61. History Of Ecuador - Ministry Of Tourism - Ecuador Introduction The first phase ecuador s history began somewhere between 15,000and 20,000 BC with the rise of indigenous societies in what is now ecuador. http://www.vivecuador.com/html2/eng/history_intro.htm

62. Ecuador Faced with the worst economic crisis in ecuador s history, Noboa restructuredecuador s foreign debt, adopted the US dollar as the national currency, and http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107479.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Father's Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips World Countries Ecuador Infoplease Atlas: Ecuador Republic of Ecuador National name: President: Area: 109,483 sq mi (283,560 sq km) Population (2004 est.): 13,212,742 (growth rate: 1.0%); birth rate: 23.2/1000; infant mortality rate: 24.5/1000; life expectancy: 76.0; density per sq mi: 121 Capital (2003 est.): Quito, 1,780,700 (metro.area), 1,443,900 (city proper) Largest cities: Guayaquil, 2,597,600 (metro area), 2,013,500 (city proper); Cuenca, 285,700 Monetary unit: U.S. dollar Languages: Spanish (official), Quechua Ethnicity/race: mestizo (mixed Indian and Spanish) 65%, Indian 25%, Spanish 7%, black 3% Religion: Roman Catholic 95% Literacy rate: 93% (2003 est.) Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2002 est.): $42.65 billion; per capita $3,200. Real growth rate: Inflation: Unemployment: 7.7% with widespread underemployment (2001 est.).

63. Ecuador (12/03) history Advanced indigenous cultures flourished in ecuador long beforethe area was conquered by the Inca empire in the 15th century. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2906.htm

[Print Friendly Version] Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs December 2003 Background Note: Ecuador PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of Ecuador Geography Area: 256,370 sq. km; about the size of Colorado. Cities: Capital Quito (pop. 1.4 million). Other cities Guayaquil (2.0 million). Terrain: Jungle east of the Andes, a rich agricultural coastal plain west of the Andes, high-elevation valleys through the mountainous center of the country and an archipelago of volcanic islands in the Pacific Ocean. Climate: Varied, mild year-round in the mountain valleys; hot and humid in coastal and Amazonian jungle lowlands. People Nationality: Noun and adjective Ecuadorian(s). Population (2001 est.): 12,090,804. Annual population growth rate: (-4.59%). Ethnic groups: Indigenous 25%, mestizo (mixed Indian and Spanish) 55%, Caucasian and others 10%, African 10%. Religion: Predominantly Roman Catholic, but religious freedom recognized. Languages: Spanish (official), indigenous languages, especially Quichua, the Ecuadorian dialect of Quechua. Education: Years compulsory ages 6-14, but enforcement varies. Attendance (through 6th grade)76% urban, 33% rural.

64. History Of Ecuador And The Galapagos Islands ecuador s history is rich and colorful, spanning some 12,000 year of human civilizationfrom early tribal settlers to grand empires and kingdoms, Inca lords http://www.galapagosonline.com/predeparture/History/History.htm

History of Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands Ecuador's history is rich and colorful, spanning some 12,000 year of human civilization from early tribal settlers to grand empires and kingdoms, Inca lords and Spanish conquistadors, legends of gold and treachery, colonization and rebellion, and finally democracy and independence. Yet the human history of the Galapagos Islands is relatively recent, dating back a few centuries when wayward ships and pirates found food and shelter in the islands. Later, whalers and colonists made their homes along the shores. The famed naturalist Charles Darwin visited the islands in 1835 and his five week stay had a profound affect on his thinking. His theory of evolution rocked the scientific world when it was published in 1859 in the text of his book, The Origins of Species . The Galapagos were declared a National Park in 1967 and a marine sanctuary was established in 1998. To learn more click on the links below: Galapagos History Discovery Whalers Darwin Early Colonists ... Timeline Ecuador History Pre Colombian History The Conquest The Spanish Rule Republic of Ecuador ... Timeline

65. History Of Ecuador For 12,000 years ecuador has been home to various civilizations. Early culturescelebrated the history of their forefathers through songs, dances, and story http://www.galapagosonline.com/predeparture/History/PreColumbianHistory.htm

Pre Colombian History For 12,000 years Ecuador has been home to various civilizations. Early cultures celebrated the history of their forefathers through songs, dances, and story telling. Oral history was an important part of religious ceremonies. Little of this history remains today. The Spanish forcefully converted the indigenous culture to Catholicism, religious ceremonies were abandoned and many of the stories forgotten. The tales that endured are of the Inca's who arrived in Ecuador shortly before the Spanish. Information about earlier cultures is attributed to the archeological treasures discovered throughout the country. Ecuador is a young country archeologically speaking; the importance of unearthing and preserving ruins does not have the enthusiastic support of the country and scientists as in Mexico, Peru, Egypt or Turkey. Many of the country's ruins remain buried, left simply as a mysterious symbol of an earlier culture. One can only imagine what has left to be discovered. Opportunities to learn about Pre-Colombian cultures include the well-preserved ruins in Machalilla and Ingapirca or visiting one of the excellent museums housing collections of artwork and tools. The first known culture of Ecuador is the Las Vegas , a group of hunters and gathers who lived on the Santa Elena Peninsula between the Guayas Basin and Salinas. Living in houses and making textiles they enjoyed a varied economy and they existed by farming crops including maize and squash, hunting, and exploiting the mangroves for wood, oysters and other seafood. The museum "Museo de los Amantes de Sumpa" near Santa Elena houses displays of the Las Vegas and tells the story of their culture.

66. Ecuador Maps, Pictures, History And More ecuador. Click on a link below to find travel guides, embassy info,flags, maps, brief history, facts, and more. Please email us http://www.worldrover.com/country/ecuador_main.html

Travel Books Used Books Bestsellers Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Free Travel Cheap Tickets Auction ... Make Money Ecuador Click on a link below to find travel guides, embassy info, flags, maps, brief history, facts, and more. Please email us if you have any questions or suggestions. Search the Net for: Travel Guides source: CIA World Factbook 1999 Vital Statistics Brief History Embassy Info Travel Guides Search Net: Term Paper Search Net: Travel Free Clip Art w/ Flags! Slash your student loans 53%!! Thanks Uncle Sam!! home ... embassies

67. CARE - Virtual Field Trip - Ecuador Explore ecuador through this virtual field trip and learn about the culture, history, and people. Includes journal entries, a photo album, recommended books and related links. http://www.careusa.org/vft/ecuador/index.asp

Other Field Trips... return to careusa.org Bolivia Ecuador Ghana Guatemala Guatemala 2002 Haiti Honduras Kosovo Madagascar Mali Nepal Peru Peru 2001

68. Ecuador - Government, History, Population, Geography And Maps Search the Net history; 100% Free Clip Art including world flags and 1000 s moreimages and photos! ecuador source CIA World Factbook 1998, ecuador. Geography. http://www.worldrover.com/vital/ecuador.html

Search the Net: History 100% Free Clip Art including world flags and 1000's more images and photos! Ecuador source: CIA World Factbook 1998 Ecuador Geography [Top of Page] Location: Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru Geographic coordinates: 2 00 S, 77 30 W Map references: South America Area: total: 283,560 sq km land: 276,840 sq km water: 6,720 sq km note: includes Galapagos Islands slightly smaller than Nevada Land boundaries: total: 2,010 km border countries: Colombia 590 km, Peru 1,420 km Coastline: 2,237 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: claims continental shelf between mainland and Galapagos Islands territorial sea: 200 nm Climate: tropical along coast becoming cooler inland Terrain: coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands (sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente) Elevation extremes: lowest point: Pacific Ocean m highest point: Chimborazo 6,267 m Natural resources: petroleum, fish, timber Land use: arable land: permanent crops: permanent pastures: forests and woodland: other: 15% (1993 est.)

69. History Of Simon Bolivar history of Simon Bolivar. His victories over the Spaniards won independencefor Bolivia, Panama, Colombia, ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. http://www.bolivarmo.com/history.htm

History of Simon Bolivar Simon Bolivar (1783-1830) Simon Bolivar was one of South America's greatest generals. His victories over the Spaniards won independence for Bolivia, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. He is called El Liberator (The Liberator) and the "George Washington of South America." Bolivar was born in July 24, 1783, at Caracas, Venezuela. His parents died when he was a child and he inherited a fortune. As a young man, he traveled in Europe. As he returned to Venezuela, Bolivar joined the group of patriots that seized Caracas in 1810 and proclaimed independence from Spain. He went to Great Britain in search of aid, but could get only a promise of British neutrality. When he returned to Venezuela, and took command of a patriot army, he recaptured Caracas in 1813 from the Spaniards. The Spaniards forced Bolivar to retreat from Venezuela to New Granada (now Colombia), also at war with Spain. He took command of a Colombian force and captured Bogota in 1814. The patriots, however, lacked men and supplies, and new defeats led Bolivar to flee to Jamaica. In Haiti he gathered a force that landed in Venezuela in 1816, and took Angostra (now Ciudad Bolivar). He also became dictator there. Bolivar marched into New Granada in 1819. He defeated the Spaniards in Boyar in 1819, liberating the territory of Colombia. He then returned to Angostura and led the congress that organized the original republic of Colombia (now Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, and Venezuela). Bolivar became its first president on December 17, 1819.

70. Country Study Ecuador Social Studies ecuador People history Culture. Home. Afghanistan ecuador A good overviewof ecuador, history, government, statistics and more. illustrated http://www.archaeolink.com/cultural_studies_ecuador_people_.htm

Ecuador People History Culture Home Afghanistan Albania Algeria ... Vietnam You may find additional information about the country of your choice in the sections for Archaeology Anthropology or Ancient Civilizations CIA - The World Factbook Ecuador A Detailed look at - including history, culture, political structure, economics and many other topics. - From US Central Intelligence Agency - http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ec.html Country Profile: Ecuador "Traditionally an agrarian country, Ecuador's economic profile changed radically after the 1960s, when the discovery of oil and the promulgation of an industrial development law set off rapid growth and brought about great progress in the spheres of health, education and housing." A general overview including history, political structure, culture, leaders, media, and more. - illustrated - From BBC - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1212882.stm Ecuador An excellent tool for anthropology and historical research. "Handbook Series sponsored by the U.S. Department of the Army between 1986 and 1998. Each study offers a comprehensive description and analysis of the country or region's historical setting, geography, society, economy, political system, and foreign policy." - From Library of Congress -

71. Inti Travel And Tours - Galapagos, Amazon, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Antar history and photography tours to Galapagos, ecuador and Peru. Highlights excursions to the Andes and Amazon regions. http://www.discovergalapagos.com/intitravel/

Antarctic Expeditions Amazon Rainforest Adventures Galapagos Ecuador ... Peru and Bolivia Family Travel Guides Log Photo Journal All of our tours depart on a weekly basis throughout the year With over 25 years of experience in South America, we are proud to present a combination of pleasurable, interesting and exciting trips that will introduce you to the diversity of landscape, wildlife and people that make the Galapagos Islands and the South American countries of Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil such wonderful places to visit. All of our trips are guided by licensed tourist guides who are intimately familiar with (and sensitive to) the nature, culture and people of the places we visit. Our passengers are transported by cars, vans or buses depending on the size of the group. We will always take the time we need for you to enjoy the scenery, people and food along the way. We are able to operate most of our trips on a per request basis for as few as two people (one for Galapagos). We do our best to accommodate all language requests. If you are interested in a custom designed tour, trip or adventure for you or your group, please use the Reservation Form to contact us for more information.

72. History - Learn About Ecuador's Past. I divided ecuador s history in 4 major eras Aboriginal Era (30000 BC 1532 AD). comprises the time, when the continent got populated http://www.ecuador-travel.net/information.history.htm

History Overview Travel Tips Embassy Money ... Forum I divided Ecuador's history in 4 major eras Aboriginal Era 30000 BC - 1532 AD) comprises the time, when the continent got populated and before the arrival of the Spaniards. Many small Indian cultures were spread out throughout the country with commerce happening between the coastal Indians to the Highland Indians and into the Amazon. Agriculture was the mainstay of many but they also knew the use of pottery and metalwork. Beginning before 1500 conquest and influence by the Inca Empire, mostly felt in the Andes region. Spanish Colony In 1531 Spaniards, who were already established in Mexico and the Caribbean Islands, landed from Panama by boat on an South American shore. After defeating the Inca Empire and subjugating the native population, the Spanish crown established their rule over the continent with help of Spanish colonists and the Catholic church. Quito was an important cultural and administrative center in the colonial times. Independence ( Forces for the independence of Spanish America from the mother country, led by Simon Bolivar and Mariscal Sucre defeated the loyalists and established independent republics as known today throughout the continent. Governments frequently changed from elected presidents to military dictatorships and back.

73. History And People Of Pululahua. At that time in ecuador s history the Catholic church was the biggest land ownerin the country and the various religious orders ran huge agricultural http://www.ecuador-travel.net/farm.history.htm

Finca Colibri Pululahua Crater Geo-botanical Park Flora and Fauna ... Picture Gallery As mentioned in the introduction, Indian natives lived there since the times of the Incas (around 1500 AD) but not much is known about them. It is assumed that they dedicated themselves to agriculture and traded their surplus with surrounding indigenous communities. The first written historical fact about the crater is that in the land inside the crater passed into the possession of the monks of the Dominican Church Order . At that time in Ecuador's history the Catholic church was the biggest land owner in the country and the various religious orders ran huge agricultural enterprises. Natives worked in those big haciendas owned by the church or individual Spaniards as huasipungeros (term for rural Indian serfs). Although they received a modest remuneration for their work, they were dependent on their patron (term for owner) for their well-being. Not only did they have no choice as to buy their necessities in the hacienda stores but as they were outside the legal frame work of the Spanish colony, were under the benevolence of their patron . That particular hacienda in the crater dedicated itself to the cultivation of the land, growing cereals and corn and to the raising of cattle. It is also well-documented that the

74. Historical Text Archive: Links : Visit External Link Comprehensive site. history Bestsellers....... privacy policy. Redirecting to ecuador, history of (http//www.emulateme.com/history/ecuadhist.htm) http://historicaltextarchive.com/links.php?op=visit&lid=543

75. Historical Text Archive: Links : Latin America: Ecuador Photos of ecuadorian hacienda;ecuador, history of (556 clicks) Description Comprehensive site;...... ecuador haciendas (502 clicks) http://historicaltextarchive.com/links.php?op=viewslink&sid=71

76. Ecuador US Library of Congress An extremely dated (1989) but still valuable Country StudyHandbook on ecuador, including chapters on ecuador s history, society http://www.fe.doe.gov/international/ecuador.html

ECUADOR An Energy Overview of Ecuador includes information about Ecuador's energy policy, a lengthy description of the energy situation in Ecuador, an environmental summary, plus brief privatization and economic summaries. (Prepared by DOE Office of Fossil Energy) LINKS TO BUSINESS INFORMATION SOURCES ON ECUADOR US-DOE Energy Information Administration - Country Analysis Brief on Ecuador. A description of Ecuador's energy economy, including Oil, Natural Gas, and Electricity. Elsewhere at this site is a somewhat dated (1999) but still useful Country Energy Balance for Ecuador with information on oil, natural gas, and electricity. CIA World Factbook 2002 - A very useful information summary about Ecuador, including sections on geography, people, government, economy, communications, transportation, military forces, and transnational issues. U.S. Department of State - Fiscal Year 2001 Country Commercial Guide for Ecuador (in PDF format), including economic trends, political environment, marketing information for U.S. products and services, an overview of the investment climate, leading sectors for U.S. exports and investments, Ecuador's trade regulations and standards, trade and project financing, and business travel. U.S. Department of State

77. Nations Online :: Ecuador Official web sites of ecuador, the capital of ecuador, art, culture, history,cities, airlines, embassies, tourist boards and newspapers. http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/ecuador.htm

advertise with us Home Continents America Ecuador This page is part of One World - Nations Online the countries of the world One World - Nations Online Countries and Nations keywords: national pages of ecuador, ecuador news papers, tourist information for ecuador, ecuador tourism, ecuador map Note: Links will open in a new browser window. Ecuador Country Code: ec Flag of Ecuador Background: Advanced indigenous cultures flourished in Ecuador long before the area was conquered by the Inca empire in the 15th century. In 1534, the Spanish arrived and defeated the Inca armies. The "Republic of the Equator" was one of three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others being Colombia and Venezuela). Between 1904 and 1942, Ecuador lost territories in a series of conflicts with its neighbors. A border war with Peru that flared in 1995 was resolved in 1999. (Source: CIA - The World Factbook) border countries: Colombia Peru related countries: Spain Venezuela Official Sites of Ecuador update Ministerio Relaciones Exteriores del Ecuador MOFA of the Republic of Ecuador.

78. Ecuador Media, Art And Culture ecuador News, Art, history Culture @ EscapeArtist.com. News, Art, history Culture of ecuador News, Media, Art history in ecuador @ EscapeArtist.com. http://www.escapeartist.com/ecuador3/art.htm

Index for Ecuador Index for South America - Look at photos of Incan artifacts including gold, masonry and pottery. Books on their history are available for sale. Arte y Cultura - ExploringEcuador Carlos Monsalve - Carlos Monsalve - features paitings, sketches, and sculptures by the Ecuadoran artist. Cocina Riojana - Cocina Riojana - Recetas de la Cocina Tradicional Riojana Indigenous People in Ecuador - Indigenous People in Ecuador - Represents the interests of the indigenous peoples in Ecuador. Site includes bulletins, interviews, and background material. Consejo Nacional de Cultura del Ecuador - Consejo Nacional de Cultura del Ecuador - National Council on Culture for Ecuador Ecuador - Ecuador - World History Archives Ecuador: Country Study - U.S. Library of Congress Ecuaserver - Ecuaserver Exploring Ecuador - Exploring Ecuador - Exploring Ecuador is a guide with geographic, artisanal, commercial and touristic information of Ecuador. "A whole Planet in just One Country... a whole Country in just one Page". Iglesia de Valvanera - Iglesia de Valvanera Languages of Ecuador - Languages of Ecuador - Ethnologue Database, 12th Edition

79. Index Page For Moving To Ecuador - Living In Ecuador - Resources About Moving To ecuador Living In ecuador - Moving to ecuador - Resources forrelocating to ecuador - articles - links - resources Art history Culture http://www.escapeartist.com/ecuador/ecuador.htm

Moving To Ecuador ~ Living In Ecuador ~ Real Estate In Ecuador South America Index Escape from America Magazine Moving To Ecuador ~ Living In Ecuador ~ Real Estate In Ecuador ~ Real Estate In Ecuador - Current Listings - Also, properties from other countries inSouth America - Featured Articles On Ecuador Living In Ecuador - Real Estate in Ecuador Embarrassingly low prices Now, after the crash, prices are so low that making offers is almost embarrassing. What's more, opportunities may get even better! The Utopian EcoVillage Network in Ecuador - The Utopian EcoVillage Network in Ecuador The Utopian Village Network in Ecuador is an intentional community with the goal of self-sufficiency. The UVNE is part of a network of intentional communities throughout the world linked with similar values to support each other for the creation of a new society. The basic intention of the Utopian EcoVillage Network is to be a pilot model demonstration of how to live in a real New World consciousness of sharing on all levels. The village in Ecuador is succeeding in their goal of harmony with life, and they are seeking others with like mind. One reader writes: “Why I’m packing up and moving to Ecuador”- Moving to Ecuador Dear Fellow Reader, I returned recently from 10 days in and around Quito, Ecuador. Did I like it? The day after I returned to Sacramento, my wife and I listed our house for sale. Eight days later, we had a firm sales contract. We are now sorting furniture and personal items, giving away as much as we can, and arranging for eight weeks of one-on-one classes at Simon Bolivar Spanish School in Quito..

80. LookSmart - Directory - Ecuadorian History ecuadorian history Find historical archives and directories, and readoverviews of the major periods in ecuador s history. Directory http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317836/us317911/us53828/us527898/us32

@import url(/css/us/style.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); Home IN the directory this category YOU ARE HERE Home Library Humanities History ... South America Ecuadorian History - Find historical archives and directories, and read overviews of the major periods in Ecuador's history. Directory Categories Galapagos Oil Spill 2001 Indian Riots 2001 Naboa, Gustavo Simon Bolivar Directory Listings About allRefer Reference - Ecuador History Learn about Ecuadorian history, pre-hispanic era, conquest of Ecuador, Spanish colonies, independence struggle, military rule, and post-war era. Read about Garcia Moreno. allRefer Reference - History of Ecuador Know details on Ecuadoran history, Galo Plaza Lasso, Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra, Garcia Moreno, Simon Bolívar, and related South American history and geography. An Introduction to Ecuador Geographia describes the geography of Ecuador, and gives an overview of its history and people. Also find travel information. Background Notes - Ecuador US Department of State profiles Ecuador's geography, government, and economy, and gives an overview of the last 500 years of Ecuadorian history. BBCi News - Country Profile: Ecuador Learn about this South American country by discovering her leaders, history, and statistical information regarding religious makeup, languages, and population.

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