81. AllRefer Reference - Egypt - Government And Politics | Egyptian Information Reso egypt. government AND POLITICS. government Constitution of 1971 delegates majority of power to president, who dominates twochamber http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/egypt/egypt9.html

You are here allRefer Reference Egypt History ... Egypt Egypt GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS Government: Constitution of 1971 delegates majority of power to president, who dominates two-chamber legislaturelower People's Assembly and upper Consultative Council, created in 1978 from the old Central Committee of the Arab Socialist Unionand judiciary, although each constitutionally independent. President possesses virtually unrestricted power to appoint and dismiss officials, including vice president or vice-presidents, prime minister and members of Council of Ministers, military officers, and governors of the twenty-six administrative subdivisions known as governorates. Politics: President Husni Mubarak (1981- ), former military officer, as were his predecessors: Gamal Abdul Nasser (1954-70) and Anwar as Sadat (1970-81). Nasser was leader and Sadat member of Free Officers' group that overthrew monarchy in 1952 Revolution. President dominated National Democratic Party formed in 1977. Opposition composed of number of secular and religious parties in legislature, of which Muslim Brotherhood was the chief, and some nonparliamentary Islamic extremist groups. International Organizations: Member of United Nations and its specialized agencies; Organization of African Unity; and Nonaligned Movement. Founding member of League of Arab States (Arab League), headquartered in Cairo until after Egypt signed peace treaty with Israel in March 1979. Arab League expelled Egypt and moved headquarters out of country. In 1990 Arab League headquarters scheduled to return to Cairo.

82. BBC NEWS | Middle East | Egypt Presses Militants For Truce egypt s chief mediator said the talks aimed to achieve a proposal Israel would feel The government invited bids for plots of land in Ariel, the second largest http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3290425.stm

News Sport Weather World Service ... Programmes LANGUAGES Last Updated: Thursday, 4 December, 2003, 18:12 GMT E-mail this to a friend Printable version Egypt presses militants for truce Renewed violence wrecked a previous ceasefire Egyptian officials have told Palestinian militants meeting in Cairo not to leave without reaching agreement on a ceasefire with Israel. Egypt's chief mediator said the talks aimed to achieve a proposal Israel would feel unable to reject. Palestinian Prime Minister Ahmed Qurei, meanwhile, said he will join in the negotiations at the weekend. As the talks began, Israel moved ahead with plans to build new homes in a Jewish settlement on the West Bank. The government invited bids for plots of land in Ariel, the second largest Jewish settlement in the West Bank, but Palestinians said the step threatened to undermine the Cairo talks. "We urge the Israeli Government at the time we are about to engage in serious dialogue in Cairo and are preparing for a meeting of the two [Israeli and Palestinian] prime ministers to stop unilateral acts of settlement expansion," said Palestinian minister Saeb Erekat. Demands on Israel Twelve Palestinian factions, which have carried out scores of suicide bombings and other armed attacks against Israel, began truce talks scheduled to last three days on Thursday.

83. BBC NEWS | Entertainment | Arts | Egypt Calls For Return Of Rosetta Stone The Egyptian government is now asking the UK to loan it to the Cairo museum for a threemonth period, something the British Museum is unlikely to grant, with a http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm

Home TV Radio Talk ... Programmes Last Updated: Monday, 21 July, 2003, 14:00 GMT 15:00 UK E-mail this to a friend Printable version Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone The Rosetta Stone dates from 196 BC Egyptian authorities are calling for the British Museum to return the 2,000-year-old Rosetta Stone to Cairo. The artefact is one of the British Museum's most prize pieces, helping to attract millions of visitors each year. The stone was discovered in 1799 at the mouth of the Nile and provided a key insight into hieroglyphics because it was accompanied by the Greek translation. The French yielded it to the British in 1801 and it has been housed in the British Museum since 1802. The Egyptian Government is now asking the UK to loan it to the Cairo museum for a three-month period, something the British Museum is unlikely to grant, with a view to taking it back for good. Rebuff Vivian Davies, Egyptian curator at the British Museum, told BBC News: "What curator in the British Museum would actually want to see leave an object that is absolutely core to our function as an institution that not only presents Egyptian antiquities but also Egyptian antiquities as a part of the civilisation of the world." There are Egyptian antiquities in museum collections around the world, with the Berlin Museum holding the bust of Queen Nefertiti - another relic Egypt wants returned.

84. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Egypt - Government And Political Conditions Click Here. World Africa egypt government and Political Conditions (Notes). egypt government and Political Conditions (Notes). http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/eg/Egypt_government_summary.htm

Home World Map Rankings Currency Converter Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Egypt (Notes) Egypt - Government and Political Conditions (Notes) GOVERNMENT AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS The Egyptian Constitution provides for a strong executive. Authority is vested in an elected president who can appoint one or more vice presidents, a prime minister, and a cabinet. The president's term runs for 6 years. Egypt's legislative body, the People's Assembly, has 454 members444 popularly elected and 10 appointed by the president. The constitution reserves 50% of the assembly seats for 'workers and peasants.' The assembly sits for a 5-year term but can be dissolved earlier by the President. There also is a 264-member Shura (consultative) Council, in which 88 members are appointed and 174 elected for 6-year terms. Below the national level, authority is exercised by and through governors and mayors appointed by the central government and by popularly elected local councils. Opposition party organizations make their views public and represent their followers at various levels in the political system, but power is concentrated in the hands of the President and the National Democratic Party majority in the People's Assembly and those institutions dominate the political system. In addition to the ruling National Democratic Party, there are 16 other legally recognized parties. The November 2000 elections were generally considered to have been more transparent and better executed than past elections, because of universal judicial monitoring of polling stations. On the other hand, opposition parties continue to lodge credible complaints about electoral manipulation by the government. There are significant restrictions on the political process and freedom of expression for non-governmental organizations, including professional syndicates and organizations promoting respect for human rights.

85. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Egypt - Government Facts And Figures egypt government (Facts). Country name conventional long form Arab Republic of egypt conventional short form egypt local short http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/eg/Egypt_government.htm

Home World Map Rankings Currency Converter Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Egypt (Facts) Egypt - Government (Facts) Country name: conventional long form: Arab Republic of Egypt conventional short form: Egypt local short form: Misr former: United Arab Republic (with Syria) local long form: Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah Government type: republic Capital: Cairo Administrative divisions: 26 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Ad Daqahliyah, Al Bahr al Ahmar, Al Buhayrah, Al Fayyum, Al Gharbiyah, Al Iskandariyah, Al Isma'iliyah, Al Jizah, Al Minufiyah, Al Minya, Al Qahirah, Al Qalyubiyah, Al Wadi al Jadid, Ash Sharqiyah, As Suways, Aswan, Asyut, Bani Suwayf, Bur Sa'id, Dumyat, Janub Sina', Kafr ash Shaykh, Matruh, Qina, Shamal Sina', Suhaj Independence: 28 February 1922 (from UK) National holiday: Revolution Day, 23 July (1952) Constitution: 11 September 1971 Legal system: based on English common law, Islamic law, and Napoleonic codes; judicial review by Supreme Court and Council of State (oversees validity of administrative decisions); accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory

86. Egypt - Government And Politics egypt has been governed by powerful centralized rule since ancient times This experience produced a propensity toward authoritarian government that persisted http://countrystudies.us/egypt/105.htm

Government and Politics Egypt Table of Contents The 1952 Revolution against the traditional monarchy, led by Gamal Abdul Nasser's group of nationalist-reformist Free Officers, gave birth to the contemporary republic. Nasser forged the new state, suppressing the rudiments of pluralism and creating a president-dominated, military-led authoritarian-bureaucratic regime with a single party and a subordinated parliament, press, and judiciary. Nasser's charismatic leadership and the populist achievements of the 1952 Revolutionparticularly land reform, social welfare, and a nationalist foreign policylegitimized the new regime. Nasser gave the state a broader base of support than it had hitherto enjoyed, a base that embraced a populist coalition of the army, the bureaucracy, the middle class, and the masses. Nasser's successor, Anwar as Sadat, adapted the state to a "post-populist" era. The major vulnerabilities of the Nasser regime were its lack of strong support among the Egyptian landed and business classes and, after the 1967 defeat by Israel, its alienation from the United States, the superpower whose support was needed to resolve the conflict with Israel. Although Sadat assumed power as Nasser's vice president and was a veteran of the revolution, he soon reoriented the policies of the state to reconcile it with the need for support from the Egyptian middle class and for a good relationship with the United States. While retaining the essential structures of the Nasserist state, he carried out a limited political liberalization and an economic and diplomatic

87. Egyptian Government Openly Discriminatest and the US State Department have noted the lack of attention paid to Coptic history in egypt s schools, the scant number of Copts in high government posts and http://www.copts.net/detail.asp?id=395

88. Egyptian Government Openly Discriminatest the egyptian magazine, AlMusawwar, a government funded and largerly-controlled magazine published an interview with top three Islamic clerics in egypt. http://www.copts.net/detail.asp?id=227

89. Civilization.ca - Egyptian Civilization - Government Pharoah depicted in Deir El Medina Tomb of Inherka; CMC PCD 2001272-082 government and religion were inseparable in ancient egypt. http://www.civilization.ca/civil/egypt/egcgov1e.html

QUICK LINKS Home page Archaeology Arts and Crafts Civilizations Cultures First Peoples History Treasures Military history Artifact catalogue Library catalogue Other Web sites Boutique G overnment and religion were inseparable in ancient Egypt. The pharaoh was the head of state and the divine representative of the gods on earth. Religion and government brought order to society through the construction of temples , the creation of laws, taxation, the organization of labour, trade with neighbours and the defence of the country’s interests. The pharaoh was assisted by a hierarchy of advisors, priests, officials and administrators, who were responsible for the affairs of the state and the welfare of the people. Ancient Egypt could not have achieved such stability and grandeur without the co-operation of all levels of the population. The pharaoh was at the top of the social hierarchy. Next to him, the most powerful officers were the viziers, the executive heads of the bureaucracy. Under them were the high priests, followed by royal overseers (administrators) who ensured that the 42 district governors carried out the pharaoh's orders. At the bottom of the hierarchy were the scribes, artisans, farmers and labourers. Pharaohs Royal Women Royal Symbols Bureaucracy ... The Military see also: Kingship main menu civilization Created: January 9, 1998

90. Islamic Opposition Group Sides With Egyptian Government Security Court in July sentenced Ibrahim to seven years in prison for embezzlement, receiving funds without government s approval and tarnishing egypt s image. http://www.democracy-egypt.org/files/Press/2002/08-19-02AssociatedPress.htm

91. Egypt-Government The summary for this English page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://www.arabinfoseek.com/egypt-government.htm

Search General Info Art Culture Arab Diaspora ... Yemen Egypt-Government Home Up Egypt Books Egyptian Cities ... Egypt-Entertainment Egypt-Government Egypt-Health Egypt History Egypt-Literature Egypt-News ... Egypt State Information Service Site has a Mirror in the U.S. Legal Research and Resource Center for Human Rights, Cairo Majlis Al-Sha'ab (The People's Assembly) Ministry of Education ... Japan Foundation Cairo Office promotes cultural exchange activities, ranging from academic pursuits to arts, sports and general life culture. US Agency for International Development in Egypt USAID Egypt - provides program and contact information. Egyptian Armed Forces Economic Indicators Ministry of Economy The Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA) ... Egypt-Embassies © 2000-2003 arabinfoseek.com New York info@arabinfoseek.com

92. Zawya.com | Arab Business And Finance Abu Kir Engineering Industries Company, egypt, government, Manufacturing, Fabricated Abu Zaabal Company for Speciality Chemicals, egypt, government, Manufacturing, http://www.zawya.com/cm/companylookup.cfm?Country=307

93. Zawya.com | Arab Business And Finance Company Name, Country, Ownership, Sector, Industry, Links. Alexandria Acrylic Fibers Company, egypt, government, Oil Alexandria Mineral Oil Company, egypt, government, Oil http://www.zawya.com/cm/companylookup.cfm?Sector=08&Industry=0810&Country=307

94. National Guidelines In Egypt - Government - Equal Employment Opportunities National Guidelines in egypt government. Ministry of Social Affairs. 2 nd National Conference on egyptian Women. The conference adopted http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/eeo/guide/egypt/gov.htm

Employment Index Egypt e.quality@work National Guidelines in Egypt - Government Ministry of Social Affairs nd National Conference on Egyptian Women Fourth Five-Year Plan for Social and Economic Development (1998-2002) Expanding employment opportunities and workers' incomes Expanding production in the private sector by 10% a year Putting all children eligible for receiving compulsory education in school Improving the rate of women's participation in the economy and in society Lowering the mortality rates of infants, pregnant women and nursing mothers Decreasing the population growth rate within 5 years, from 1.94% to 1.66% Linking economic development to the international environment Statement of Mrs. Suzanne Mubarak to Special Session of the General Assembly "Women 2000: Gender Equality, Development and Peace for the Twenty-First Centry" The Statement includes a call for a "Trust Fund for Women or a Global Facility for Women" which would unify global resources for gender issues, and serve as an umbrella organization to institutions/programmes responsible for policy formulation. Index Egypt e.quality@work

95. WoYaa Search Engine - Africa References Online - COUNTRIES/EGYPT/GOVERNMENT Browse the Web categories COUNTRIES/egypt/government - brought to you by WoYaa! Africa Directory. Welcome to WoYaa! http://www.woyaaonline.com/links/COUNTRIES/EGYPT/GOVERNMENT/

Welcome to WoYaa! Your premier African search engine and Web sites directory since 1997. African Web Sites By Country Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde CAR Chad Comoros Congo Djibouti Egypt EQ. Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria RD Congo Rwanda Sao Tome Senegal Seychelles Siserra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda W. Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe Forums POLITICS ROMANCE HEALTH Classifieds BUSINESS JOBS REAL ESTATES CONFERENCES ... TRAVEL Pages: 1 TOP COUNTRIES EGYPT : GOVERNMENT Links Welcome to the British Embassy in Cairo Our job is to handle day-to-day relations between the United Kingdom and Egypt. The Embassy is made up of different sections. Commercial section promotes two-way trade and investment. Development section manages a bilateral assistance programme. Political section focuses on the bilateral relationship between our two governments. Consular section looks after the interests of British citizens in Egypt. Visa section issues entry clearances for people travelling from Egypt to the UK. The Press and Public Affairs Section provides up-to-date information about Britain to the press and members of the public. Cool (Added: Sat Jul 28 2001 Hits: 108 Rating: 1.00 Votes: 1)

96. Niebuhr, Travels Through Arabia And Other Countries In The East. Volume I. Secti Among the Beys who held the government of egypt, when I was in that country, was one, who, even then, had begun to distinguish himself, and has since made a http://www.dinsdoc.com/niebuhr-1-3.htm

Dinsmore Documentation presents Western Views of the Muslim World Author: Niebuhr, Carsten. Title: Travels through Arabia and Other Countries in the East. Citation: Edinburgh: Printed for R. Morison and Son, 1792. Subdivision: Volume I. Section III. HTML by Dinsmore Documentation * Added February 10, 2004 Table of Contents Chapters in This Section I. Of the Nature of the Egyptian Government II. III. Of the Divan, and the Beys IV. Of the Police of the Cities V. Of the Egyptian Agriculture VI. Of the Arts of Sublimating Sal Ammoniac, and of Hatching Chickens VII. Of the Trade of Egypt SECTION III. of the government, arts, and trade of egypt. Chap. I Of the Nature of the Egyptian Government. The Turks, as is generally known, conquered Egypt in the beginning of the sixteenth century, from the Mammelukes; a mercenary militia, who had, for some centuries, usurped the Government of this province, which they administered by an elective chief, wlth the title of Sultan. This species of Government seems still to subsist, just as much as before the Turkish conquest; and, with all their despotic pride, they have never attempted to change it. A form of Government that has prevailed so long, and which a haughty, and powerful conqueror durst not abolish, must have, within itself, some principle of stability, to maintain it against revolution. It might deserve to be better known, and explained by some intelligent person

97. WorldLII - Categories - Countries - Egypt - Government government Online Search In Arabic; governments on the WWW egypt Search Links to egyptian government websites (on governments on the WWW); http://www.worldlii.org/catalog/53146.html

Contributors: Databases Recent Additions Translate Add a Link ... Egypt Find any of these words all of these words this phrase this document title this Boolean query World Law Help Boolean Operators Search: All WorldLII Catalog All WorldLII Databases Law on Google Central Bank of Egypt Search Official website of the Central Bank of Egypt Egyptian Armed Forces Search Official website Egyptian Presidency Search Official website in English General Authority for Investment and Free Zones (GAFI) Search Official website Government On-line Search In Arabic Governments on the WWW: Egypt Search Links to Egyptian government websites (on Governments on the WWW) Ministry Industry and Technology Development (MITD) Search Official website Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation (MALR) Search Official website (in English and Arab) Ministry of Foreign Affairs Official website Ministry of Foreign Trade Official website Ministry of Manpower and Emigration Search Official website of the Emigration Section of the Ministry WorldLII: Feedback URL: http://www.worldlii.org/catalog/53146.html

98. Steven Stalinsky On Egypt & War On National Review Online for the egyptian embassy in DC, responded with a letter, entitled Where egypt Stands, which ignored the charges made against his government and instead http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-stalinsky112101.shtml

BACK TO NRO The Truth About Egypt In plain English. By Steven Stalinsky, executive director of the Middle East Media Research Institute November 21, 2001 7:45 a.m. n editorial in a major Arab newspaper recently claimed that American planes flying over Afghanistan had dropped "genetically treated" food into areas full of land mines, in order to impair the population's health — and to maim and kill those hungry enough to risk gathering the food. These fictitious claims were made in the October 20 edition of Al-Ahram , a newspaper controlled and run by the Egyptian government. When the Western press picked up on the story, Al-Ahram 's editor-in-chief responded, on November 1: "These reports are drawn from the announcements of the Taliban heads themselves, who know best what is happening in their land." The editor went on to accuse the United States of waging a "deranged campaign aimed at punishing the Afghan people" by "expanding the attacks and directing them at innocent civilians." While the Egyptian government remains unwilling to acknowledge that the United States is viciously maligned in its media on a daily basis, their game of saying one thing in English and another in Arabic has not gone unnoticed in Washington. A series of

99. CNS - Al-Jihad Al-Islami Profile primary goal is to overthrow the egyptian government and replace it with an Islamic state, and to attack US and Israeli interests in egypt and abroad. 1,2. http://cns.miis.edu/research/wtc01/aljihad.htm

Home Publications 9-11 Attacks Terrorism Special Section: Terrorist Attacks on America Al-Jihad al-Islami Name: Al-Jihad al-Islami, also known as Egyptian Islamic Jihad, al-Jihad, Islamic Jihad, Jihad Group Type: religious (fundamentalist) Ideology: The group seeks to establish Islamic rule in Egypt by force and targets any secular establishment that they believe to be heretical, especially secular Arab governments. Al-Jihad al-Islami's primary goal is to "overthrow the Egyptian government and replace it with an Islamic state," and to attack "U.S. and Israeli interests in Egypt and abroad."[1,2] Description: The group has been called an "Egyptian Islamic extremist group" active since the late 1970s, and a "close partner of Bin Laden's Al-Qaida organization." Al-Jihad al-Islami is a large, loosely organized militant group active since the late 1970s in Egypt. Most of the group's attacks have been against Egyptian and other government officials.[1,2] Al-Jihad al-Islami is believed to pursue more high-profile government targets than other Egyptian Islamist groups. Group Leader: unknown; spiritual leader Sheikh Omar Abd al-Rahman, suspected leader Ayman al-Zawahiri

100. Terrorism: Q & A | Egypt Congress have frequently expressed alarm at the antiAmerican, anti-Israeli, and sometimes antisemitic writings common in egypt’s government-controlled press http://cfrterrorism.org/coalition/egypt.html

Table of Contents Home Afghanistan The Country ... Al-Qaeda (Afghanistan, Islamists) Osama bin Laden (al-Qaeda leader) Hamas, Islamic Jihad (Palestinian Islamists) Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades (Palestinian nationalists) PFLP, DFLP, PFLP-GC (Palestinian leftists) Hezbollah (Lebanon, Islamists) Jamaat al-Islamiyya, Egyptian Islamic Jihad (Egypt, Islamists) Armed Islamic Group (Algeria, Islamists) Kashmir Militant Extremists (Kashmir, Islamists) Mujahedeen-e-Khalq (Iranian rebels) Abu Nidal Organization (Iraq, extremists) Kach, Kahane Chai (Israel, extremists) Chechnya-based Terrorists (Russia, separatists) East Turkestan Islamic Movement (China, separatists) Kurdistan Workers’ Party (Turkey, separatists) Jemaah Islamiyah (Southeast Asia, Islamists) Abu Sayyaf Group (Philippines, Islamist separatists) Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (Sri Lanka, separatists) Irish Republican Army (U.K., separatists) IRA Splinter Groups (U.K., separatists) Northern Ireland Loyalist Paramilitaries (U.K., extremists) Basque Fatherland and Liberty (Spain, separatists) November 17, Revolutionary People’s Struggle

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