121. Ancient History On The Web Mesopotamian texts and links. Gilgamesh Summary history of AncientEgypt From Northwestern University. history of Christianity in http://web.uccs.edu/~history/index/ancient.html

General Sources Ancient Greece The Roman Empire Internet Classics Archive : online western and eastern classics sponsored by the MIT program in Writing and Humanistic Studies H istory of the A ncient W orld Research on the Web European, Asian/African Other History Pages U.S. History Pages Click here for H-Net Reviews On- line reviews of books and other multi-media ources. See especially H-World. Best of the Best The Perseus Digital Library Largest online collection of ancient history texts; collaborative effort of 14 universities. Ancient World Web index of sites, institutions, everything about ancient world Byzantium: Byzantine Studies on the Internet vital and growing site for Byzantine Studies Classical Atlas Project cartography of the ancient world Diotima materials for the study of women and gender in the ancient world General Sources ABZU: Guide to Resources for the Study of the Ancient Near East Ancient History: A Trip Back in Time Topics include the Babylonian, Anatolian and Sumerian civilizations. Ancient Medicine Ancient Western Civilizations Information on the Anglo-Saxon, the Celt and Norse cultures.

122. Ancient Nubia: Egypt's Rival In Africa --ONLINE! An exhibit presented by the Kelsey Museum of Archaeology includes a press release which provides historical background and overview, an illustrated article titled The Building of the First Aswan Dam and the Inundation of Lower Nubia, and a gallery of artifacts. http://www.umich.edu/~kelseydb/Exhibits/AncientNubia/index.html

The Kelsey Museum of Archaeology presents Ancient Nubia: Egypt's Rival in Africa This exhibit was organized by the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania. An additional installation of archive photographs from the collections of the Kelsey Museum depicts the construction and early history of the first Aswam Dam, and serves as a preface to Ancient Nubia: Egypt's Rival in Africa Click here to read the press release for the exhibit. Click here to learn about the first Aswan dam, its effects on the region, and to see some related photographs. Click here to see some artifacts in the exhibit. These artifacts are from the collections of the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania. For more information, contact the University Museum directly. It should be noted that the quality of these images has been intentionally compromised to discourage their unauthorized use.

123. Religion Of Ancient Egypt Introduction to ancient Egyptian Religion including mummification, temples, Gods and Goddesses, and creation myths. http://www.historylink101.net/egypt_1/religion.htm

Religion of Ancient Egypt Religion was very important to the Ancient Egyptians. Their religion was strongly influenced by tradition, which caused them to resist change. "Egyptians did not question the beliefs which had been handed down to them; they did not desire change in their society. Their main aim throughout their history was to emulate the conditions which they believed had existed at the dawn of creation" (Pg. 81, David, 1988). One of the very strong traditions was that of Divine Kingship. Divine Kingship is the belief that the Pharaoh was not only the King (political ruler) but also a god. The Pharaoh was associated with Horus, son of Re the sun god. Later it was believed that at death he became Osiris, or an Osiris, and would help the Egyptians in their afterlife. Due to their beliefs, the Pharaoh held an immense amount of power. In addition, the priests in Ancient Egypt were also very powerful. When things were going well, the people believed the priest and pharaoh were doing their jobs well; when things in the country were not going well, the people believed the pharaoh and the priest were to blame. The religion of Ancient Egypt was a polytheistic (many gods) religion with one short period of monotheism (one god). Their religion hosted about 700 different gods and goddesses. In addition, it was not uncommon for deities to be combined to form a new deity.

124. Detroit Institute Of Arts : Permanent Collection - Ancient Art - Egypt The basic principles of Egyptian sculpture and its symbolism are discussed and illustrated here. http://www.dia.org/collections/ancient/egypt/egypt.html

The works here demonstrate the basic principles of Egyptian sculpture in its symbolic formality. For over three thousand years the Egyptians adhered to a prescribed set of rules as to how a work of art in three dimensions should be presented. Egyptian art was highly symbolic and a painting or sculpture was not meant to be a record of a momentary impression. Apparent differences were the result of subtle changes, not an altered conception of art or its role in society. Of the materials used by the Egyptian sculptor clay, wood, metal, ivory, and stone stone was the most plentiful and permanent, available in a wide variety of colors and hardness. Sculpture was often painted in vivid hues as well. Egyptian sculpture has two qualities that are distinctive; it can be characterized as cubic and frontal. It nearly always echoes in its form the shape of the stone cube or block from which it was fashioned, partly because it was an image conceived from four viewpoints. The front of almost every statue is the most important part and the figure sits or stands facing strictly to the front. This suggests to the modern viewer that the ancient artist was unable to create a naturalistic representation, but it is clear that this was not the intention. Seated Man Seated Scribe Nebwenenef

125. Symbol, Form And Number In Ancient Egypt Includes math examples from the Rhind papyrus and Babylonian tablets. Also, discusses early Egyptian mythology. http://www.seshat.ch/

126. The Stargazers Of Ancient Egypt | Science And Technology | BBC World Service Dr Kate Spence's theory of the cardinal alignment of Great Pyramid explained. http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/highlights/001116_pyramids.shtml

Front Page WORLD News Sport Business Entertainment ... Site Map REGIONS Africa Americas Asia-Pacific Europe ... South Asia SERVICES About Us Contact Us Help Text Only ... Mobile/PDAs You are in: Front Page Science and Technology Friday 17 November, 2000 The Stargazers of Ancient Egypt The Great Pyramid of Giza, among the seven wonders of the ancient world, points towards the celestial north pole with a margin of error of only a tiny fraction of one degree. Now Dr. Kate Spence, a British Egyptologist, believes she may have solved two of the great mysteries of archaeology - how the ancient Egyptians aligned the pyramid with such remarkable geographical accuracy and when the vast royal tomb was built. John Duce reports for Science in Action Listen to an extract of the Dr Spence interview here Pointing north The Great Pyramid is a master of precision. Comprised of an estimated 2.5 million limestone blocks, archaeologists have known for over a century that the Great Pyramid was pointed almost exactly north, but nobody has been able to explain how the ancient Egyptians managed to align it with such unprecedented accuracy. The deviation in accuracy is minute as Dr. Spence explains:

127. Ancient Egypt ancient egypt. If you wish to use any information or pictures from this website,please email Darlene.Bishop@kent.k12.wa.us. Life in ancient egypt. http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/staff/dbishop/egypt/egypt.html

Ancient Egypt If you wish to use any information or pictures from this website, please e-mail Darlene.Bishop@kent.k12.wa.us Pre Dynastic and Archaic (pre 2660 B.C.) Sakkarah Hieroglyphics ... Bibliography Other pages created by Darlene include one on Kenya and one on Ancient Rome Return to Egypt Main Menu Return to Mattson Home Page Return to Bishop Home Page

128. ThinkQuest : Library : Egypteers Read about pharaohs, mummies, sphinxes, and pyramids. Play games including an Egptian maze and a word scramble. http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0215618/

Index Education Egypteers This site about Ancient Egypt is educational and easy to understand. You can learn about the Nile River, Egyptian mythology, pharaohs, hieroglyphics, and, of course, the pyramids. There are some games and a quiz to see what you learned. Visit Site 2002 ThinkQuest USA Want to build a ThinkQuest site? The ThinkQuest site above is one of thousands of educational web sites built by students from around the world. Click here to learn how you can build a ThinkQuest site. Privacy Policy

129. The Eye Of Horus Symbol Of Ancient Egyptian Religion The esoteric Eye of Horus religious symbol of ancient Egyptian religion was inspired by the Eye of God and winged sun disk that are manifested during total solar eclipses. http://eyeofhorussymbol.homestead.com

The Winged Eye Symbol An Egyptian Astronomer's Horus/Eclipse Thesis 'Pedigree of the Phoenix' - My extensively researched and well illustrated essay The ubiquitous Eye of Horus symbol of ancient Egyptian religion can be quite readily shown to have been inspired by the or the EA Wallis Budge The Eye of Horus symbol does not usually show the wings of the solar falcon god however the Egyptians also had a closely related winged version The Winged Sun Disk Symbol of Ancient Egypt 1991 Total Solar Eclipse Photo by Serge Koutchmy A perfectly black disk, ringed with bright spiky Jack B. Zirker Astronomer Emeritus Sacramento Peak - National Solar Observatory describing the 1980 total eclipse of the sun Photo by Robin Edgar THE EYE OF H O RUS SYMBOL OF ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RELIGION Photo by Robin Edgar A perfectly black disk, ringed with bright spiky Jack B. Zirker Astronomer Emeritus Sacramento Peak - National Solar Observatory describing the 1980 total eclipse of the sun 1991 Total Solar Eclipse Photo by Serge Koutchmy This "Web Sight" evolved a bit on: November 8, 2003 Robin Edgar may be contacted at - Until the next appearance of the Eye of Horus in the skies over Antarctica during the total eclipse of the sun The Winged Sun Disk Symbol of Ancient Egypt The ubiquitous Eye of Horus symbol of ancient Egyptian religion can be quite readily shown to have been inspired by the or the EA Wallis Budge The Eye of Horus symbol does not usually show the wings of the solar falcon god however the Egyptians also had a closely related

130. Ancient Egypt Recipe for Honeyed Carrots, and Beef and Okra Casserole. http://www.nknox.k12.in.us/elem/east/egypt1.htm

131. Ancient Egypt: Voyages Of Exploration A summary of early Egyptian voyages along the eastern African coast and the attempted circumnavigation of Africa. http://nefertiti.iwebland.com/timelines/topics/exploration.htm

Ancient Egypt: Voyages of exploration - voyages to Punt by Henenu and under Hatshepsut, the circumnavigation of Africa under Necho Printout For best results save the whole webpage (pictures included) onto your hard disk, open the page with Word 97 or higher, edit if necessary and print. Queen of Punt Tomb of Hatshepsut (Art History Resources, Duke University) Voyages of Exploration Henenu The Egyptians undertook major journeys from very early times. The oldest record of a journey to Punt is on the Palermo stone, dated to the 5th dynasty . During the 11th Dynasty, Henenu with three thousand men transported the materials for building ships through Wadi Hammamat to the coast of the Red Sea. I left Koptos on the road set by his majesty. The soldiers I had with me came from the south. All the king's officials, the men from the city and the village, marched behind me. The scouts opened up the road ahead repulsing the king's enemies. All the officials obeyed me. They were in constant touch with the runners... The Red Land they had to cross was desert and the provisioning of such a large army difficult. This was exacerbated by the fact that camels were unavailable until Persian times and donkeys had to be used.

132. Four Fat Chicks -- Riddle Of The Sphinx Review If you like ancient egypt, challenging puzzles with actual clues, and first person exploration of fascinating environments, Riddle of the Sphinx is for you. http://fourfatchicks.com/Reviews/Riddle_of_the_Sphinx/ROTS.shtml

Riddle of the Sphinx: An Egyptian Adventure Review by Enigma February 2002 What is the eternal allure of those mysterious, beautiful, decaying objects, hidden chambers in crumbling tombs, hieroglyphics, statues, and mummies of ancient Egypt? Whatever it is, you'll feel it as you make your way through the Great Pyramid of Cheops in this highly intriguing game. Riddle of the Sphinx plunges you into all of it and pushes it to the max. Yes, yes, I know. Adventure games use ancient Egypt as a setting far too often. In Riddle of the Sphinx you'll remember why. It's real adventure, and it's great stuff. And to think that the whole thing was made almost entirely by only two people, Jeff and Karen Tobler, a husband and wife team! The game does have some weaknesses—you'll be taking too many notes and screenshots, you can't drop unnecessary items from the inventory, you'll notice that Jeff Tobler can't act—but the awesome graphics, constantly changing, elaborate environments and intriguing puzzles easily overcome those frustrations. The word I kept hearing myself saying was "amazing." The Story Gameplay You'll find abundant, exquisite, fascinating areas to explore within the Great Pyramid and beyond it, and the gameplay doesn't have to be entirely linear.

133. Everyday Life And Fun In Ancient Egypt Pictures and descriptions of ancient Egyptian pastimes, dance, games, and sports. http://kravcev9.tripod.com/arch3/

document.isTrellix = 1; var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Everyday Life Dance, Partys Games Guest Book, Links, WebRings Everyday Life And Fun In Ancient Egypt ENTER HERE contact NEW : Aquarelle gallery - Special charity discount sale, untill the New Year 2002 ! Oil on canvas gallery of the well known - Misha Kravcev Kravcev - Photo Album wonderful world of Misha Kravcev ... back to ANCIENT WORLDS

134. The Ancient Egypt Film Site Information on past and present films dealing with ancient egypt or egyptology. http://www.wepwawet.nl/films/

135. Museum Grant Clever ideas and class projects for Early Man, Mesopotamia, egypt, Greece, Rome, China and ancient Africa. http://www.cmi.k12.il.us/Urbana/projects/AncientCiv/

Urbana Middle School Other Ancient Culture Resources History of Ancient Cultures An extremely thorough index of resources on every culture and history topic you could think of Exploring Ancient World Cultures Large collection of resources of most anceint world cultures International Museum of the Horse A Chronological Trip Through the History of Humans and the Horse MCC Buried Cities and Lost Tribes Time Travel to many ancient cultures Ancient History Links Many, many links to ancient history resources Join us on our first field trips as we begin our project. Study the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World This site is listed in the BBC Education Web Guide. The best learning resources on the Net are only a click away! This is a work in progress. This project was first implemented during the 1997-98 school year. with the support of a Museum In the Classroom grant from ISBE. Pamela Van Walleghen vanwalpa@knight.cmi.k12.il.us Renee Cooper cooperdr@knight.cmi.k12.il.us Last update: October 16, 2003

136. BBC News | FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT | Climate Threatens Egypt's Treasures Examines the problem of higher humidity in the Nile River Valley, and its effects on ancient objects and buildings; by Malcolm Billings, BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/from_our_own_correspondent/1966886.stm

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH You are in: World: From Our Own Correspondent Front Page World ... AudioVideo SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobiles/PDAs Feedback ... Low Graphics Saturday, 4 May, 2002, 12:36 GMT 13:36 UK Climate threatens Egypt's treasures The desert at Saqqara used to be as dry as a bone Malcolm Billings In Egypt The climate in the Nile valley used to be as dry as a bone, enabling remarkable preservation of ancient treasures. But archaeologists believe this is changing and objects and buildings that have survived for thousands of years are threatened with destruction. Malcolm Billings joined a group of Dutch archaeologists at an excavation in the desert at Saqqara, north of Cairo. That's all we find now instead of wooden objects - just piles of dust. For the archaeologists it's a tragedy Dr Maartin Raven The archaeologists took no chances on the perpendicular ladder inside the tomb shaft. I strapped on a harness and followed Dr Maartin Raven of Leiden Museum down to the main tomb chamber about 20 feet under the surface. A team of Egyptian workmen were collecting sand in buckets and hoisting them up to the surface.

137. Egyptmyth.com List of links to sites dealing with ancient egypt. http://www.egyptmyth.com/

138. English A review of a selfpublished work in German by Rizq Makram with a novel appproach to aspect of sun-worship in ancient egypt. Also a sharp critique of the work. http://www.makram.com/english.htm

Reprint from LE MUSÉON LOUVAIN 1972 Review of Claude Vandersleyen Makram, Rizq: Kulturgeist und Kulturleib. Kulturpsychologie des alten Aegypten, with an introduction by Igor A. Caruso. 2. edition. Tuebingen. Selfpublished, 1970. XII, 192 pages, 6 figs., 230 x 150mm. (This book is dedicated woth reverence and gratitude to a distinguished German, Dr. Walther Gebhardt, Director, retd. , of the university library of Tuebingen). Makram obviously uses psychology to be able to penetrate into the spirit of Egypt during the pharaonic age; and, for studying the men of the past, he makes use of what these sciences teach us about the behaviour of a human being in general, his conscious or unconscious motives, over the enormous collection and pictures and originates from our personal lives, - from the family, and also from smaller or larger groups to which we belong, including the group of mankind as a whole. So far as I know, no review of the first edition had appeared, except a short uncritical notice in the "Orientalia miscellanea" of the "Bibliotheca Orientalis" 27 (1970), page 126. Similarly also I could not find the work cited in any recent study or related questions. Both the editions were published in Tübingen under the sole responsibility of the author; no further writing from his hand is known to me. The preface contains - ununderstandable for me - allusions to quarrels and rivalries, and even to a lawsuit on spiritual theft, all of which have probably led to a delay in the first publication. So far as the transmission of newer facts and their incorporation did not proceed at a more slower pace than I can imagine, should we then not visualize in this silence an attitude of rejection toward this book?

139. Ancient Egypt Intro The ROM houses a permanent ancient Egyptian collection and has an online archive of traveling exhibitions housed. http://www.rom.on.ca/egypt/

Please send your comments to info@rom.on.ca Royal Ontario Museum

140. The Bibliography Of Ancient Egypt Categorized listing of books, cdroms, videos, cds and audiobooks with much information, including ISBNs, publisher and reviews. http://www.ptahhotep.com/

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