotany: A Methods Manual Plants of the Gods: Origins of Hallucinogenic Use . McGraw-Hill, New York. Spradley, J.P. 1980. Participant Observation Classics that should be read at least once and probably owned: Anderson, E. 1952 (1967, 1997). Plants, Man and Life . Little Brown and Company, Boston. Berlin, B. 1992.

57. Taxus Description of the genus, including taxonomy, range, ethnobotany, and other topics.......Common name yew. http://www.botanik.uni-bonn.de/conifers/ta/ta/index.htm

Range of the genus Taxus choose a species: T. baccata T. brevifolia T. canadensis T. cuspidata T. floridana T. globosa T. sumatrana Taxus Linnaeus 1753 Common Names Yew (1). Taxonomic notes Seven species in this treatment. The species of Taxus are more geographically than morphologically separable; they were all treated by Pilger (3) as subspecies of T. baccata . All species are poisonous; most contain the anti-cancer agent taxol; and a study of heartwood constituents of T. baccata, T. brevifolia, T. cuspidata and T. floridana found them to be chemically almost identical (4). However, the vast ecological amplitude displayed by the various described species (over 60° of latitude and an impressive temperature and precipitation range) suggests that they are, in a meaningful sense, true species. "Detailed study of the genus (not neglecting the cultivated representatives), including extensive fieldwork, is much needed and long overdue" (2). There are hundreds of yew cultivars (4). Description "Trees or shrubs, dioecious or monoecious. Bark reddish brown, scaly. Branches ascending to drooping; twigs irregularly alternate, green or yellow-green when young, reddish brown in age. Leaves often appearing 2-ranked, flexible; stomates abaxial, in 2 broad, pale bands; apex soft-pointed, mucronate, not sharp to touch; resin canal absent. Pollen cones globose, yellowish, with 4 - 16 peltate sporophylls, each bearing 2 - 9 sporangia. Ovule 1. Seed maturing in 1 season, brown; aril scarlet to orange-scarlet, soft, mucilaginous, thick, cup-shaped, open at apex, exposing hard seed coat; albumen uniform.

58. CNN - Ethnobotanist Presses For Preservation Of Tribal Knowledge - January 3, 20 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/NATURE/01/03/ethnobotany.enn/index.html

[an error occurred while processing this directive] MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. LOCAL ... daily almanac MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists. Enter your address: document.write(' '); Or: Get a free e-mail account E-MAIL DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: AsiaNow Svenska Norge Danmark ... Italian FASTER ACCESS: europe japan TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: more networks transcripts SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Ethnobotanist presses for preservation of tribal knowledge The late Samoan healer Mariana Lilo is pictured here preparing a water solution of Homalanthus nutans, from which the anti-AIDS drug prostratin was discovered. January 3, 2000 Web posted at: 11:33 a.m. EST (1633 GMT) By John Roach Tribal knowledge kept by indigenous cultures, crucial in matters of conservation and healing, is an endangered species owing to the rapid expansion of Western technology and customs, ethnobotanist Paul Cox suggests in the Jan. 7 issue of Science Yet, as the new century dawns, he sees hope. "If we are thoughtful, I think we can use technology to support rather than erode indigenous cultures," said Cox, who works at the National Tropical Botanical Garden in Kauai, Hawaii.

59. Foraging And Ethnobotany Links Page A page of annotated links to sites on foraging and ethnobotany. Also has subpage on Clams and Clamming. Click here for http//www http://www.foraging.com/

Click here for http://www.panix.com/~paleodiet/foraging/

60. Ethnobotany Describes both food and medicinal uses of plants, listed alphabetically by scientific name. http://www.anthro.mankato.msus.edu/cultural/ethnoarchaeology/ethnobotany/

Prickly Pear Food Uses: A C E,F G,H ... T,U,V,Z Medical Uses: A B C D ... To Ethnozoology

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