21. African Studies Centre - Constructions Of Diversity In Post-colonial Eritrea: Hi ASC Programme in 1999. Seminar, Constructions of diversity in postcolonialeritrea history, languages and literature. Speaker * Dr http://asc.leidenuniv.nl/events/event564981992.htm

ASC Programme in 1999 Seminar Constructions of diversity in post-colonial Eritrea: history, languages and literature. Speaker: * Dr. Ghirmai Negash, University of Leiden. * Dr. Yemane Mesghenna, Asmara University. * Dr. Sandra Ponzanesi, University of Utrecht. * Prof. John Markakis, University of Crete, Greece. Information: A joint seminar on Eritrea, organised by the African Studies Centre (ASC) and the Centre for Non-Western Studies (CNWS), Leiden University. This seminar will host four scholars who will discuss issues of history, identity and linguistic diversity in post-1941 Eritrea. In a historical perspective, the newly won independence of Eritrea from Ethiopia (1993) has posed new and interesting challenges to understanding national identity and ethno- linguistic diversity in the country. In this context the various speakers will discuss aspects of the social, cultural and literary changes that were visible in Eritrea in the post-1941 era, and reflect from a historical and cultural perspective on the chances and challenges of interpreting and dealing with unity, diversity and identity, also in contemporary Eritrea. Date: Thursday 10 June 1999 Time: Place: Room 1A27, Pieter de la Court building, Wassenaarseweg 52, Leiden.

22. WHKMLA : History Of Eritrea, 1939-1952 EXTERNAL FILES, Articles from Infoplease eritrea history of Eritrea, from Eritrea.netLinks to Eritrean History, from Eritrea.net and from Looksmart, and from http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/eastafrica/eritrea193952.html

Eritrea On the Right : British Stamp overprinted B.M.A. (= British Military Administration) Eritrea On the Left : British Stamp overprinted B.A. (= British Administration) Eritrea World War II and British Occupation In June 1940, under the impression of Germany's quick victory over France, Italy entered World War II on Germany's side. Italian forces occupied British Somaliland. In 1941, the British launched a counteroffensive, from Kenya, Sudan and Aden. The Italian forces surrendered that year; Italian Eastern Africa, and with it Eritrea, came inder British military administration (BMA). In Ethiopia, Negus Haile Selassie (ousted by the Italians in 1936; he had stayed in exile in London 1936-1941) returned to power. He pushed for Eritrea to be annexed to Ethiopia, to give the landlocked country access to the sea. The idea was welcomed by Eritrea's christian clergy. In 1952, the UN (Britain held Eritrea only as a mandate) decided that Eritrea and Ethiopia should be federated; the federation became fact in 1952; Eritrea became an autonomous region within the Empire of Ethiopia. EXTERNAL FILES Articles from Infoplease : Eritrea History of Eritrea, from

23. History Of Eritrea History of Eritrea. Eritrea officially celebrated its independenceon May 24, 1993. Prior to Italian colonization in 1885, what is http://www.fact-index.com/h/hi/history_of_eritrea.html

Main Page See live article Alphabetical index History of Eritrea Eritrea officially celebrated its independence on May 24 . Prior to Italian colonization in , what is now Eritrea had been ruled by the various local or international powers that successively dominated the Red Sea region. In , the Italians used Eritrea as a springboard for their disastrous attempt to conquer Ethiopia . Eritrea was placed under British military administration after the Italian surrender in World War II . In , a UN resolution federating Eritrea with Ethiopia went into effect. The resolution ignored Eritrean pleas for independence but guaranteed Eritreans some democratic rights and a measure of autonomy. Almost immediately after the federation went into effect, however, these rights began to be abridged or violated. In , Emperor Haile Sellassie unilaterally dissolved the Eritrean parliament and annexed the country, sparking the Eritrean fight for independence that continued after Haile Sellassie was ousted in a coup in . The new Ethiopian Government, called the Derg, was a Marxist military junta led by strongman Mengistu Haile Mariam During the , the Eritrean independence struggle was led by the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF). In

24. Eritrea History Translate this page Eritrea liegt am Horn von Afrika und ist der jüngste Staat Afrikas mit einersehr wechselvollen Historie und einer sehr alten Kultur, die bereits zu http://www.asmarino.de/eritrea_history.html

25. Eritrea Africa Eritrea History Books Book Online Books Shopping Store Eritrea Africa eritrea history Books Book Online Books Shopping Store Yourone stop shopping place for all Books and Magazines Online Shopping. http://www.booksmags.com/books/shop3942/Books/Eritrea/

Home Books Magazines e-Books ... Links Coupons, Today's Deal and Specials Featured Categories Belloc, Hilaire General Germanic Languages Gilliam, Richard ... Owen, Ruth Shop By Merchant AllworthPress Audible.com DiscoveryStore EBooks Entrepreneur FamilyChristianStores HalfPriceComputerBooks Hallmark HazeldenBookplace Ignatius JandR MagazineCity Magazines.com MagMall Maps.com Motorbooks NBAFMagazine TeacherCreated TheNewYorkTimes Things From Another World ValueMags Algeria Angola Benin Botswana ... Zimbabwe Featured Items Porsche: Excellence Was Expected: The Comprehensive History of the Company, its Cars and its Racing Heritage Lady Whistledown Strikes Back The New Pearl Harbor: Disturbing Questions About the Bush Administration and 9/11 Architectural Graphic Standards for Residential Construction ... Raving Fans : A Revolutionary Approach To Customer Service Product Search: In Eritrea Books Magazines All Products Home History Africa Eritrea ... Display Images Hide Images (Text Only) Eritrea's War Amazon.com Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia and Eritrea Amazon.com From Guerrillas to Government: The Eritrean People's Liberation Front (Eastern African Studies (London, England).)

26. Eritrea -- History eritrea history. The former Italian colony of eritrea was merged into Ethiopia in a federal arrangement brokered by the UN in 1952 and incorporated fully into Ethiopia ten years later. http://expedition.bensenville.lib.il.us/Africa/Eritrea/history.htm

Eritrea - History Information taken from World Travel Guide ( http://www.wtg-online.com

27. Atlas - Eritrea Map Including map and overview of history, culture, economy and currency. http://atlas.freegk.com/world/africa/eritrea/eritrea.php

Introduction People History Culture ... Disputes Eritrea Introduction Back to Top Eritrea, independent state in Africa, bordered on the east by the Red Sea, on the south-east by Djibouti, on the south and west by Ethiopia, and on the north and north-west by Sudan. Formerly under Italian control, Eritrea was taken over by Britain during World War II and was a British protectorate from 1941 until 1952, when it was federated with Ethiopia. The creation of an Ethiopian unitary state in 1962, in which Eritrea was incorporated as a province, helped to provoke a long war of liberation that culminated in Eritrean independence in 1993. Eritrea has an area of 121,144 sq km (46,774 sq mi). Asmera is the capital and largest city. Official Name- State of Eritrea Capital City- Asmara Languages- Arabic, Tigrinya and other dialects Official Currency -Nafka Religions- Christian, Muslim, others Population -3,901,000 Land Area -93,680 sq km (36,170 sq miles) Eritrea Provinces Back to Top 8 provinces (singular - awraja); Akale Guzay, Barka, Denkel, Hamasen, Sahil, Semhar, Senhit, Seraye In May 1995 the National Assembly adopted a resolution stating that the administrative structure of Eritrea, which had been established by former colonial powers, would consist of only six provinces when the new constitution, then being drafted, became effective in 1997; the new provinces, the names of which had not been recommended by the US Board on Geographic Names for recognition by the US Government, pending acceptable definition of the boundaries, were: Anseba, Debub, Debubawi Keyih Bahri, Gash-Barka, Maakel, and Semanawi Keyih Bahri; more recently, it has been reported that these provinces have been redesignated regions and renamed Southern Red Sea, Northern Red Sea, Anseba, Gash-Barka, Southern, and Central

28. Ethiopia History | Lonely Planet World Guide Ethiopia history. In 1962 emperor Haile Selassie annexed eritrea, sparking a guerillafightback by the disgruntled eritreans which would last 30 years. http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/africa/ethiopia/history.htm

home search help worldguide ... Related Weblinks Ethiopia History Ethiopia has been around for a very long time. The country's Rift Valley is known as the cradle of humanity - fossils of the oldest known upright hominid, the 3.5-million-year-old 'Lucy', were found here in 1974. Ethiopians have a record of their rulers that stretches back 5000 years, and although this is not supported by other records, you can find Biblical passages which record Ethiopian episodes around 1000 BC. The Queen of Sheba's son, Menelik I, is regarded as the first emperor of Ethiopia - his dynasty ended with Haile Selassie, who ruled from 1930 until 1974. According to local tradition, ancient Ethiopians were Jews, and a community of Ethiopian Jews lived in the country until the late 1980s, when the last of them moved to Israel. Christianity was brought to the then Kingdom of Axum by St Frumentius, who was consecrated as the first bishop in 330AD. Axum was slap-bang in the path of the armies of Islam, which set out from Mecca on a holy war of conversion in 632AD, and although the Christian kingdom was cut off from the rest of Christendom, Islam never really took hold. Over the next thousand years, the kingdom came under attack from various forces - pagan tribes forced the Ethiopian emperors to abandon their cities and become nomads for a time, Muslims moved into the east of the country in the 12th and 14th centures, and in the 16th century the Islamic kingdoms gained the support of the Ottoman Empire, seriously threatening the power of the Kingdom of Axum.

29. Eritrea - History history of eritrea. Early history Evidence of pre This period in eritrea shistory is highly contentious. Ethiopians claimed eritrea http://home.planet.nl/~hans.mebrat/eritrea-history.htm

Eritrea . be Maps of Eritrea Location and geography Eritrean history Border conflict with Ethiopia ... Tesseney History of Eritrea Early history Evidence of pre-humans has been discovered in the Buia region of Eritrea. The discovery may be one of the oldest ever found, and is similar to the famous "Lucy" find. Evidence of human presence begins in the 8th millennium B.C., beginning with Pygmoid, Nilotic, Cushitic (the Afar) and Semitic (Tigrinya) peoples. In the sixth century B.C., Arabs spread to the coast of present day Eritrea, in search of ivory and slaves for trade with Persia and India. Their language evolved into Ge'ez, related to today's Amhara, still spoken by Christian priests in Eritrea and Ethiopia. Ancient rock paintings During the 3rd and 4th century AD, Eritrea was part of the kingdom of Axum which spread from Meroe in Sudan right across the Red Sea to Yemen. The capital of Axum was in the highlands of Tigray (now a province in Ethiopia), and the main port was at Adulis which is now called Zula in Eritrea. This Kingdom was based upon trade across the Red Sea and was founded by Semitic people originally from Arabia. Christianity was the predominant faith of Axum introduced through contact with traders throughout the region. By the 6th century AD the Persian Empire expanded and with it went the expansion of Islam. In 710 AD Muslims destroyed Adulis and the ancient kingdom of Axum declined until it was reduced to a small Christian Enclave. For the next few centuries, the region settled into being a remote, isolated community only re-emerging by the early 16th century as Abyssinia. The Abyssinian Kingdom covered the Ethiopian highlands ruled by kings and peopled by Christian Tigrinyans and remaining fairly isolated. The community had little or no contact with the lowlands of the region which was home to predominantly Muslim communities.

30. A Proud Moment In Eritrea's History Remembered. A Proud moment in eritrea's history remembered. Mike Seium , May 27, 2003 dinner to collect funds for the ongoing drought in eritrea. Mr. Thomas Keneally was the keynote speaker http://www.shaebia.org/artman/publish/article_1237.html

The article you have requested has been archived Click here to view the article

31. Columbus World Travel Guide - Africa - Eritrea - History And Government World Travel Guide eritrea - history and Government - includesinformation on the constitution and politics. http://www.worldtravelguide.net/data/eri/eri580.asp

OAS_sitepage = URL + '/Africa/Eritrea/HistoryandGovernment'; document.write('Research Eritrea hotels at TripAdvisor'); Contact Addresses Overview General Information Passport/Visa ... Africa /Eritrea ERITREA History and Government History: Eritrea contained the main ports of the Aksumite empire, which governed the region, including modern-day Ethiopia, between the fourth and sixth centuries AD. It was also a peripheral part of the Ethiopian kingdom but largely retained its independence before coming under Ottoman rule in the 16th century. Over the next 300 years, control of the territory was disputed between the Ottomans, Ethiopia, Egypt and Italy. In 1889, a treaty between Italy and King Menilek of Ethiopia recognised Italian possessions on the Red Sea coast, which were formally adopted as Italian colonies the following year. These later became essential staging posts for the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1896 and 1935. Eritrea then became one of the six provinces of Italian East Africa, until the Italians were expelled by the British in 1941. After the departure of the British, Eritrea was merged into Ethiopia in a federal arrangement brokered by the UN in 1952 and incorporated fully into Ethiopia ten years later. The general secretary of the EPLF, Isaias Afewerki, became the President of the republic, and in February 1994, the EPLF reconstituted itself as the People’s Front for Democracy and Justice. The Government’s principal task was the reconstruction of the economy. But things have not run smoothly, even for Eritrea’s resourceful people. Eritrea also entered into costly wars with both Yemen and Djibouti. But by far the most serious threat to long-term stability was the unexpected and catastrophic breakdown in relations with neighbouring Ethiopia. Initially, relations were good – but fighting broke out between the two countries in May 1998, ostensibly over minor land disputes and border incursions. Ethiopia was also unhappy with Eritrea’s introduction of its own currency (the Nakfa) in 1997; Eritrea, for its part, voiced fears that its hard-won independence might be infringed upon by an expansionist Ethiopia.

32. Eritrea (03/04) history Prior to Italian colonization in 1885, what is now eritrea had been ruledby the various local or international powers that successively dominated the http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2854.htm

[Print Friendly Version] Bureau of African Affairs March 2004 Background Note: Eritrea PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME: State of Eritrea Geography Area: 125,000 sq. km. (48,000 sq. mi.); about the size of Pennsylvania. Cities: Capital Asmara (est. pop. 435,000). Other cities Keren (57,000); Assab (28,000); Massawa (25,000); Afabet (25,000); Tessenie (25,000); Mendefera (25,000); Dekemhare (20,000); Adekeieh (15,000); Barentu (15,000); Ghinda (15,000). Terrain: Central highlands straddle escarpment associated with Rift Valley, dry coastal plains, and western lowlands. Climate: Temperate in the highlands; hot in the lowlands. People Nationality: Noun and adjective Eritrean(s). Population (2003 est.): 3.56 million. Annual growth rate: 3%. Ethnic groups: Tigrinya 50%, Tigre 31.4%, Saho 5%, Afar 5%, Beja 2.5%, Bilen 2.1%, Kunama 2%, Nara 1.5%, and Rashaida .5%. Religions: Christian 50%, mostly Orthodox, Muslim 48%, indigenous beliefs 2%. Education: Years compulsory none. Attendance elementary 57%; secondary 21%. Health: Infant mortality rate Life expectancy 51 yrs.

33. Eritrea democratic system. history. eritrea was part of the first Ethiopiankingdom of Aksum until its decline in the 8th century. It came http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107497.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Father's Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips World Countries Eritrea Infoplease Atlas: Eritrea President: Isaias Afwerki (1993) Area: 46,842 sq mi (121,320 sq km) Population (2004 est.): 4,447,307 (growth rate: 2.6%); birth rate: 39.0/1000; infant mortality rate: 75.6/1000; life expectancy: 52.7; density per sq mi: 95 Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Asmara, 899,000 (metro. area), 400,000 (city proper) Other large cities: the ports of Massawa, 30,700; and Assab, 56,300 Monetary unit: Nakfa Languages: Afar, Bilen, Kunama, Nara, Arabic, Tobedawi, Saho, Tigre, Tigrinya Ethnicity/race: ethnic Tigrinya 50%, Tigre and Kunama 40%, Afar 4%, Saho (Red Sea coast dwellers) 3% Religions: Islam and Eritrean Orthodox Christianity Literacy rate: 59% (2003 est.) Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2002 est.): $3.3 billion; per capita $740.

34. History Of Eritrea Article on history of eritrea from Worldhistory.com, licensed fromWikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Return Index history of eritrea. http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/H/History-of-Eritrea.htm

World History (home) Encyclopedia Index Localities Companies Surnames ... This Week in History History of Eritrea History of Eritrea in the news Eritrea officially celebrated its independence on May 24 . Prior to Italian colonization in , what is now Eritrea had been ruled by the various local or international powers that successively dominated the Red Sea region. In , the Italians used Eritrea as a springboard for their disastrous attempt to conquer Ethiopia . Eritrea was placed under British military administration after the Italian surrender in World War II . In , a UN resolution federating Eritrea with Ethiopia went into effect. The resolution ignored Eritrean pleas for independence but guaranteed Eritreans some democratic rights and a measure of autonomy. Almost immediately after the federation went into effect, however, these rights began to be abridged or violated. In , Emperor Haile Sellassie unilaterally dissolved the Eritrean parliament and annexed the country, sparking the Eritrean fight for independence that continued after Haile Sellassie was ousted in a coup in . The new Ethiopian Government, called the Derg, was a

35. Eritrea, History & Present The best hospitals were built in eritrea, while millions died of malaria and othercurable They desecrated our Ethiopian history and heritage wherever they went http://www.angelfire.com/ak/sellassie/history/eritrea.html

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "angelfire.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Politics @ Sellassie WWW Politics Directory Index Old HS WWW Haile Sellassie Family Web H.I.M. Web-Biography from Sellassie WWW pages HISTORY History pages from Sellassie Family Web FAMILY Origins, Members, Generations, Tree, photos Ethiop Village Books, Music, Art, Gifts References Sellassie WWW sites DIRECTORIES: Listing from all Sellassie sites Click- Bookmark Author Transcripts Search: Out of Print Search Page Bargain Books Buy textbooks and save Book Talk Sellassie FORUM Sellassie AFRICA online Store Free Mail in your name and your language ... Get Your Own Online Gift Store! WHY DO “ERITREANS” WANT TO BECOME MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLES (NAACP)? AN OPEN LETTER TO THE NAACP! By Wondimu Mekonnen London, UK Beware of the wolf in sheepskin! Almost the entire educated population of Africa knows of the sacrifices our brothers and sisters in America have made in their struggle to liberate themselves, first from the direct bondage of slavery, and then, after achieving that tremendous objective, from the ravages of inequality and injustice. Malcolm X, Martin Luther King,  and many others are household names of African youth. You, our brothers and sisters in America have sacrificed so much to turn America from the graveyard of the black man, into a safe haven, for the persecuted. We of Ethiopia are proud of you! From that part of Africa, the Horn of Africa, the light of freedom for all Africans continued to flicker, no matter how weak and dim it might have become. All the conquerors, who tried to subdue Ethiopia, one by one, failed and failed utterly to subjugate this last defiant black people. First the Ottoman Turks tried to take over Ethiopia. Ethiopia lost a great deal of land and people to the Turks, but she stood her ground on the very soil that is still her home today, plus the land recently re-christened "Eritrea". Then the Portuguese came. They too badly failed. The English were the last but one to nearly occupy her. Yet the invaders soon realised that administering Ethiopia was an impossibility, unleashing a disaster of unprecedented magnitude. They left in peace. All learned their lessons bitterly and in the end left her alone. Finally, one more macho gangster by the proud name of Italy cast its eyes on this freedom loving people and this beautiful, holy black land.

36. AllRefer Encyclopedia - Eritrea : History, Africa (African Political Geography) AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides completeinformation on eritrea history, African Political Geography. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/E/Eritrea-history.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather SEARCH : in Reference June 08, 2004 You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia African Political Geography ... Eritrea By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z E Eritrea, African Political Geography Related Category: African Political Geography Eritrea [eritr E u Pronunciation Key History Eritrea formed part of the ancient Ethiopian kingdom of Aksum until the 7th cent. Thereafter Ethiopian emperors maintained an intermittent presence in the area until the mid-16th cent., when the Ottoman Empire gained control of much of the coastal region. Beginning in the mid-19th cent. Ethiopia struggled against Egypt and Italy for control of Eritrea. In the 1880s, Italy occupied the coastal areas around Aseb and Massawa, and by 1890 had extended its territory enough to proclaim the colony of Eritrea (named after the Roman term for the Red Sea, Mare erythraeum Ethiopia In World War II, Eritrea was captured (1941) by the British. Ethiopia had long demanded control of Eritrea on the ground of ethnic affinity, but Britain occupied Eritrea after the war and, beginning in 1949, administered it as a UN trust territory. In 1950 the United Nations decided that Eritrea was to be made independent as a federated part of Ethiopia, and in late 1952 this decision became effective. In late 1962 the Eritrean assembly voted to end the federal status and to unify Eritrea with Ethiopia. After 1962, Eritreans who opposed union carried on sporadic guerrilla warfare against Ethiopia and the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) was founded. In 1972 a rival insurgent group, the Eritrean Popular Liberation Forces (EPLF), was formed and battled the ELF for supremacy.

37. NebulaSearch Encyclopedia Eritrea/History---Erle Stanley Gardner eritrea/Military;eritrea/People; eritrea/Transnational_issues; eritrea/Transportation; http://www.nebulasearch.com/encyclopedia/contents/79923-79948-Eritrea/History-Er

NebulaSearch Top Encyclopedia Top NebulaSearch Encyclopedia Index Main Index Eolia,_Missouri..................Hayes_Township,_Otsego_County,_Michigan Eolia,_Missouri..................Everton,_Arkansas Eric_(Discworld)..................Ernest_Hemingway/Why_It_Went_Wrong Eritrea/History-Erle Stanley Gardner Eritrea/History Eritrea/Military Eritrea/People Eritrea/Transnational_issues ... Erlend NebulaSearch Directory

38. MapZones.com History eritrea, history, Back to Top. eritrea officially celebrated itsindependence on May 24, 1993, becoming the world s newest nation. http://www.mapzones.com/world/africa/eritrea/historyindex.php

Country Info Eritrea Introduction Eritrea General Data Eritrea Maps Eritrea Culture ... Eritrea Time and Date Eritrea History Back to Top Eritrea officially celebrated its independence on May 24, 1993, becoming the world's newest nation. Prior to Italian colonization in 1885, what is now Eritrea had been ruled by the various local or international powers that successively dominated the Red Sea region. In 1896, the Italians used Eritrea as a springboard for their disastrous attempt to conquer Ethiopia. Eritrea was placed under British military administration after the Italian surrender in World War II. In 1952, a UN resolution federating Eritrea with Ethiopia went into effect. The resolution ignored Eritrean pleas for independence but guaranteed Eritreans some democratic rights and a measure of autonomy. Almost immediately after the federation went into effect, however, these rights began to be abridged or violated. In 1962, Emperor Haile Sellassie unilaterally dissolved the Eritrean parliament and annexed the country, sparking the Eritrean fight for independence that continued after Haile Sellassie was ousted in a coup in 1974. The new Ethiopian Government, called the Derg, was a Marxist military junta led by strongman Mengistu Haile Miriam. During the 1960s, the Eritrean independence struggle was led by the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF). In 1970, members of the group had a falling out, and a group broke away from the ELF and formed the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF). By the late 1970s, the EPLF had become the dominant armed Eritrean group fighting against the Ethiopian Government, and Isaias Afwerki had emerged as its leader. Much of the materiel used to combat Ethiopia was captured from the Ethiopian Army.

39. History Of Eritrea eritrea. history eritrea officially celebrated its independence on May24, 1993, becoming the world s newest nation. Prior to Italian http://www.worldrover.com/history/eritrea_history.html

Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Free Travel Cheap Tickets Auction ... Make Money Eritrea HISTORY Eritrea officially celebrated its independence on May 24, 1993, becoming the world's newest nation. Prior to Italian colonization in 1885, what is now Eritrea had been ruled by the various local or international powers that successively dominated the Red Sea region. In 1896, the Italians used Eritrea as a springboard for their disastrous attempt to conquer Ethiopia. Eritrea was placed under British military administration after the Italian surrender in World War II. In 1952, a UN resolution federating Eritrea with Ethiopia went into effect. The resolution ignored Eritrean pleas for independence but guaranteed Eritreans some democratic rights and a measure of autonomy. Almost immediately after the federation went into effect, however, these rights began to be abridged or violated. In 1962, Emperor Haile Sellassie unilaterally dissolved the Eritrean parliament and annexed the country, sparking the Eritrean fight for independence that continued after Haile Sellassie was ousted in a coup in 1974. The new Ethiopian Government, called the Derg, was a Marxist military junta led by strongman Mengistu Haile Miriam. During the 1960s, the Eritrean independence struggle was led by the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF). In 1970, members of the group had a falling out, and a group broke away from the ELF and formed the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF). By the late 1970s, the EPLF had become the dominant armed Eritrean group fighting against the Ethiopian Government, and Isaias Afwerki had emerged as its leader. Much of the materiel used to combat Ethiopia was captured from the Ethiopian Army.

40. Eritrea Provides history plus information on politics, languages, cuisine, people, climate, religions and economy. http://home.wxs.nl/~hans.mebrat/

Congratulations Eritrea May 24th 2004 13 years independence Eritrea Before the advent of the Italians at the end of the 19th century, the history of Eritrea is characterized by the domination of various powers, such as the Turks and Egyptians. From 1557, the Massawa coastal area was under the rule of the Ottomans until the Egyptians took possession in 1865. The Italians took it in 1889 when they formally declared Eritrea as their colony. The Italian rule lasted till 1941. Then the British at the onset of World War II ousted them. Eritrea was placed under British military administration until 1952 when it was federated with Ethiopia (1952-1962) and was finally annexed as a province of Ethiopia. The unpopular Federation and subsequent annexation of Eritrea with Ethiopia led to an armed struggle for liberation which began in September 1961 and would last more then 30 years, until Eritrea was finally liberated in May 24th 1991. Eritrea offers an untamed landscape of astonishing diversity, an interior rich in historical remains, a coastal gateway to some outstanding diving spots, and a broad, hospitable welcome. Eritrea will prove irresistible to those seeking adventure.

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