61. BBC NEWS | World | Americas | Country Profiles | Country Profile: El Salvador Press freedom is guaranteed under el salvador s constitution, and the media freelyand routinely criticise the government and report on opposition activities. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1220684.stm

Home TV Radio Talk ... Programmes LANGUAGES Last Updated: Tuesday, 1 June, 2004, 16:30 GMT 17:30 UK E-mail this to a friend Printable version Country profile: El Salvador El Salvador, which is Spanish for "the saviour" - or Jesus Christ - has been wracked by civil war and a succession of natural disasters which have left it physically devastated and psychologically traumatised. A tiny country, El Salvador is both the most densely populated state on the mainland of the Americas and the most industrialised in Central America. However, social inequality and the fact that the country lies within a seismic zone define much of contemporary El Salvador. OVERVIEW FACTS LEADERS MEDIA During the 1980s, El Salvador was ravaged by a bitter civil war. This was the result of gross inequality between a small and wealthy elite, which dominated the government and the economy, and the overwhelming majority of the population, many of whom lived - and continue to live - in abject squalor. The war left around 70,000 people dead and caused damage worth 2 billion dollars, but it also precipitated important political reforms. In 1992 a United Nations-brokered peace agreement ended the civil war, but no sooner had El Salvador begun to recover when it was hit by a series of natural disasters. The most notable of these was Hurricane Mitch in 1998, and a number of earthquakes in 2001. These left at least 1,200 people dead and more than a million others homeless.

62. BBC NEWS | World | Americas | Country Profiles | Timeline: El Salvador wing rebels, government forces fought for 12 years. 2002 US role in salvador s brutalwar. 1540 Indigenous resistance finally crushed and el salvador becomes http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1220818.stm

Home TV Radio Talk ... Programmes LANGUAGES Last Updated: Tuesday, 25 May, 2004, 10:43 GMT 11:43 UK E-mail this to a friend Printable version Timeline: El Salvador A chronology of key events - Spanish adventurer Pedro de Alvarado conquers El Salvador. CIVIL WAR Left-wing rebels, government forces fought for 12 years 2002: US role in Salvador's brutal war - Indigenous resistance finally crushed and El Salvador becomes a Spanish colony. - El Salvador gains independence achieved from Spain, but joins the Mexican empire under the Creole general Agustin de Iturbide. - El Salvador becomes part of the United Provinces of Central America, which also includes Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua. Independence - El Salvador becomes fully independent following the dissolution of the United Provinces of Central America. - President Gerardo Barrios introduces coffee growing. - Some 30,000 people are killed during the suppression of a peasant uprising led by Agustine Farabundo Marti. Civil war - Right-wing National Conciliation Party (PCN) comes to power after a military coup.

63. Declarations By The Government Of El Salvador Included With The Ratification Of Declarations by the government of el salvador included with the Ratificationof the Treaty of Peace with Japan. 6 May 1952. The United http://www.taiwandocuments.org/sanfrancisco05.htm

Declarations by the Government of El Salvador included with the Ratification of the Treaty of Peace with Japan 6 May 1952 T he United States of America and El Salvador were the only parties to the San Francisco Treaty which issued Declarations with their ratifications expressing reservations about some of the Treaty's provisions. I With respect to the Treaty of Peace with Japan , the Government of El Salvador makes the following Declaration: El Salvador does not accept nor ratify the commitments which the other nations may have contracted with respect to the transference or final disposition of those territories enumerated in Article 2 of the Treaty of Peace with Japan, in all those cases in which the freely expressed will of the affected populations was not consulted and respected. This reservation applies to the transference of the Kurile Islands, a part of the island of Sakhalin, and any other similar case, including, furthermore, any commitment concerning the island of Formosa. II With respect to the Treaty of Peace with Japan, the Government of El Salvador makes the following Declaration:

64. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - North America - El Salvador - Government Facts And F el salvador government (Facts). Country name conventional long formRepublic of el salvador conventional short form el salvador http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/es/El_Salvador_government.htm

Home World Map Rankings Currency Converter Countries from A to Z A B C D ... El Salvador (Facts) El Salvador - Government (Facts) Country name: conventional long form: Republic of El Salvador conventional short form: El Salvador local short form: El Salvador local long form: Republica de El Salvador Government type: republic Capital: San Salvador Administrative divisions: 14 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Ahuachapan, Cabanas, Chalatenango, Cuscatlan, La Libertad, La Paz, La Union, Morazan, San Miguel, San Salvador, Santa Ana, San Vicente, Sonsonate, Usulutan Independence: 15 September 1821 (from Spain) National holiday: Independence Day, 15 September (1821) Constitution: 23 December 1983 Legal system: based on civil and Roman law, with traces of common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Francisco FLORES Perez (since 1 June 1999); Vice President Carlos QUINTANILLA Schmidt (since 1 June 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Francisco FLORES Perez (since 1 June 1999); Vice President Carlos QUINTANILLA Schmidt (since 1 June 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

65. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - North America - El Salvador - Government And Politic Click Here. World North America el salvador government and Political Conditions(Notes). el salvador government and Political Conditions (Notes). http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/es/El_Salvador_government_summary.htm

Home World Map Rankings Currency Converter Countries from A to Z A B C D ... El Salvador (Notes) El Salvador - Government and Political Conditions (Notes) GOVERNMENT AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS El Salvador is a democratic republic governed by a president and an 84-member unicameral Legislative Assembly. The president is elected by universal suffrage and serves for a 5-year term by absolute majority vote. A second round runoff is required in the event that no candidate receives more than 50% of the first round vote. Members of the assembly, also elected by universal suffrage, serve for 3-year terms. The country has an independent judiciary and Supreme Court. Political Landscape Roberto D’Aubuisson and other hard-line conservatives, including some members of the military, created the Nationalist Republican Alliance party (ARENA) in 1981. D’Aubuisson's electoral fortunes were diminished by credible reports that he was involved in organized political violence. ARENA almost won the election in 1984, with solid private sector and rural farmer support. By 1989, ARENA had attracted the support of business groups. Allegations of corruption by the ruling Christian Democratic party, poor relations with the private sector, and historically low prices for the nation’s main agricultural exports also contributed to ARENA victories in the 1988 legislative and 1989 presidential elections. The 1989-94 Cristiani administration's successes in achieving a peace agreement to end the civil war and in improving the nation's economy helped ARENAled by former San Salvador mayor Armando Calderon Solkeep both the presidency and a working majority in the Legislative Assembly in the 1994 elections. ARENA's legislative position was weakened in the 1997 elections, but it recovered its strength, helped by divisions in the opposition, in time for another victory in the 1999 presidential race that brought President Flores to office. A presidential election is scheduled for March 2004.

66. El Salvador: History The United States, fearing a repeat of the communist takeover in neighbouringNicaragua, staunchly backed el salvador s government and the military. http://www.rnw.nl/humanrights/html/history2.html

Bahasa Indonesia Nederlands English Español Português Highlights: Current story: History Created: 12 July 1998, Updated: November 1999 The Spaniards conquered what would become El Salvador in the 16 th century. They developed plantations of cotton, balsam and indigo. The European elite, consisting of 14 families, controlled almost all the land, and they enslaved the native Indians. El Salvador obtained independence in 1821, but the same wealthy elite maintained its domination of the land. There were various attempts in the early part of the 20 th century by the poor majority to redress the social and economic injustices, but they were repressed by the government. In 1932, Augustín Farabundo Martí, one of the founding fathers of the Central American socialist party, led a revolt by peasants and Indians. In response, the Salvadorian army murdered anyone who looked Indian or who supported the uprising. 30,000 people were killed during la Matanza , the Massacre.

67. KCTV5 - Government In El Salvador Says 'Person Of Interest' In Kansas City Murde May 14, 2004 government in el salvador Says Personof Interest in Kansas City Murders Died, http://www.kctv5.com/Global/story.asp?S=1869075

68. Index Of Economic Freedom 2004 - Countries As a result, el salvador’s government intervention score is 0.5 pointbetter this year. In the same year, according to the International http://cf.heritage.org/index2004test/country2.cfm?id=ElSalvador

69. El Salvador Our government has remained intimately involved in every step of el salvador s political and economic development since the civil war ended in 1992. http://www.change-links.org/Elsalvadorelection.htm

El Salvador Go Back to Page 1 El Salvador Elections On Understanding the U.S. Factor: Presidential Elections in El Salvador and U.S. Intervention; El Salvador as part of the Latin American Crisis By: Daniella Ponet, National Program Organizer, (The Committee in Solidarity with the People of El Salvador ) CISPES Los Angeles CISPES delegates joined 50 other CISPES observers from around the country to monitor the presidential elections in El Salvador March 21, 2004. Over 1000 observers were in the country.] As the results of the March 21st presidential election in El Salvador became evident, and the rightwing ARENA party celebrated its victory, one question loomed large: what would these elections have looked like without the " U.S. factor"? Would the FMLN candidate, Schafik Handal now be president of El Salvador if the real issues facing the people of that country had been the determining factors? U.S. State Department intervention in the Salvadoran campaign started in June of last year and escalated in February when Assistant Secretary of State Roger Noriega went to El Salvador to denounce the leftist FMLN party and call on people to vote for someone who "shares our [

70. ARENA Party Of El Salvador In 1994 Calderon Sol was elected president. ARENA also solidified itscontrol over the other two branches of el salvador s government. http://www.icomm.ca/carecen/page71.html

ARENA Party of El Salvador ARENA: Nationalist Republican Aliance (Alianza Republicana Nacionalista) ARENA was formed in September 1981 by rightist military officers and landowners as well as leaders of the death squads . The volatile and charismatic In 1985, D'Aubuisson stepped down as party president in an apparent effort to moderate the party's image. His replacement, Alfredo Cristiani, was a wealthy coffee grower who had been considered D'Aubuisson's protégé. D'Aubuisson was named ARENA's "president for life" and he continued to weild much influence within the party until his death. With the declining popularity of the Christian Democrats and the improved image of ARENA cultivated by Cristiani, the U.S., which had once seen an ARENA presidential victory as a catastrophe, came to accept the new ARENA government which took power in 1989. Although the Cristiani administration initially indicated some openness to a negotiated end to the war, a spate of human rights abuses by the military and rightists, along with provocations from the FMLN, from September to November of 1989 signaled that the war was far from over. l Index of CARECEN's History of El Salvador CARECEN Homepage Human Rights Directory Site Map

71. UN Truth Commission On Salvadoran Death Squads el salvador has a long history of violence committed by groups thatare neither part of the government nor ordinary criminals. For http://www.icomm.ca/carecen/page46.html

UN Truth Commission on Salvadoran Death Squads In its final report, the U.N.-sponsored Truth Commission investigating human rights abuses presented a detailed history of the death squads. Excerpts from the report are presented below. El Salvador has a long history of violence committed by groups that are neither part of the Government nor ordinary criminals. For decades, it has been a fragmented society with a weak system of justice and a tradition of impunity for officials and members of the most powerful families who commit abuses. Â Violence has formed part of the exercise of official authority, directly guided by State officials. This has been reflected, throughout the country's history, in a pattern of conduct by the government and power elites of using violence as a means to control civilian society. In the past 150 years, a number of uprisings by peasants and indigenous groups have been violently suppressed by the State and by civilian groups armed by landowners. A kind of complicity developed between businessmen and landowners, who entered into a close relationship with the army and intelligence and security forces. The aim was to ferret out alleged foreign conspiracy. Â There were several stages in the process of formation of the death squads in this century. The National Guard was created and organized in 1910 and the following years. From its inception, members cooperated actively with large landowners, at times going so far as to crack down brutally on the peasant leagues and other rural groups that threatened their interests.

72. Equipo Nizkor: Human Rights In El Salvador Actions Actions from the World Organization Against Torture on el salvador. government Law Main salvador government Site; States of Emergency Laws Centre for http://www.derechos.org/nizkor/salvador/eng.html

El Salvador Almost a decade after the end of the civil war, El Salvador is struggling with its consequences. Impunity reigns, while threats to human rights defenders, torture and killings continue to raise their head occasionally. For more information see an intro to human rights in El Salvador Documents Reports UN ... Links Documents The Case of the Four Churchwomen Documents by Lawyers Committee for Human Rights El Salvador: War, Peace, and Human Rights, 1980-1994 Documents from the National Security Archive Woerner Report on El Salvador Reports Amnesty International Reports on El Salvador El Salvador Refugee Information US State Department Human Rights Reports for El Salvador US State Department Reports on Religious Freedom in El Salvador Human Rights Reports in Spanish UN Report of the UN Truth Commission on El Salvador April 1, 1993 On the Record : UN Human Rights Activities UN Documents in Spanish OAS IACHR Report on the Massacre of the Jesuits Dec. 1999 IACHR Report on the Human Rights Situation in El Salvador IACHR Annual Reports Analysis El Salvador's Death Squads: New Evidence from U.S. Documents

73. Stephen Johnson On El Salvador On National Review Online While the politics of polarity may have put another conservative at thehead of el salvador s government, there will be attendant costs. http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/johnson200403250909.asp

Home Corner Articles Authors ... Print Version March 25, 2004, 9:09 a.m. Uno El Salvador Divide-and-conquer is not the best policy. By Stephen Johnson P But division did pretty well in El Salvador, which held its presidential election last Sunday. National Republican Alliance (ARENA) candidate Tony Saca won, not so much because his right-wing party had moved toward the center following El Salvador's civil conflict in the 1980s, but because opponent Schafik Handal of the Farabundo Martí Liberation Front (FMLN) took his campaign back to his party's roots on the hard Left. Handal promised a retreat from a new free-trade pact with the United States and a realignment with Cuba while Saca innocuously offered to bolster public security, improve tax collection, and modernize the public-health system. But Saca also spoke to fears that his rival would govern as a populist autocrat and reverse many of El Salvador's free-market gains since the government and the guerrillas signed a peace accord in 1992. A record 65-percent participation rate suggests that many citizens responded to that message. ARENA won every "department" (El Salvador's equivalent of a state) and nearly every municipality.

74. Amnesty International: CENTRAL AMERICA And MEXICO - Human Rights Defenders On Th by the Commission on the Truth for el salvador (Truth Commission), established underthe 1992 Peace Agreements between the government of el salvador and the http://www.amnesty.org/ailib/intcam/cemexico/salvador.htm

I. HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS IN CENTRAL AMERICA El Salvador Table of Contents El Salvador :"A blindness of conscience" Targeting CDHES Attacks on other human rights defenders El Salvador: 'A blindness of conscience' "To threaten those who are part of civil organizations in society and human rights activists, who care about the problems of those in most need for justice in this country, shows nothing but a blindness of conscience, which does not allow them to see how much we need in this country the respect for human rights, as a foundation for the rule of law and peace." Oficina de Tutela Legal del Arzobispado, 28 June 1996 A fierce civil war raged in El Salvador during the 1980s and early 1990s between government forces and the armed opposition Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN). People from all sectors of society suspected of opposing the government became victims of human rights violations, including arbitrary arrest, torture, "disappearance" and extrajudicial executions. Human rights defenders paid a high price for their legitimate activities exposing government abuse during the war. Moreover, those responsible for these violations have not been punished for their hideous crimes. The killing of Archbishop Romero was investigated by the Commission on the Truth for El Salvador (Truth Commission), established under the 1992 Peace Agreements between the Government of El Salvador and the FMLN. In its 1993 report the Commission concluded that:

75. WorldLII - Categories - Countries - El Salvador - Government Official website of the Air Force; governments on the WWW el salvador Search Links to government websites of el salvador (on governments on the WWW); http://www.worldlii.org/catalog/50934.html

Contributors: Databases Recent Additions Translate Add a Link ... El Salvador Find any of these words all of these words this phrase this document title this Boolean query World Law Help Boolean Operators Search: All WorldLII Catalog All WorldLII Databases Law on Google Banco Central de Reserva de El Salvador Search Official site of the Central Reserve Bank of El Salvador (In Spanish and English) Embajada de El Salvador en Israel Search Embassy of El Salvador in Israel (In English and Spanish) Fuerza Armada de El Salvador Search Official website of the Armed Forces of El Salvador Fuerza Aérea Salvadoreña Search Official website of the Air Force Governments on the WWW: El Salvador Search Links to government websites of El Salvador (on Governments on the WWW) Ministerio de Hacienda Search Official website of the Ministry of Finance. Contains full text of legislation related to tax, customs, finance, procurement in PDF (in Spanish) Ministerio de Trabajo y Prevision Social (MTPS) Search Official website of the Ministry of Labour Ministerio del Interior Search Official website of the Ministry of Interior Oficina Nacional de Inversiones (ONI) Search Official website of the National Investment Office Presidencia de la República Search Official site of the Presidency of El Salvador (In Spanish) Procuraduría para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos Search Official website of the Office of the Human Rights Ombudsman (in Spanish) Superintendencia de Valores Search Site of the Superintendence of Securities of El Salvador. Contains legislation on securities market (In English and Spanish)

76. Updates Further, in the most recent polls, the majority (53.1%) of the population continueto affirm that they want a change in government in el salvador. http://www.cispes.org/english/Updates_and_Analysis/

Home Campaign Against CAFTA / FTAA Communiques - Action Alerts El Salvador Updates ... and Analysis El Salvador Watch Newsletter Donate Online Delegations Local Committees ... History Contact Us: CISPES National Office Telephone: Fax: Address: P.O. Box 8560 NY, NY 10116 email: cispes@cispes.org Contact the Webmaster El Salvador Updates FMLN Joins Popular Protests, Pledges to Carry on Struggle June 2, 2004 On Tuesday, June 1,Tony Saca was sworn in as the new president of El Salvador. In what sounded like a joke that went from bad to worse, Saca – former president of the National Association of Private Business (ANEP) – gave a speech applauding economic policies like CAFTA while throwing around the jargon of "human development," "social responsibility", "liberty" and "justice." All of the pomp and circumstance of the inauguration was made possible due to a giant militarized zone that prevented any protestors from getting close enough to deface the carefully crafted image of Saca as a populist president.

77. Brief History Of Government Brief history of el salvador s government. Military government havebeen in power most of the time since 1931, often responding to http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/9748/his_eng.html

Brief history of El Salvador's government Military government have been in power most of the time since 1931, often responding to political unrest with violent repression. Political violence increased sharply after the 1977 election in which General Carlos H. Romero became president. He was deposed in October 1979, but the military-civilian junta that replaced him was unable to stop the civil war between leftists and rightist. As a concession to the left, the junta proposed a limited land reform that affected about 25% of the land. At the same time, the junta, which was closeley linked to the right through the army, did little to control the rightist paramilitary National Guard. As a result, archbishop Oscar Arnulfo Romero, associated with the left, was assassinated in 1980 by the rightist. Under pressure from the U.S. to institute economic and human rights reform, the junta named Jose Napoleon Duarte, leader of the moderate Christian Democratic party, as president in December 1980. Although a small land-reform program was begun, fighting continued, as did rightist executions of farmers, peasents, and workers. The U.S. charging that the two main leftist groups, the Farabundo Marti National Liberation (FMLN) and the Revolutionary Democracy Front (FDR), were being helped by Nicaragua, Cuba, and the Soviet Union, increased its military and economic aid to the Salvadorian government (rightist) which were responsible for torturing and killing inocent people. In a 1982 election boycotted by the

78. Bowling For Columbine Library What A Wonderful World salvador. US aid helped to prop up el salvador s ruling party. Foryears, el salvador s democratic government had been corrupt. http://www.bowlingforcolumbine.com/library/wonderful/elsalvador.php

79. El Salvador el salvador 19301945 28 microfilm reels el salvador - Foreign Relations - Sourcesel salvador - Politics and government - 1838-1944 - Sources el salvador http://elibrary.unm.edu/subjects/LAWebGuide/EngMforms/Countries/ElSalvador.htm

Latin American Microforms Confidential U.S. Diplomatic Post Records: Central America, El Salvador 1930-1945 El Salvador - Foreign Relations - Sources El Salvador - Politics and government - 1838-1944 - Sources El Salvador - Politics and government - 1944-1979 - Sources Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files: El Salvador, 1945-1949 A guide is available on the Microforms Guides tables. El Salvador - History - 1944-1979 - Sources El Salvador - Foreign relations - Sources El Salvador - Politics and government - 1944-1979 - Sources Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files: El Salvador, 1950-1954 A guide is available on the Microforms Guides tables. El Salvador - History - 1944-1979 - Sources El Salvador - Foreign relations - Sources El Salvador - Politics and government - 1944-1979 - Sources Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files, El Salvador, 1955-1959 A guide is available on the Microforms Guides tables. El Salvador - History - 1944-1979 - Sources El Salvador - Foreign relations - Sources El Salvador - Politics and government - 1944-1979 - Sources El Salvador: The Making of U.S. Policy 1977-1984

80. El Salvador Adoption - Agencies Photolisting International Adoption Agency El Sa el salvador, government. Country name conventional long form Republicof el salvador conventional short form el salvador local http://el-salvador.adoption.com/files/government/El_Salvador.php?country=El_Salv

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