1. SYLLABUS SPRING 1998 Rationalism empiricism philosophy 300*. California State University,Fullerton. Syllabus. Descartes Notes Most Recent Update 3/8/98. http://members.aol.com/LUFikeJr/re.html

California State University, Fullerton Syllabus Descartes Notes Most Recent Update: 3/8/98 "The Great Chain of Being" Instructor: Lawrence Udell Fike, Jr. Office: Education Classroom 479C Office Hours: W 11:00-11:50 F 11:00-11:50 F 12:00-12:50 Course Meeting Times: MW 13:00-14:15 Course Meeting Location: Education Classroom 124 Catalog Number: Cal State Fullerton Philosophy Club Link: Cal State University Fullerton Philosophy Club COURSE DESCRIPTION: in the thought of Descartes, Locke, Leibniz, Berkeley, and Hume. Some appreciation for the context in which these problems became central philosophical preoccupations will also be discussed. SHOULD YOU TAKE THIS COURSE? This is a reading- and discussion-intensive course that requires careful, patient analysis of sophisticated philosophical argumentation. The reading is intellectually demanding. I will attempt to moderate discussions sufficiently so that the material is accessible to those with minimal philosophical preparation, but will assume either a genuine interest in the problems and/or thinkers we are studying, or else at least one previous course in philosophy with an earned grade of A or B. See also the section titled, "Format" below. REQUIRED BOOKS (online links embedded in list): Rene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy

2. Philosophy 1140: Empiricism Philosophy 1140 Empiricism. Time M 545 810pm Room CL 130 InstructorRick Grush (grush+@pitt.edu) Office Hours M 330pm - 500pm. http://mind.ucsd.edu/syllabi/99_00/Empiricism/!syllabus.html

Philosophy 1140: Empiricism Time: M 5:45 - 8:10pm Room: CL 130 Instructor: Rick Grush (grush+@pitt.edu) Office Hours: M 3:30pm - 5:00pm Schedule Quizzes and Exams Grades Study Questions ... Bibliography Short Description: In this course we will examine the three most prominent British Empiricists, John Locke, George Berkeley, and David Hume, focusing on their epistemological and metaphysical doctrines. Some topics from Descartes, Reid, and (maybe) Kant will also be raised, but only in brief controlled doses, and only for their utility in illuminating the positions of the Big Three Empiricists. Readings will be from The Empiricists available in the Bookstore, and from secondary literature on reserve in the library and/or available electronically from this website. Specific readings are detailed on the schedule. Schedule (Weeks without lectures due to holiday are in red. Lectures marked with a 'Q' will begin with a quiz.) Session 01 (01.10.00): Introductory Lecture. Session (01.17.00): No Meeting. MLK. Session 02 (01.24.00): Q

3. PHILOSOPHY Mediaeval Philosophy Philosophy 482F/G Seminar in Rationalism Philosophy 483F/GSeminar in Rationalism Philosophy 484F/G Seminar in empiricism philosophy 485F http://www.registrar.uwo.ca/ACCALS/Archive/2003/sub_60.htm

PHILOSOPHY Philosophy 020E Introduction to Philosophy Philosophy 021 Reasoning and Critical Thinking ... Academic Calendar

4. EMPIRICISM AND THE PHILOSOPHY OF MIND empiricism AND THE philosophy OF MIND. by. Wilfrid Sellars of Minnesota Press from Wilfrid Sellars, "empiricism and the philosophy of Mind " in Herbert Feigl and Michael http://www.ditext.com/sellars/epm.html

5. Philosophy Overview philosophy Overview. General. Main Currents in Victorian Intellectual History Some Handy Oversimplifications. Bentham and Coleridge Seminal Minds. Timeline of English philosophy and Religion. empiricism. John Locke http://www.victorianweb.org/philosophy/philov.html

Philosophy Overview General Main Currents in Victorian Intellectual History Some Handy Oversimplifications Bentham and Coleridge: Seminal Minds Timeline of English Philosophy and Religion Empiricism ... Patriarcha Religious and Moral Philosophy Comteian Positivism Emotionalist Moral Philosophy Epicurus (342-270 B.C.E.) and Victorian Aestheticism Political and Economic Philosophies Utilitarianism (1) Utilitarianism (2) Bentham's Method John Stuart Mill ... David Ricardo Adam Smith Introduction Adam Smith's Laissez-Faire Policies The Division of Labor Karl Marx Aesthetics The Sublime (an Overview) John Ruskin and Nineteenth-Century Theories of Beauty The Picturesque

6. Dictionary Of Philosophy Of Mind - Empiricism empiricism In its strong form, the thesis that there is no reality behind However, empiricism is a term more commonly used in philosophy of science than philosophy of mind http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~philos/MindDict/empiricism.html

empiricism In its strong form, the thesis that there is no reality behind appearances. Thus, it is the job of science to catalog the formal relations which hold between appearances without claims of describing reality. See phenomenalism A weaker form of empiricism admits of the existence of a reality which is, however, trans-empirical. The transcendent nature of reality determines that we can have no knowledge of it and thus must simply catalog the formal relations between appearances. Empiricism is very much like phenomenalism . However, empiricism is a term more commonly used in philosophy of science than philosophy of mind . In either case, these positions are most commonly contrasted with realism Chris Eliasmith References Last updated: May 11, 2004

7. British Empiricism [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] philosopher James McCosh argues that induction is more representative of later Scottishphilosophy than it is of earlier British empiricism, specifically that http://www.iep.utm.edu/e/emp-brit.htm

British Empiricism "British Empiricism" refers to the 18th century philosophical movement in Great Britain which maintained that all knowledge comes from experience. Continental Rationalists maintained that knowledge comes from foundational concepts known intuitively through reason, such as innate ideas. Other concepts are then deductively drawn from these. British Empiricists staunchly rejected the theory of innate ideas and argued that knowledge is based on both sense experience and internal mental experiences, such as emotions and self-reflection. 18th century British Empiricists took their cue from Francis Bacon who, in the very first aphorism of his New Organon, hails the primacy of experience, particularly the observation of nature: Humans, who are the servants and interpreters of nature, can act and understand no further than they have observed in either the operation or the contemplation of the method and order of nature. Although British Empiricists disavowed innate ideas, in favor of ideas from experience, it is important to note that the Empiricists did not reject the notion of instinct or innateness in general. Indeed, we have inborn propensities which regulate our bodily functions, produce emotions, and even direct our thinking. What Empiricists deny, though, is that we are born with detailed, picture-like, concepts of God, causality, and even mathematics. Like Bacon, British Empiricists also moved away from deductive proofs and used an inductive method of arguing which was more conducive to the data of experience. In spite of their advocacy of inductive argumentation, though, British Empiricists still made wide use of deductive arguments. Commenting on the use of induction in the history of philosophy, 19th century Scottish philosopher James McCosh argues that induction is more representative of later Scottish philosophy than it is of earlier British Empiricism, specifically that of Locke:

8. Bacon, Francis Biography of Francis Bacon explains his method of thinking and his contribution to the development of empiricism in Western philosophy. http://atheism.about.com/library/glossary/general/bldef_baconfrancis.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Agnosticism / Atheism Home Essentials ... Evolution vs. Creationism zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Does God Exist? Ethics and Morality Islam and Muslims Religious Right ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Agnosticism / Atheism newsletter. Search Agnosticism / Atheism Francis Bacon Back to Last Page Glossary Index Related Terms empiricism atheism Name: Francis Bacon Dates: Born: January 22, 1561 Died: April 9, 1626 Biography: Francis Bacon was a British philosopher whose work was vital to the development of the British empiricist tradition, influencing Locke, Hume, Mill and Russell. Bacon's thinking was very practical and utilitarian in nature, although he seems to have been pessimistic as to whether or not human progress was really possible. At least on the surface, Bacon professed allegiance to Christianity and belief in Christian doctrines, but it is uncertain as to whether or not that was really his true position. Regardless, in his efforts to dethrone scholasticism, he argued for a complete separation of reason and revelation (as part of a general separation of reason from personal interest, social conventions, human passion, etc.). Bacon believed that this separation would facilitate the development of science, and he was right. But, once widely adopted, it also lead to the eventual separation of church and state, religion and morality, and more. Thus, Bacon's philosophical work was an important foundation for modern, rationalistic, skeptical atheism.

9. British Empiricism [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] British empiricism. " British empiricism" refers to the 18th century philosophical movement in Great Britain which maintained that all knowledge comes from experience. of later Scottish philosophy than it is of earlier British empiricism, specifically that of http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/e/emp-brit.htm

British Empiricism "British Empiricism" refers to the 18th century philosophical movement in Great Britain which maintained that all knowledge comes from experience. Continental Rationalists maintained that knowledge comes from foundational concepts known intuitively through reason, such as innate ideas. Other concepts are then deductively drawn from these. British Empiricists staunchly rejected the theory of innate ideas and argued that knowledge is based on both sense experience and internal mental experiences, such as emotions and self-reflection. 18th century British Empiricists took their cue from Francis Bacon who, in the very first aphorism of his New Organon, hails the primacy of experience, particularly the observation of nature: Humans, who are the servants and interpreters of nature, can act and understand no further than they have observed in either the operation or the contemplation of the method and order of nature. Although British Empiricists disavowed innate ideas, in favor of ideas from experience, it is important to note that the Empiricists did not reject the notion of instinct or innateness in general. Indeed, we have inborn propensities which regulate our bodily functions, produce emotions, and even direct our thinking. What Empiricists deny, though, is that we are born with detailed, picture-like, concepts of God, causality, and even mathematics. Like Bacon, British Empiricists also moved away from deductive proofs and used an inductive method of arguing which was more conducive to the data of experience. In spite of their advocacy of inductive argumentation, though, British Empiricists still made wide use of deductive arguments. Commenting on the use of induction in the history of philosophy, 19th century Scottish philosopher James McCosh argues that induction is more representative of later Scottish philosophy than it is of earlier British Empiricism, specifically that of Locke:

10. Logical Positivism [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] Logical Positivism. (Also known as logical empiricism, logical neopositivism, neopositivism).School of philosophy risen in Austria and Germany during 1920s http://www.iep.utm.edu/l/logpos.htm

Logical Positivism (Also known as logical empiricism, logical neopositivism, neopositivism). School of philosophy risen in Austria and Germany during 1920s, primarily concerned with the logical analysis of scientific knowledge. Among its members were Moritz Schlick, founder of the Vienna Circle, Rudolf Carnap, the leading figure of logical positivism, Hans Reichenbach, founder of the Berlin Circle, Herbert Feigl, Philipp Frank, Kurt Grelling, Hans Hahn, Carl Gustav Hempel, Victor Kraft, Otto Neurath, Friedrich Waismann. Logical positivists denied the soundness of metaphysics and traditional philosophy; they asserted that many philosophical problems are indeed meaningless. During 1930s the most important representatives of logical positivism emigrated to the USA, where they influenced American philosophy. Until 1950s logical positivism was the leading philosophy of science; today its influence persists especially in the way of doing philosophy, in the great attention given to the analysis of scientific thought and in the definitely acquired results of the technical research on formal logic and the theory of probability. The following paragraph ( The main philosophical tenets of logical positivism ) explains the fundamental principles of logical positivism, namely the verifiability principle and its consequence, the logical structure of scientific theories and the meaning of probability. The paragraph

11. AllRefer Encyclopedia - Empiricism (Philosophy, Terms And Concepts) - Encycloped AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete information onempiricism, philosophy, Terms And Concepts. Includes related research links. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/E/empirici.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather SEARCH : in Reference June 08, 2004 You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia Philosophy, Terms And Concepts ... empiricism By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z E empiricism, Philosophy, Terms And Concepts Related Category: Philosophy, Terms And Concepts empiricism u m] Pronunciation Key Mill was the first to treat even these as generalizations from experience. Empiricism has been the dominant but not the only tradition in British philosophy. Among its other leading advocates were John Locke , George Berkeley , and David Hume . See also logical positivism See L. Bonjour, The Structure of Empirical Knowledge (1985); A. H. Goodman, Empirical Knowledge Topics that might be of interest to you: George Berkeley epistemology David Hume John Locke ... com Check out around 175,000 brief encyclopedia articles on almost all topics. Related Categories: Philosophy and Religion Philosophy More articles from AllRefer Reference on empiricism Encyclopedia U com Check out around 175,000 brief encyclopedia articles on almost all topics. Content on this web site is provided for informational purposes only. We accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by any person resulting from information published on this site. We encourage you to verify any critical information with the relevant authorities.

12. LookSmart - Article Search For " Empiricism Philosophy" Submit a Site. Advanced Search · Help. You are HereArticles Search. The Two Hypotheses of HUMAN MEANING.(transcendentalism and empiricism) 3 pages. There are two main competing views on human meaning. Results for "+empiricism +philosophy" from FindArticles( showing 1 - 10 of 50 Join the Zeal community and help build the "+empiricism +philosophy" Directory Topic. http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/PI/search.jhtml?isp=FA&cat=news&key=+Em

13. AllRefer Encyclopedia - Scientific Empiricism (Philosophy, Terms And Concepts) - AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete informationon scientific empiricism, philosophy, Terms And Concepts. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/X/X-sciemp.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather SEARCH : in Reference June 08, 2004 You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia Philosophy, Terms And Concepts ... scientific empiricism By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z S scientific empiricism, Philosophy, Terms And Concepts Related Category: Philosophy, Terms And Concepts scientific empiricism: see logical positivism Topics that might be of interest to you: logical positivism Encyclopedia U com Check out around 175,000 brief encyclopedia articles on almost all topics. Related Categories: Philosophy and Religion Philosophy More articles from AllRefer Reference on scientific empiricism Encyclopedia U com Check out around 175,000 brief encyclopedia articles on almost all topics. Content on this web site is provided for informational purposes only. We accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by any person resulting from information published on this site. We encourage you to verify any critical information with the relevant authorities. About Us Contact Us Privacy Links Directory ... Link to AllRefer.com

14. LookSmart - Article Search For " Empiricism Philosophy" FOR · Advanced Search · Help. You are Here Articles Search. Results for +empiricism+philosophy from FindArticles (showing 1 10 of 50), About. http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/PI/search.jhtml?isp=FA&cat=news&key=+Empiricism

15. A Note On "Empiricism And The Philosophy Of Mind" A Note on "empiricism and the philosophy of Mind" by ROBERT H. GRIMM. DUKE UNIVERSITY. Published in Philosophical Studies 10 (1959) 4952. In "empiricism and the philosophy of Mind "1 Wilfrid Sellars launches "a general critique of the entire framework of http://csmaclab-www.uchicago.edu/philosophyProject/sellars/grimm/grimm.html

A Note on "Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind" by ROBERT H. GRIMM DUKE UNIVERSITY Published in Philosophical Studies In "Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind," Wilfrid Sellars launches "a general critique of the entire framework of givenness," a broad attack on what he calls the "Myth of the Given" (p. 254). In so doing, he questions the notion that empirical knowledge has its foundation in knowledge of a privileged stratum of particular facts, explicitly pointing out that "if observation reports are construed as actions, if their correctness is interpreted as the correctness of an action, and if the authority of an observation report is construed as the fact that making it is 'following a rule' in the proper sense of this phrase, then we are face to face with givenness in its most straightforward form" (p. 296). For, he says, on these stipulations "one is committed to a stratum of authoritative non-verbal episodes ('awareness') the authority of which accrues to a super-structure of verbal actions, provided that the expressions occurring in these actions are properly used" (p. 296), What is his alternative? He carefully rejects the notion that a token, or utterance, of an expression, "This is green" for instance, "expresses observational knowledge" if and only if the circumstances are of a certain kind, i.e. the utterance "is a manifestation of a tendency to produce overt or covert tokens of "This is green' given a certain set if and only if a green object is being looked at in standard conditions" (p. 297). This won't do, be says, because "it is the knowledge or belief that the circumstances are of a certain kind, and not the mere fact that they are of this kind, which contributes to bringing about the action" of an observation report (p. 296).

16. A Note On "Empiricism And The Philosophy Of Mind" A Note on empiricism and the philosophy of Mind . by ROBERT H. GRIMMDUKE UNIVERSITY. Published in Philosophical Studies 10 (1959) 4952. http://www.ditext.com/grimm/grimm.html

A Note on "Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind" by ROBERT H. GRIMM DUKE UNIVERSITY Published in Philosophical Studies In "Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind," Wilfrid Sellars launches "a general critique of the entire framework of givenness," a broad attack on what he calls the "Myth of the Given" (p. 254). In so doing, he questions the notion that empirical knowledge has its foundation in knowledge of a privileged stratum of particular facts, explicitly pointing out that "if observation reports are construed as actions, if their correctness is interpreted as the correctness of an action, and if the authority of an observation report is construed as the fact that making it is 'following a rule' in the proper sense of this phrase, then we are face to face with givenness in its most straightforward form" (p. 296). For, he says, on these stipulations "one is committed to a stratum of authoritative non-verbal episodes ('awareness') the authority of which accrues to a super-structure of verbal actions, provided that the expressions occurring in these actions are properly used" (p. 296), What is his alternative? He carefully rejects the notion that a token, or utterance, of an expression, "This is green" for instance, "expresses observational knowledge" if and only if the circumstances are of a certain kind, i.e. the utterance "is a manifestation of a tendency to produce overt or covert tokens of "This is green' given a certain set if and only if a green object is being looked at in standard conditions" (p. 297). This won't do, be says, because "it is the knowledge or belief that the circumstances are of a certain kind, and not the mere fact that they are of this kind, which contributes to bringing about the action" of an observation report (p. 296).

17. Locke: Ideas A survey of the history of Western philosophy. philosophy. Pages. F A Q the question, Locke proposed the fundamental principle of empiricism all of our knowledge and ideas arise from http://www.philosophypages.com/hy/4l.htm

Philosophy Pages F A Q Dictionary ... Locke Locke: The Origin of Ideas We now leave the Continent for an extended look at philosophy in Great Britain during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries . Here the favored model for achieving human knowledge was not the abstract mathematical reasoning so admired by the rationalists but the more concrete observations of natural science. Heeding the call of Francis Bacon , British scientists had pursued a vigorous program of observation and experiment with great success. Isaac Newton showed that both celestial and terrestial motion could be explained by reference to a simple set of laws of motion and gravitation; Robert Boyle investigated the behavior of gasses and proposed a general theory of matter as a collection of corpuscles; and Thomas Sydenham began to use observational methods for the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Locke Life and Works Empiricism Qualities Liberty ... Internet Sources Philosopher John Locke greatly admired the achievements that these scientists (his friends in the Royal Society) had made in physics, chemistry, and medicine, and he sought to clear the ground for future developments by providing a theory of knowledge compatible with such carefully-conducted study of nature.

18. Empiricism, Philosophy 4740, UC Denver, David Hildebrand PHIL 4740 DECEMBER 2 PACKET John Dewey “The Need for a Recovery of philosophy” 4 PACKETJohn Dewey “The Postulate of Immediate empiricism”, “Having An http://davidhildebrand.org/teaching/courses/empiricism.htm

last update 9/14/03 Empiricism PHIL 4740/5740-3 TR 04:00 PM - 05:15 PM Look with all your eyes, look! Jules Vernes , Michael Strogoff Essentials Course Links/Study Q's Description Texts Evaluation ... Schedule of Readings Description UC Catalog: Consideration of the nature and importance of experience. The course will focus on British Empiricism, but additional themes which vary may include: American pragmatism, logical positivism, scientific empiricism, phenomenology of experience. Prereq: PHIL 3002 or PHIL 3022, a minimum grade of "C" in each previous Philosophy course, or consent of the instructor. In the late sixties, Jimi Hendrix asked, " Are you experienced ?" With this loaded little question, Hendrix drew attention to two important dimensions of "empiricism": first, the basic idea that genuine knowledge comes originally from sense experience (not from abstract reasoning); second, that enlightenment depended in part on whether we could pay close enough attention to how we experience reality. We can call these two themes "the epistemology of experience" and "the phenomenology of experience." We will also tackle a swarm of philosophical problems associated with empiricism: how can we know there really is an external world (or other minds) outside of our own? Is there really more to reality than what our senses report? Is there something solid, like a "self" inside of me, or is "self" just a passing show? Just to be thorough, we’ll likely consider the persistence of our self-identity, the relation of reason and emotion, the ground of our universal terms, the nature of substance, the role of a priori knowledge, the distinction between appearance and reality, and the methods by which we try to examine the character of our experience.

19. History Of Western Philosophy Summary Outline, Age Of Enlightenment A summary outline of the History of Western philosophy, from the PreSocratics to existentialism in the 20th century. Following the empiricism of Locke, many 18th century writers believed that knowledge is not innate the skepticism and empiricism that had become influential in British philosophy. http://home.earthlink.net/~pdistan/howp_7.html

Previous Home TOC Next Age of Enlightenment—the 18th Century The ‘Age of Enlightenment’ is a term used to describe the trends in thought and letters in Europe and the American colonies during the 18 th century, prior to the French Revolution of 1789-1799. The phrase was frequently employed by writers of the period itself, convinced that they were emerging from centuries of darkness and ignorance into a new age enlightened by reason, science, and a respect for humanity. The precursors of the Enlightenment can be traced to the 17 th century philosophers and earlier. Equally important, though, were the self-confidence engendered by new discoveries in science and the spirit of cultural relativism encouraged by the exploration of the non-European world. Of the basic assumptions and beliefs common to philosophers and intellectuals of this period, perhaps the most important was an abiding faith in the power of human reason. People came to assume that through a judicious use of reason, an unending progress would be possible—progress in knowledge, in technical achievement, and even in moral values. Although they saw the church—especially the Roman Catholic church—as the principal force that had enslaved the human mind in the past, most Enlightenment thinkers did not renounce religion altogether.

20. Continental Rationalism [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] Continental Rationalism. The term "Continental Rationalism" traditionally refers to a 17th century philosophical movement begun by Descartes. rival 17th century movement, British empiricism, founded by John Locke historians of philosophy challenge this traditional distinction between rationalism and empiricism. Louis Loeb http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/r/rat-cont.htm

Continental Rationalism The term "Continental Rationalism" traditionally refers to a 17th century philosophical movement begun by Descartes . After Descartes, several dozen scientists and philosophers continued his teachings throughout continental Europe and, accordingly were titled "Cartesians." Some Cartesians strayed little from Descartes' scientific and metaphysical theories. Others incorporated his theories into Calvinistic theology. But a handful of philosopher s influenced by Descartes were more original in developing their own views and these people are included under the more general title "rationalists." the principle rationalists include Benedict Spinoza , Nicholas Malebranche , Gottfried Willhelm Leibniz, and Christian Wolff. Continental Rationalism is usually understood in relation to its rival 17th century movement, British Empiricism , founded by John Locke. The radical division between these two schools was first articulated by Thomas Reid in his Inquiry Concerning the Human Mind Contemporary historians of philosophy challenge this traditional distinction between rationalism and empiricism. Louis Loeb, for example, argues for an alternative classification of 17th and 18th century philosophers which is more representative of t he actual content of their metaphysical and epistemological positions. In spite of Loeb's suggestions, the traditional division between rationalism and empiricism offered by Reid has at least some foundation, and is convenient for understanding the evolution of philosophical theories during the modern period of philosophy.

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