21. Araucariaceae Description of the family, including geographic distribution, taxonomy, ethnobotany, and paleobotany....... http://www.botanik.uni-bonn.de/conifers/ar/index.htm

Phylogenetic relationships within the Araucariaceae inferred from rbcL gene sequences (after Kershaw and Wagstaff 2001 choose a genus: Agathis Araucaria Wollemia Araucariaceae Common Names Araucaria family. Taxonomic notes Three genera with 40 species. Some authors elevate the family to the level of an order, Araucariales Heintze (1927). Relationships within the family, long contested (see the Agathis and Araucaria descriptions), have recently been elucidated by genetic (rbcL) analyses performed on 29 species within the family (Setoguchi et al. 1998). Phylogenetic trees for these analyses agree that all three genera are monophyletic and that Wollemia is the most primitive of the three. Within Araucaria , the four sections previously recognized ( Araucaria, Bunya, Eutacta , and Intermedia ) are supported, but relationships within Agathis remain somewhat unclear (see Agathis for more information). "The New Caledonian Araucaria and Agathis species each formed a monophyletic group with very low differentiation in rbcL sequences among them, indicating rapid adaptive radiation to new edaphic conditions, i.e., ultramafic soils, in the post-Eocene era" (

22. Medical Herbalism Ethnobotany Links Links to ehtnobotany resources for medicinal herbs Database, University of Michigan, USA. The ethnobotany of Pinyon Juniper Woodlands, compiled by Peter T The original ethnobotany database is http://www.medherb.com/ETHNOBOT.HTM

Medical Herbalism: A Journal for the Clinical Practitioner Ethnobotany Aboriginal Trail in the Australian National Botanic Gardens (ANBG) American Indian Ethnobotany Database , University of Michigan, USA The Ethnobotany of Pinyon Juniper Woodlands , compiled by Peter T. Hraber, University of New Mexico Biology Department, Albuquerque, NM, USA. EthnoMedicinals Home Page . A page dedicated to the transfer of information on the use of natural products in traditional and modern medicine, maintained by Anthony R. Torkelson. Indigenous Plants and Native American Uses in the Northeast , by Tara Prindle, Connecticutt, USA. EthnobotDB . The original Ethnobotany database is an SQL-based database developed by James A. Duke and Stephen M. Beckstrom-Sternberg. It is housed at the National Germplasm Resources Laboratory (NGRL), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Department of Agriculture. The database contains 80,000 records of plant uses world-wide. FoodplantDB . This publication reviewed approximately 80 years of literature, back to around 1850, listing 1,112 species in 444 genera of plants among120 families, used for food by the North American Indians. MPNADB, Medicinal Plants of Native America

23. Taxus Baccata Description European, English, or common yew. Taxonomy, description, range, ethnobotany, and other information. http://www.botanik.uni-bonn.de/conifers/ta/ta/baccata.htm

Foliage and pollen cones from an ornamental tree, Seattle (USA) [C.J. Earle, Mar-1999]. Taxus baccata Linnaeus Common Names European, English, or common yew ( Hartzell 1991 Taxonomic notes The hybrid T. baccata T. cuspidata is Hils 1993 ). All yew species are quite similar. Pilger (1916) described them all as subspecies of T. baccata , reserving subspecies eubaccata for the populations treated here. Description Range Britain to N Iran ( Silba 1986 ); widely cultivated in North America ( Hils 1993 ). It occurs in Croatia, where it is protected by law. Big Tree The Fortingall Yew in Perthshire, Scotland, has a nominal girth of 15.8 m. The trunk is riven in two halves and much of the heartwood is gone, so this figure implies a substantially greater basal area than the tree in fact possesses. It appears (based in a photograph in [ Hartzell 1991 ]) to be about 13 m tall with a crown spread of about 20 m ( Hartzell 1991 Data on two other U.K. trees are: 29 m tall and 89 cm dbh for a tree at Belvoir Castle, Leics.; and 13 m tall, 334 cm dbh for a tree at Ulcombe Church, Kent (Mitchell et al.

24. LER's Ethnobotany Introduction Page. Legendary Ethnobotanical Resources, what is ethnobotany page online books and seeds. What is ethnobotany and why is it so important? http://www.ethnobotany.com/ethno.html

What is Ethnobotany and why is it so important? 16245 sw 304 st, Homestead, Fl 33033 Phone: (305) 242-0877 Fax: (305) 242-9789 Go to our home page at: www.ethnobotany.com E-Mail: info@ethnobotany.com Herbs, Herbal Products, Oils, Extracts, Coffee, Tea, Books, And specializing in Rare Ethnobotanical Seeds and Plants. What is Ethnobotany and why is it so important? Ethnobotany also traces the development of modern Medicine and Herbalism, the Paper Industry, The Chemical Industry, Rubber Industry and as mentioned above the Food Industry. Every year new species are being discovered or are being reconsidered for modern applications in all the above Industries and Sciences. It has now become a concern of the modern world to preserve and gather all information on the utility of these plant species. And this research is not beyond the reach of the common person, it is just often times over looked, for instance; Do you know the herbal remedies that say your grandmother or great grandmother used to for illnesses? Do you know how they harvested, dyed and made fabric from simple cotton or flax? If not then you can see why this science is most important. Our purpose primarily is to maintain a living herbaria of some of the more rare species of Ethnobotanical interests. By preserving seeds and plants and by offering them to private individuals, Educational Institutions, Research facilities and the Business sectors, hopefully these plants will be kept from extinction and will find a much broader application in our modern society.

25. Journal Of Ethnobiology Original research in ethnobiology (ethnobotany, ethnozoology) including folk biological classification/nomenclature, traditional environmental knowledge, ethnoecology, indigenous natural resource management, plant/animal domestication, zooarchaeology, archaeological botany, and medical/nutritional ethnobiology. http://ethnobiology.org/journal/

Current Issue How to Subscribe How to Order Back Issues Index of Journal Articles (1981-1999) Current Issue How to Subscribe How to Order Back Issues Index of Journal Articles (1981-1999) ... Contacting the Editor

26. Ethnobotany Program At The University Of Hawaii The ethnobotany Program at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Courses, A list of courses and their descriptions which have relevance to the field of ethnobotany. http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/ethnobotany/

The Ethnobotany Program at the University of Hawaii at Manoa Courses A list of courses and their descriptions which have relevance to the field of ethnobotany. Faculty The University's faculty and affiliated collaborators. Students A list of students currently studying ethnobotanical problems. General Information General information, primarily for students interested in our program. Ethnobiology Society at UH A student led organization concerned with the advocation for traditional and biocultural resources. Contact My Lien Building Bridges Summit Conference Program with daily schedule, time tables and abstracts of all sessions is available. Hui Konohiki Program A joint program of the School for Hawaiian, Asian and Pacific Studies (through its Hawaiian Studies Program), the College of Natural Sciences (through its Botany Department and Biology Program), Outreach College, Lyon Arboretum and the Waikiki Aquarium. Return to: Department of Botany Home Page Last Updated:

27. Ayahuasca SpiritQuest: Listening To The Plants - Transformational Ayahuasca Work A workshop retreat focusing on ethnobotany and shamanic ayahuasca healing practices in the Peruvian Amazon, instructed by curanderos, indigenous people, and scientists. http://www.biopark.org/sprtqu3.html

Ayahuasca SpiritQuest Listening To The Plants Illuminating workshop retreats exploring traditional shamanic ayahuasca healing practices and multi-disciplinary entheobotany "A superb opportunity to safely encounter genuine grassroots Amazonian shamanism at it's core" expertly facilitated by El Tigre Journeys since 1997 Translate from English to French English to German English to Italian English to Portuguese English to Spanish What is Ayahuasca SpiritQuest? SpiritQuest is an educational personal growth experience which introduces you to the unique natural environment, cultures, and people of the Peruvian Amazon within a safe, sensitive, intellectual and spiritual framework. SpiritQuest immerses you in the authentic grassroots shamanic culture of western Amazonia, enabling a deeper understanding of self and the unique plant healing practices for which the upper Amazon is renowned. Our perspectives on life, death, nature, plants, wildlife, people, culture, medicine, healing, the spirit world, and their intrinsic interrelationship will be enriched and expanded by the knowledge, wisdom, and sage practices shared with us by our gifted curanderos. Open enrollment is usually limited to twelve participants per workshop to insure optimal attention to individual needs and interests. You do not have to be part of a group in order to enroll...you will quickly become a part of our family here in Amazonia with new friends who will last a lifetime.

28. Ethnobotany Definition What is ethnobotany and why is it important? The aim of ethnobotany is to study how and why people use and conceptualize plants in their local environments. http://anthro.fortlewis.edu/ethnobotany/ethno2.htm

What is Ethnobotany and why is it important? The aim of Ethnobotany is to study how and why people use and conceptualize plants in their local environments. The two questions most asked are (1) how and in what ways people use nature and (2) how and in what ways people view nature. Ethnobotanists gather data mainly from living peoples in hopes of gathering a view of their past existence as well as an understanding of present uses of plants for food, medicine, construction materials, and tools. Ethnobotanical research can be a door into cultural realities as well as a way to understand the future of human relationships with this land we call Turtle Island, Bear's Back, and the Earth (Salmon 1999). The historical dimensions of ethnobotany that were largely listings of plants, names, and uses play a role in contemporary approaches to traditional plant knowledge. Most past researchers did not regard what the people thought about plants as important. The situation today is that researchers would like to include conceptualizations of plants in their studies, but do not have the methods to do this. This does not criticize ethnobotany, but rather attempts to build the framework upon which new methodological approaches can be explored. The first section briefly discusses the history of the definition of ethnobotany, then moves to a discussion of the primary methods of field research. This is followed by an overview of the recent flowering of the concept of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and its influence on ethnobotanical research and methods.

29. Institute Of Plant Ecology The institute conducts research and teaching in plant ecology, particularly ecophysiology and ethnobotany. http://www.uni-muenster.de/Biologie/pflanzenoekologie/

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30. Ethnobotany The ethnobotany laboratory houses extensive collections of domesticated plants from around the world as well as specimens recovered from archaeological sites. http://www.umma.lsa.umich.edu/ethnobotany/ethnobotany.html

The Ethnobotany laboratory houses extensive collections of domesticated plants from around the world as well as specimens recovered from archaeological sites. The laboratory produces analysis reports for submitted specimens. A list of these reports is available in Adobe Acrobat format. Lists are approximately 126K in size. Download a free You may also be interested in The Society for Economic Botany

31. Plants Of The Machiguenga A combination travelogue and scientific inquiry into medicinal uses of rain forest plants. Neurologist Ethan Russo examines the ethnobotany, anthropology, and wildlife of this Amazonian tribe in Parque Nacional del Manu. http://www.montana.com/manu/

In November, 1995, Dr. Ethan Russo, a neurologist, spent two months in Eastern Peru's rainforest looking for plants to treat headaches. You'll find photos of the plants he gathered here, along with botanical and medicinal information about them. You'll also find photos of birds, people and the rich forests of Peru. For a scholarly look at medicinal plants of Peru, click the button below labeled article, which will will link you to an article by Russo published in the Journal of Ethnopharmocology. If you would like further information on Dr. Russo's research, please e-mail Russo . If you would like to read about the plans to continue research, click the bottom marked research info. The photos throughout this site are under Enjoy this virtual tour of the rainforest. Web design comments to: Tracy Stone-Manning

32. Wild Food Adventures - Edible Plant Expertise, Workshops, Publications Edible plant expertise, workshops, expeditions, recreation, and research. Wild food training/presentations on Native American ethnobotany, survival, sustainability, simplicity, and gleaning. http://www.wildfoodadventures.com/

Edible Plants, Wild Foods and Other Foragables of North America. Expertise, Workshops, Training, Research, Curriculum Development, Newsletter. John Kallas, Director. We take people into nature and show them how to use wild plants and other foragables for food. "Stalking the wild asparagus" with... Wild Food Adventures Institute for the Study of Edible Wild Plants and Other Foragables John Kallas, Ph.D., Director, Educator, Researcher 4125 N Colonial Ave, Portland, OR 97217-3338 Phone: (503) 775-3828 e-mail: mail@wildfoodadventures.com You are here: http://www.wildfoodadventures.com Wild Food Intensives Help us Communicate with You If you want regular updates on wild food events, books and publications, E-mail us leaving your name, mailing address, and phone number. If you'd like, also tell us why you are interested in wild edible plants. Wild Food Adventures Provides expertise in wild edible plants through workshops, expeditions, teaching events, presentations, outdoor guiding, and outfitting anywhere in North America. Technical advising, curriculum development, and custom research services are also available. Emphasis is on the past, present, and future uses of wild edible plants and other foragables. We also offer publications: the Wild Food Adventurer newsletter, a national publication on wild foods. The Wild Food Primer, a guide to studying wild foods. And a bookstore complete with reviews of the best books available.

33. Ethnobotany Of The Middle Columbia Native Americans ethnobotany of the Middle Columbia River Native Americans Intro. Plant list Intro Patterns of subsistence Caretakers of the land http://www.cwnp.org/ethnobot2.html

Ethnobotany of the Middle Columbia River Native Americans Intro Plant list Intro Patterns of subsistence Caretakers of the land ... Current issues and links People have lived in Central Washington for over 12,500 years. Before contact with European cultures people lived in close proximity to the Columbia River, and journeyed up the valleys and into the Columbia Plataeu for seasonal hunting and gathering trips. People lived in very small groups, made up of close family ties. These groups might have been composed of 2 to 15 people that travelled to hunting and gathering grounds together. As time went on the population of this area expanded and people began to form small bands, and occupy small villages. Tribal groups in this area include Salishan speaking people to the north- the Methow (Mitois, Chiliwists), Entiat (Sinialkumuhs, Point de Bois), Chelan (Tsill-anes) Wenatchee (Pisquows, Wenatchi), Sinkiuse (Kawachens, Moses Columbia, Isle des Pierres), and Shahaptian speaking groups to the south- the Wanapums (Sakulks) and the now extinct groups of Pshwahwapam and Mical. This area is thought to have sustained at least 20,000 to 30,000 Native Americans before infectious diseases, war, and the reservation system decimated the population.

34. Gail E Detailed profile of this University of South Carolina Associate Professor. Research interests include prehistoric archaeology of eastern North America and ethnobotany. http://www.cla.sc.edu/ANTH/Faculty/Wagnerg/index.htm

Ph.D. 1987, Washington University - St. Louis Location: Hamilton College Room 300, Phone number: (803) 777-6548 My fields of study are the prehistoric archaeology of eastern North America and ethnobotany (the study of the interrelationships between plants and peoples). My current projects in ethnobotany include a study of homegardening in South Carolina (with student participation), plant use through time in South Carolina (paleoethnobotany see Ancient Gardening ), and seasoncal choice of diet in a late prehistoric society in southwestern Ohio. In archaeology, my interests are focused on late prehistoric/contact Indian societies in the southeast and foodways (food in a social and cultural setting). As part of a long-term project examining the rise and fall of the chiefdom of Cofitachequi in central South Carolina, I run a summer field school for undergraduate and graduate students. As a paleoethnobotanist, I maintain a lab and accept outside contracts to analyse macrobotanical plant remains from eastern U.S. sites. For over 20 years I have been involved in re-creating Indian gardens and researching flotation recovery techniques. I teach courses in ethnobotany, principles of archaeology, North American prehistory, archaeological lab methods, field work, surveying, ethics, and human evolution. ANCIENT GARDENING Wateree Archaeological Research Project (W.A.R.P.)

35. Ethnobotany Prickly Pear. Food Uses A C E,F G,H J,K,L,M N,O P Q,R,S T,U,V,Z. Medical Uses A B C D E F,G H I J,K L M,N O,P Q,R S T U,V,W,X,Y,Z. Some Unknowns. To Ethnozoology. http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/ethnoarchaeology/ethnobotany/index.shtml

Prickly Pear Food Uses: A C E,F G,H ... T,U,V,Z Medical Uses: A B C D ... To Ethnozoology

36. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: Home Page Housing the largest living plant collection in the world, Kew Gardens also undertakes reaserch into taxonomy, economic and ethnobotany and conservation. http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/

Search the Kew website: or see the site map Legal and other notices (including privacy statement) Contact Us Search ... Site Map

37. Hike Maui – Hiking Maui Eco Tour Adventure: Walking, Whale Watching, Snorkeling Guides weave geology, botany, ethnobotany and history into the fun of hiking. Includes itineraries, fees, photos, FAQs, reservation and contact information. http://www.hikemaui.com/

Called the "grandfather of ecotourism," Hike Maui has offered naturalist-led hikes into Maui's wilderness since 1983. Our Story Our Guides Our Hikes Comments ... Directions Why Hike Maui? Experience We're the oldest, most experienced hiking company in the state. We are the wilderness experts. We started by living off the land in Maui's jungle in the early 1980s (read " Our Story "). Now we have ten big, expensive vans, way too much insurance and fifteen very knowledgeable hiking guides. Best Guides Described as "walking encyclopedias," our guides are considered the best on Maui (read " Our Guides "). They include: a marine biologist a professor of ethnobotany and botany two (former) national park rangers an expert on whales, dolphins and turtles two wildlife biologists a (former) physics teacher Safety In two decades, we've never had a major mishap. All guides are CPR and First Aid certified. We have permits and permission to hike to more places on public and private lands than any other Maui tour company. Favorite Quotes from a stack of articles: "

38. Chris Howkins - UK Ethnobotanist, Writer, Publisher And Illustrator Researcher, writer, lecturer, and publisher of books on British ethnobotany covering trees and herbaceous plants in the social history context. Describes his books and talks with news and views. http://www.chrishowkins.com/

Ethnobotany books and talks from Chris Howkins www.chrishowkins.com Home Ethnobotany Books ... Sitemap Chris Howkins - UK Ethnobotanist, Writer, Publisher and Illustrator 70 Grange Road, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3RH, UK Tel +44 (0) 1932 344216 chowkins@chrishowkins.com webmaster

39. Picea Description of the genus of the spruce tree, including taxonomy, range, ethnobotany, and the largest and oldest known specimens. Links to information on some species....... http://www.botanik.uni-bonn.de/conifers/pi/pic/index.htm

Range of Picea Vidakovic 1991 choose a species: P. abies P. alcoquiana P. asperata P. brachytyla P. breweriana P. chihuahuana P. crassifolia P. engelmannii P. farreri P. glauca P. glehnii P. jezoensis P. koraiensis P. koyamai P. likiangensis P. mariana P. martinezii P. maxomowiczii P. meyeri P. morrisonicola P. neoveitchii P. obovata P. omorika P. orientalis P. pungens P. purpurea P. retroflexa P. rubens P. schrenkiana P. sitchensis P. smithiana P. spinulosa P. torano P. wilsonii Picea A. Dietrich 1824 Common Names abies Taxonomic notes The genus is related most closely to Pinus , but differs markedly even from that. It is a very uniform genus, clearly monophyletic with no aberrant species, so generic segregation has never been suggested ( Farjon 1990 ). There are 33 species treated here, though a careful re-evaluation of the poorly-studied East Asian taxa would probably reduce this number ( Farjon 1990 Sigurgeirsson and Szmidt 1993 ). Classification within the genus is problematic, and no fully satisfactory phylogeny has yet been worked out despite numerous attempts ( Wright 1955 Bobrov 1970 Liu 1982 Page and Hollands 1987 ... Sigurgeirsson and Szmidt 1993 ). Extensive hybrid introgression and gene exchange between a number of species complicates the research; few spruces have well-established barriers to hybridisation.

40. People And Plants Online - Links Links. The Royal Botanic Gardens website service on economic botany provides a splendid set of ethnobotany links. This has been compiled http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/peopleplants/links.htm

Main About Us Publications and Videos Regions and Themes ... Feedback Links The Royal Botanic Gardens website service on economic botany provides a splendid set of ethnobotany links. The internet is an increasingly rich resource, but the good sites can become swamped by those that have thin or inaccurate content, or which become out-of-date. We have selected websites that are both current and rich in information Some other sites of interest: CIFOR Plantlife Planta Europa Plant Talk ... WWF research centre Comments, and suggestions of further sites, are welcome, and should be sent to: Mark Nesbitt , Centre for Economic Botany, Kew. Financial support for the current phase of People and Plants is provided by the Department for International Development (UK) , and the Darwin Initiative People and Plants Co-ordinator: Alan Hamilton, WWF-UK, Panda House, Weyside Park, Catteshall Lane, Godalming, Surrey GU7 1XR, UK People and Plants Online © WWF, UNESCO and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Links to other websites cited in People and Plants Online do not imply endorsement of these sites or their content by the People and Plants Initiative or its sponsoring institutions

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