21. Comparative Economic Systems Comparative economic systems. Thus we have seen the creation of a variety of economic systems. economic systems are divided up into three basic types. http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/Economic_Systems.htm

Comparative Economic Systems As we have said, all nations must answer the question of scarcity. All nations and societies must alocate their resources in order to meet their needs. This is where the essential dilemma between unlimited wants and limited needs comes into play. We have also noted that all nations must make choices. This is a matter of resource allocation . When we allocate limited resources we make choices. The cost of these choices is known as opportunity cost . When making these choices and dealing with rscarcity, resource allocation and opportrunity cost nations are answering what we have previosly referred to as the three basic economic questions . These are are the questions all nations must ask when dealing with scarcity and effcientlly allocating their resources. They are: What to produce? How to produce? For whom to produce? Each nation and society thus must make choices and deciiosn based upon there own values. If a society values meeting more wants and needs at the expense of freedom of choice then they may choose a system radically different then our own. Thus we have seen the creation of a variety of economic systems. Economic systems are divided up into three basic types. These types are:

22. ECONbase Presents analysis of market and nonmarket solutions to allocation and distribution problems as well as attempts at and proposals for their reform. Offers tables of contents, abstracts and index. http://www.elsevier.com/homepage/sae/econworld/econbase/ecosys/frame.htm

23. The Roman Economy A Few Different economic systems in History. Let’s step back about 120 years. The year is 1877, and there is lots of talk going http://myron.sjsu.edu/romeweb/ECONOMY/ECONSYS.HTM

A Few Different Economic Systems in History "Those Westerners don’t want to pay their bills. We’ve got dollars, they are gold, and we like it. I’ve got a railroad to run and I don’t need all these prices for iron and workers’ wages going up just because those Western crooks have a lot of silver dollars to spend. If Congress really starts buying up all that Western silver and striking silver dollars next year, they’ll hear about it from me and my friends at the ballot box. We railroad men made this country what it is today and we aren’t about to be ruined by a bunch or upstart farmers and cowboys out in Nevada and New Mexico Territory or any of those smart - aleck San Francisco businessmen." "Who do those Eastern robber barons think they are, anyway? There are lots of people out here, and more are coming every day. We are raising food to feed this whole country. Our farms and cattle ranches are carrying this whole nation on our backs. Everybody knows that those played out Eastern farms could never grow enough food to teed us all, and we are feeding not only us but England and Australia as well. Now, Some of our boys got lucky up there in the Comstock, and they’ve found enough silver to put money in everybody’s pocket. I’m glad our men in Congress passed a law for the government to buy up our silver and strike it into dollars. With plenty of money in circulation, we can not only buy more, but sell more as well. I know that the East won’t like our competition and the fact that we are more economically independent of them, but that’s just tough!"

24. The Roman Economy What Functions Does Money Perform in economic systems, Both Ancient and Modern? We are now ready to introduce a working definition of money. http://myron.sjsu.edu/romeweb/economy/MONYFUNC.HTM

What Functions Does Money Perform in Economic Systems, Both Ancient and Modern? We are now ready to introduce a working definition of money. According to most economists, money fulfills three purposes: Money is a store of wealth. Most humans would agree that gold and silver are valuable and highly desirable commodities. Even though we no longer base our money on gold and silver today, we are a highly numerate society and most of us agree that a high bank balance or paycheck represents real wealth even though it is merely ones and zeros on a disk someplace or ink on a piece of paper. Surely, the Greeks and Romans valued gold and silver and would accept them as indicators of wealth. Early Germanic tribesmen and the Huns of the steppes still used the size of their herds as the primary indicator of their wealth but gold and silver represented real value to them as well. Return to The Roman Economy Table of Contents The Ancients' First Use of Money What are the Functions of Money? Some Different Economic Systems in History ... Glossary

25. SME 2001 Held in Klagenfurt, Austria. http://www.econ.uni-klu.ac.at/sme2001/

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26. SOSIG: Economic Systems And Theories economic systems and Theories, Editor Biz/ed, British Library, University of Newcastle upon Tyne. Browse this resource, economic systems, http://www.sosig.ac.uk/roads/subject-listing/World-cat/econsys.html

Economic Systems and Theories Editor: Biz/ed, British Library, University of Newcastle upon Tyne You are here : Home Economics Home Economics > Economic Systems and Theories in Economics What is My Account Member: Login New user: Register What is Grapevine Related... Conferences Courses Events Departments ... Economics Resource Type Bibliographic Databases Bibliographies Books / Book Equivalents Companies ... Resource Guides Search in whole catalogue current section Top 50 sites in Economics Advanced Search Thesauri Map of the Economics section Browse Sub-Sections History of Economic Thought Marxist Economics Transition Economies Browse Related Sections Decision Theory Game Theory Internet Resources Listed By Type alphabetically Europe UK For a short description click the title. To access the resource directly click Editor's Choice (key resources in this subject) BibEc Economic Journal (The) John Sloman's Economics Home Page Mondragon Corporacion Cooperativa, MCC Bibliographic Databases Up BibEc Bibliografia Gramsciana: Combined Edition June 1996 British Library of Economic and Political Science (BLPES) ... WoPEc Bibliographies Up Articles Discussing Friedrich Hayek and His Work Available on the Internet London Business School, Centre for Economic Forecasting Discussion Papers

27. SOSIG: Economic Systems And Theories SOSIG Home Help SOSIG Home, economic systems and Theories, Editor Biz/ed, British Library, University of Newcastle upon Tyne. You http://www.sosig.ac.uk/roads/subject-listing/UK-cat/econsys.html

Economic Systems and Theories Editor: Biz/ed, British Library, University of Newcastle upon Tyne You are here : Home Economics Home Economics > Economic Systems and Theories in Economics What is My Account Member: Login New user: Register What is Grapevine Related... Conferences Courses Events Departments ... Economics Resource Type Bibliographic Databases Bibliographies Books / Book Equivalents Companies ... Resource Guides Search in whole catalogue current section Top 50 sites in Economics Advanced Search Thesauri Map of the Economics section Browse Sub-Sections History of Economic Thought Marxist Economics Transition Economies Browse Related Sections Decision Theory Game Theory Internet Resources Listed By Type alphabetically View by: World Europe For a short description click the title. To access the resource directly click Editor's Choice (key resources in this subject) BibEc Economic Journal (The) John Sloman's Economics Home Page Bibliographic Databases Up BibEc British Library of Economic and Political Science (BLPES) City University, Department of Economics and Applied Econometrics Research Unit Discussion Papers ... WoPEc Bibliographies Up London Business School, Centre for Economic Forecasting Discussion Papers

28. Economic Systems & Computers The summary for this Russian page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://www.esc.odessa.ua/

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29. Appropriate Economics, Local Exchange, Community Exchange, Community Currencies, including a wide range of documents and materials on history, money, economics, religion, global economics, and how to implement appropriate economic systems. http://www.appropriate-economics.org/

Languages: Portguese Regions: Asia Africa Latin America Asia Africa Latin America Traditional Economy Information: Materials Currency Gallery Funders Proposals ... Work With Us! For researchers, academics and economic development practitioners we provide the most complete Library of Materials on "appropriate economics" on the internet, including a wide range of documents and materials on history, money, religion, global economics, and how to implement appropriate local economic systems. Our partners are able to assist you in designing and implementing appropriate programs in local economic development, exchange, small enterprise development, trade networks and micro-finance. Visit the Help Desk , See the Materials Section , join a Discussion Group or Contact Us for assistance with your local exchange system. Gallery of Local Currencies For numismatists and those of you who would like to see what community currencies look like, we feature a large Gallery of Community Currencies from around the world, and the collection grows monthly.

30. World Economy These areas maintained their own economic systems and, for the most part, managed to remain outside the modern world economy. Russia fits this case well. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/wall.html

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A WORLD ECONOMIC SYSTEM A Summary of Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World System: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World Economy in the Sixteenth Century (New York: Academic Press, 1974) In his book, The Modern World System: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origin of the European World Economy in the Sixteenth Century , Immanual Wallerstein develops a theoretical framework to understand the historical changes involved in the rise of the modern world. The modern world system, essentially capitalist in nature, followed the crisis of the feudal system and helps explain the rise of Western Europe to world supremacy between 1450 and 1670. According to Wallerstein, his theory makes possible a comprehensive understanding of the external and internal manifestations of the modernization process during this period and makes possible analytically sound comparisons between different parts of the world. MEDIEVAL PRELUDE Before the sixteenth century, when Western Europe embarked on a path of capitalist development, feudalism dominated West European society. Between 1150-1300, both population as well as commerce expanded within the confines of the feudal system. However, from 1300-1450, this expansion ceased, creating a severe economic crisis. According to Wallerstein, the feudal crisis was probably precipitated by the interaction of the following factors: 1. Agricultural production fell or remained stagnant. This meant that the burden of peasant producers increased as the ruling class expanded. 2. The economic cycle of the feudal economy had reached its optimum level; afterwards the economy began to shrink. 3. A shift of climatological conditions decreased agricultural productivity and contributed to an increase in epidemics within the population.

31. Comparative Economic Systems - Professor Satya Gabriel , Dr. Satya J. Gabriel Assoc. Professor of Economics.......Comparative economic systems Economics 321, Fall 2003, Tuesday 100330 PM. Course http://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/sgabriel/321.htm

Comparative Economic Systems Economics 321 Fall 2003 Tuesday 1:00-3:30 PM Course Description Dr. Satya J. Gabriel Assoc. Professor of Economics Course Calendar e-mail: sgabriel@mtholyoke.edu Course Objectives FAX: 413-538-2323 Selected Texts Office Hours: TBA Course Forum Term Paper Course Description and Introduction: This is a seminar course in the comparative analysis of variant types of capitalist and non-capitalist social formations and the transition of social formations from one set of prevalent characteristics to a new and radically different set. We will discuss the theoretical problems in applying current economic theories ( neoclassical , orthodox Marxian, and institutionalist) to the comparative analysis of social formations. class processes ). This dichotomy further ignores the flexibility of capitalism and the constantly changing mix of state intervention (into market exchange relationships, the conditions shaping worker freedoms and unfreedoms, firm governance, etc.), including occasional direct state involvement in productive investment and production even in the most liberal NATO member states, such as the U.S.A., during certain historical periods when "free market" approachs are deemed insufficient to resolve economic crises. How has it been possible to debate economic systems without reference to class processes (an historically important concept in exploring the differences and similarities between societies)? Prior definitions of

32. Department For Mathematical Modelling Of Economic Systems http://www.ccas.ru/mmes/

To view this page, your browser must support frames. If you do not have access to a browser that supports frames, you can view the non-frames version of the page by opening mmes.html in your browser.

33. First International Winter School On Physics Of Socio-Economic Systems Physics of Socioeconomic systems. Physics of Socio-economic systems. First International Winter School 2004. Aims and Scope. Program. Invited Speakers. http://www.uni-konstanz.de/zwn/winterschool2004/

Physics of Socio-Economic Systems First International Winter School 2004 Aims and Scope Program ... Scientific Coordination Welcome © 2003 by zwnweb

34. Are Economic Systems Like Organisms? USERNAME, PASSWORD, Are economic systems Like Organisms? MaeWan Ho. 4 Conclusion. 1. The need for an organic theory of the organism and of economic systems. http://www.i-sis.org.uk/hannove.php

HOME BIOTECHNOLOGY SCIENCE of the ORGANISM SCIENCE in SOCIETY ... PUBLICATIONS Search the ISIS website ISIS Members Area Login [ membership details USERNAME PASSWORD Are Economic Systems Like Organisms? Mae-Wan Ho The need for an organic theory of the organism and of economic systems ... What is an organism? 2.1 The organism transcends thermodynamic constraints 2.2 The organism stores mobilizable energy over all space-time 2.3 The organism is free from mechanistic constraints What would an organic, economic system be like? 3.1 The organic approach versus the neo-classical mechanistic approach 3.2 How to be a healthy, organic economic system 3.3 Money, energy and entropy 3.4 Symmetrical coupling and space-time structure in economic systems 3.5 Dynamic closure and sustainability Conclusion 1. The need for an organic theory of the organism and of economic systems Hodgson (1993) and Ormerod (1994) are the latest among a string of economists to declare their own discipline "in crisis" within the past 15 years. And like the others before them, they trace the crisis to the mechanistic foundations of modern western science itself. They call for an alternative, organicist approach to economics. Precisely the same critique of neo(classical) Darwinian theory of evolution has been taking place since the 1970s (see Saunders, and Oyama, this volume; Ho and Saunders, 1984; Ho and Fox, 1988; Ho, 1996a), with a "new organicism" emerging (see Ho, 1996b and references therein) which explicitly affirms Whitehead's (1925) view that nature cannot be understood except in terms of a theory of the organism that

35. "The Effectiveness Of Privacy Protection In Economic Systems" Orson Swindle, III Commissioner, US Federal Trade Commission. The Effectiveness of Privacy Protection in economic systems . Italian http://www.ftc.gov/speeches/swindle/rome021205.htm

Orson Swindle, III Commissioner, U.S. Federal Trade Commission "The Effectiveness of Privacy Protection in Economic Systems" Italian Garanté's International Conference Privacy: Cost to Resource Rome, Italy / December 5 - 6, 2002 General Opening Good Morning. Thank you, Mr. Rasi. And, let me also thank Professor Rodotá and the Italian Garanté for the invitation to participate in this important privacy dialogue. In particular, I want to commend the conference's review of privacy protection in the context of: consumer expectations, costs and benefits to businesses and governments, and effects on economies and the global marketplace. I am one of five Commissioners at the Federal Trade Commission. So as I begin, let me explain that my remarks today are my own. They do not necessarily represent the views of the Federal Trade Commission or of any other individual Commissioner. Road Map of My Remarks My remarks today will principally focus on our experience at the Federal Trade Commission in helping to shape privacy protection in the marketplace through the use of: our enforcement authority against unfair or deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce; and

36. The Journal Of Law & Economics Focuses on the influence of regulation and legal institutions on the operation of economic systems. Provides abstracts and guidelines for submissions. http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/JLE/home.html

[Editors: Dennis W. Carlton, Austan Goolsbee, Randall S. Kroszner, Douglas Lichtman, and Edward A. Snyder] [Sponsor: The University of Chicago Law School] ISSN: 0022-2186 Browse a Sample Issue The Journal of Law and Economics Electronic Edition Journal Description ... JLE Order Single Articles or Back Issues Questions about Your Current Subscription? Change of Address Form Permission to Reprint ... Journals Division

37. Journal Of Economic Literature Classification System P economic systems P0 - General P00 - General P1 - Capitalist Systems P10 - General P11 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform P12 - Capitalist Enterprises P13 http://www.aeaweb.org/journal/elclasjn.html

JEL Classification System Please update any links or bookmarks. Thank you.

38. Nie: Choosing An Economic System Choosing an economic system. Paul, HeeSun and Sanna illustrate the three main types of economic systems traditional, command and market (free enterprise). http://www.sptimes.com/News/120700/NIE/Choosing_an_economic_.shtml

Calendars Classified Forums Sports ... Text-only News sections Entertainment AP The Wire Business Citrus County ... Find your local news section Weekly sections Brandon Times City Times Homes Outdoors ... Xpress Special Sections Arena football Buccaneers College football Devil Rays ... Seniority Subscriber Services Subscribe Renew Help Advertise In print Online Market Info Join Us Internships Scholarships Times Jobs Contact us Choosing an economic system By RICK CUNNINGHAM [Times art: Teresanne Cossetta] Sanna Regopstaan is a 14-year-old boy, a member of the Auni group of the San people. Sanna lives with his family in Xai Xai, a region of Namibia. The San people have lived in the area of the Kalahari Desert for thousands of years. Sanna's ancestors were the first humans to live in this part of the world and are one of the world's oldest cultures. Sanna's family still lives in much the same way as his ancestors did. They are foragers, hunter-gatherers who depend upon their knowledge of the land to survive. His small family group lives a semi-nomadic lifestyle, moving about the land in search of food sources. Sanna's days are spent with his father, Toppie. Toppie is the best game tracker in the group. Sanna watches as his father tracks herds of buffalo. Toppie's father taught him how to track buffalo, just as his father taught him. Sanna will also become an animal tracker. Toppie trades the buffalo meat for things his family needs to survive. The family is dependent upon what Toppie kills and on what they gather.

39. Women & The Economy - Economic Systems economic systems But there are other ways of structuring an economy and economic systems that recognize that not all values have a market price. http://unpac.ca/economy/econsystems.html

Economic Systems For those of us living in Canada at the beginning of the 21st century it is easy to assume that the economic system in which we find ourselves is the only economic system there is - that all peoples everywhere are using it and have always used it. An economic system is a way of structuring an economy to reflect the values, assumptions, and goals of a particular culture. Much of the world today operates out of a market economic system. Market economists believe that the market is sufficient to serve all aspects of human life. But there are other ways of structuring an economy and economic systems that recognize that not all values have a market price. Jump ahead to: Substinence economy Market economy Command economy Where does Canada fit in? ... What do you think? Let's look at some different kinds of economies: Subsistence economy Originally all peoples on the earth lived in what we now call subsistence economies, described by Indian Eco-feminist Vandana Shiva as economies in which you "satisfy basic needs through self-provisioning."

40. CoFES Index Page Welcome to the web pages for the Center for Computational Finance and economic systems. © Copyright 2003 Rice University, Web Services. http://www.cofes.rice.edu/

Welcome to the web pages for the Center for Computational Finance and Economic Systems. Rice University CoFES: Center for Computational Finance and Economic Systems email: cofes@rice.edu

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