61. Plagues, Natural Disasters, And Environmental Observances Plagues, natural disasters, and Environmental Observations. 764 Great snowfor nearly 3 months; June 4, Solar eclipse; Great drought and dysentary. http://members.aol.com/michellezi/timelines/nature.html

Plagues, Natural Disasters, and Environmental Observations Sources: Byrne and Doherty, 1982; Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (ASC), Annales Cambriae (AC), Gregory of Tours, Annales of Inisfallen (AI), Annales of Ulster (AU), Bede, Annales of the Four Masters (AFM) 536 Famine 537/9 'Great death' (plague?) in Britain and Ireland after the battle of Camlann (AC) 542 'Justinian Plague' reaches Gaul from Egypt 544 Blefed (Bubonic) plague in Ireland (first record of the name Bubonic) 547 Maelgwn Gwynedd dies of 'yellow plague' AC 549 Reoccurance of the plague in Ireland 551/6 Buide Conaill (relapsing fever) in Ireland 554 Distemper called smathrose (small pox) 564 A great wind 576 An abundant nut crop 576/7 Scintilla lepae (small pox?) 584 Comet destroys two islands (off the coast of Gaul?) in a fireball (Gregory of Tours) 588 Great Snow in Ireland 594 July 23, Solar eclipse 601 Earthquake: Bairrche (Mourne Mountains, Ireland) 624 June 21, 624 or June 625 Solar Eclipse (AI 626,AU 625, AC 624)

62. Thalif Deen, Alarming Rise In Natural Disasters humanitarian assistance, Annan says the rash of recent natural disasters includefloods Brazil, landslides in Latin America and the Caribbean, drought in North http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/29/034.html

Documents menu Date: Tue, 28 Jul 98 11:05:51 CDT From: rich@pencil.math.missouri.edu (Rich Winkel) Organization: PACH Article: 40031 /** headlines: 137.0 **/ ** Written 6:32 PM Jul 27, 1998 by econet in cdp:headlines ** /* Written 4:07 PM Jul 27, 1998 by newsdesk@igc.org in ips.english */ Worldwide distribution via the APC networks. *** 24-Jul-98 *** Alarming Rise in Natural Disasters By Thalif Deen, IPS 24 July 1998 UNITED NATIONS, Jul 24 (IPS) - The United Nations says the number, and scale, of environmental emergencies throughout the world are increasing at an alarming rate. In a report on U.N. humanitarian assistance, Annan says the rash of recent natural disasters include floods in the Horn of Africa and central and eastern Europe, forest fires in Indonesia and Brazil, landslides in Latin America and the Caribbean, drought in North Korea and earthquakes in Iran. In the 12 months to early 1998, the United Nations provided assistance to 51 member states in their efforts to cope with the devastating impact of 77 natural disasters and environmental emergencies. From September to November 1997, parts of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand were seriously affected by dense haze stemming primarily from large-scale forest fires in Indonesia. These fires were, in turn, caused by using fire and land clearing, and aggravated by the El-Nino induced drought conditions. The overall area under fire was about two million hectares.

63. VDEM > Preparing For Disasters > Drought In Virginia of natural disasters, they are often more costly. No region in North America is immuneto droughts and at least one region in the US experiences drought in any http://www.vaemergency.com/prepare/drought/droughtinfo.cfm

Some General Information About Drought ... Drought Is ... a period of abnormally dry weather, which lasts long enough to produce a serious hydrologic imbalance. Drought is Defined By ... rainfall amounts, vegetation conditions, agricultural productivity, soil moisture, reservoir levels and stream flow or economic impacts. Drought is defined differently in various locations. For example, a drought in New Jersey could equate to wet conditions in the deserts of Arizona. Dry Weather Becomes a Drought When ... there is a lack of normal precipitation over an extended period, usually a season or more, and this lowered precipitation results in a water shortage for some activity (such as agriculture), group (a specific human population) or environmental sector (animals, plants or habitat). Drought is a Gradual Phenomenon ...

64. DI Digest Idea 1 Nov 97 Floods devastate Poland, the Czech Republic and Germany. After drought, famine andcivil war, now Somalia is under water. natural disasters, right? Well, no. http://www.iisd.org/didigest/nov97/1nov97.html

About Di Digest Back Issues Mailing List Email DI ... TrendWatch Natural Disasters - How Natural? [human actions magnify natural disasters] helplessness myth - The concept still popular among the more traditional relief agencies, that after a natural disaster thousands of shocked people sit around waiting for help. Used to justify TV fundraising, airlifts of inappropriate housing and presidential morale-raising photo-ops. Anders Wilkman and Lloyd Timberlake. Natural Disasters: Act of God or Acts of Man? EarthScan, London: EarthScan; Swedish Red Cross, 1984. Tahmina Ahmed and others. Rivers of Life (an NGO critique of the Flood Action Plan) . London, UK: Panos Institute and Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies, 1994. Virtual Ideas Info on natural disasters around the world

65. Economic And Financial Conseqences Of Natural Disasters: Meeting Report two broad categories of hazard, hydrometeorological (flood, drought, tropical cyclones Crowards,who has investigated the effects of natural disasters on small http://www.odi.org.uk/speeches/disasters_2004/natural_disasters_report.html

Meeting Report Beyond the damage: probing the economic and financial consequences of natural disasters This joint meeting of ODI's Humanitarian Policy Group ( HPG ) and International Economic Development Group ( IEDG ) launched the report by Charlotte Benson and Edward Clay ' Understanding the Economic and Financial Impacts of Natural Disasters ' published by the World Bank. Speakers: Edward Clay, Senior Research Associate, ODI Tom Crowards, Economic Adviser, DFID, and J. M. Albala-Bertrand, Queen Mary, University of London Chair: Simon Maxwell - Director, ODI PDF file ) from World Bank site Unformated text file from Worl Bank site 1. In 1990s, major catastrophes reported losses averaging US$66bn a year. The number of people affected has increased threefold between the 1970s and 1990s. Such figures have triggered a growing awareness of the potential damage caused by natural hazards. But there is still limited knowledge of their wider economic significance or of the problems posed for development. This final report on a study, which received financial support from DFID's CHAD, looks behind the loss figures, drawing on studies of

66. New Natural Disasters Links Interactive Weather Information Network. natural disasters Prepare, Mitigate,Manage. GeologyLink®. Specific Disaster Types US drought Monitor. http://www.geo.umass.edu/courses/geo250/Disaster Links by Category.htm

New Natural Disasters Links By Category Calculators and Converters; Tools: Decimal To Scientific Notation Converter Scientific Notation To Decimal Converter Celsius and Fahrenheit Conversion Meteorology Conversion Factors Table ... The Garden GEO Searcher Regional Organizations: International Organizations: Pan American Health Organization - Homepage Earth Watch Map Related Sites: Map center ESRI/FEMA Hazard Awareness Site Suggested Reading: Cartographies of Danger : Mapping Hazards in America Types of Maps- EPA EnviroMapper ... NCDC: * National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) * Image Sites: Images of Earth and All Available Satellites JPL NASA Earth Images Photo Gallery: PAHO Disasters in the Americas Imaging Radar Home Page at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory ... EO Newsroom: New Images Index Generic Disaster Info Sites: Natural Disaster Reference Database - Subject Categories Natural disaster reduction EO Natural Hazards: Natural Hazards Main Page Interactive Weather Information Network ... GeologyLink® Specific Disaster Types: National Hurricane Center / Tropical Prediction Center U.S. Drought Monitor

67. Cyclone And Drought Recovery | Catholic Relief Services world, is struggling to recover from the multiple natural disasters that struck thecountry over the last year. Three cyclones, flooding and drought have left http://www.catholicrelief.org/where_we_work/africa/madagascar/recovery.cfm

Email this page Home > Where We Work > Africa > ... Madagascar > Search: In This Section Quick Facts History Our Work at a Glance Examples of Our Work A Timeline of CRS' Work in Africa Cyclone and Drought Recovery Ensuring Just and Fair Elections Partner Profile: FFKM Andrimaso ... United Nations Says Madagascar Still Needs Help Statistics Economic Statistics General Statistics Cyclone and Drought Recovery For the last year, Madagascar has been battered by a series of natural disasters. Throughout 2002-2003, the island was hit by numerous cyclones that caused enormous damage, In 2002, the region was hit by back to back cyclones, causing the capital city of Tana to experience flooding that left 3,700 families homeless. In 2003, Cyclone Manou hit the country and battered its 46,000 citizens for more than six hours. To the south, Madagascar experienced record drought, causing severe food shortages. Reported CRS Country Representative Jennifer Overton, "Families have exhausted their food supplies and are resorting to eating roots and cactus fruit. Working with our partners, we're planning to distribute food and medicines, but the needs are increasing as the area has not received consistent rain in over a year." Catholic Relief Services Responds In response to these crises, CRS implemented a variety of food distribution, emergency preparedness and rehabilitation projects. These projects included:

68. The Spokesman-Review.com - Weather News And Natural Disasters Weather news and natural disasters Bad weather stalls rescue of climber. Townmourns loss of eight who died in tornado. drought worsening in Montana. http://www.spokesmanreview.com/news/allcat.asp?cat=Weather_news_and_natural_disa

69. Current World News & Trends > Natural Disasters, Famine & Disease disasters were much lower than from natural catastrophes, Swiss The worst manmadedisaster was the sinking of Recurring drought and poor yields coincide with a http://www.ucg.org/worldnews/disasterfaminedisease/

www.ucg.org www.gnmagazine.org The following articles are presented for informational use. They (and other material from these sources) may not necessarily reflect the views of the publishers of this Web site. Archives by Subject Today's News Recent: News News Analysis Articles of Interest Religion ... Leopards are Prowling Britain, Survey Suggests The sighting counts averaged four each day. Two-thirds of the sightings involved large black animals resembling melanistic leopards, also known as panthers. If all these sightings had been confirmed, it would mean the U.K.'s leopard population now rivals that of the Kashmir region of the Indian subcontinent... From National Geographic News (dated June 3, 2004) Red Cross trebles appeal for Caribbean flood victims Deadly floods that have lashed Haiti and the Dominican Republic...[have] left more than 1,400 people dead, according to an official toll... Agence France-Presse story at TerraDaily (dated June 1, 2004)

70. Information Technology And Natural Disaster Management In India sensing system which can be used to integrate natural hazard assessments of GISand Remote Sensing in various disasters are as follows drought GIS and http://www.ncasindia.org/archives/advocacy_internet/disaster/article6.htm

71. Natural Disasters In India that many parts of the state than was reeling under a drought for the once againunderlined the lack of preparedness to respond to a natural disaster of such http://www.ncasindia.org/archives/advocacy_internet/disaster/article2.htm

72. Natural Disasters – At The Hand Of God Or Man? - 6/23/1999 - ENN.com Yangtze floods were anything but natural flooding was But as the disaster tolladded up, the Paradoxically, clearing forests also exacerbates drought in dry http://www.enn.com/features/1999/06/062399/disaster_3932.asp

Site Index: Home News ENN Earthnews Affiliates News In-Depth Topics Interact Online Quizzes Postcards Marketplace Business Center Store Advanced Search Advertise Join ENN e-mail Subscription Take our Survey Affiliate Tech Center Post Press Release Help About ENN Site Map Wednesday, June 23, 1999 By Janet N. Abramovitz Clearing forests exacerbates drought and can lead to dangerous forest fires. Storms, floods, droughts, and fires in 1998 caused a staggering 32,000 deaths worldwide. In that year another 300 million people more than the population of the United States were displaced from their homes or forced to resettle because of extreme weather events. According to figures complied by Worldwatch Institute and the Munich Reinsurance Company, the costs of weather-related disasters in 1998 reached a record high of more than $92 billion a 50 percent increase over the previous record of $61 billion in 1996. Disaster losses in 1998 alone far exceed the $78 billion in losses for the entire decade of the 1980s. Munich Re estimated in its 1998 year-end report that the number of natural catastrophes has tripled since the 1960s, increasing the overall cost to the world's economies nine-fold. Floods, storms, and other events are certainly not new phenomena. Indeed, natural disturbances are a vital part of nature, restoring soil fertility, and shaping the landscape. The search to understand the roots of natural events like great floods has been a theme in virtually every civilization's epic tales and creation myths.

73. Natural Disasters In The New York City Area: Economic Effects, Annotated Bibliog New York and New Jersey are among 10 states declared drought emergencies volunteerpublic safety community develops plans to deal with natural disasters, but is http://nycem.org/techdocs/bibliography/nycecon.asp

Natural Disasters in the New York City Area: Economic Effects Annotated Bibliography by Christopher Hollister Graduate Assistant MCEER Information Service (Former bibliography by Hugh Jarvis) Overviews: The following sources provide an overview of the disasters which are deemed to be important for New York City emergency planning. Sylves, Richard T. and Thomas J. Pavlak. "Managing Major Emergencies in 'Gotham City'." In Disaster Management in the US and Canada: The Politics, Policymaking, Administration and Analysis of Emergency Management , Second Edition. Richard T. Sylves and William L. Waugh, Jr., eds. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 1996. Sylves, Richard T. and Thomas J. Pavlak. "The Big Apple and Disaster Planning: How New York City Manages Major Emergencies." In Cities and Disaster: North American Studies in Emergency Management. Richard T. Sylves and William L. Waugh, Jr., eds. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 1990. An earlier version of the previous item, but has some additional information including a table of major incidents. NOTE: All information sources noted above can be obtained through MCEER Information Service Supporting Documents: The following provide more specific details about past or predicted natural disasters and their various economic impacts on the New York Metropolitan area.

74. I D N D R | About The International Decade For Natural Disaster Reduction natural disasters earthquake, flood, drought, hurricane, wildfire, tsunami,avalanche, tornado and so on - are constant, unchanging threats. http://www.oneworld.org/idndr/wdd.html

In this section: World Disaster Day Welcome to these special pages on the IDNDR web site. World Disaster Day is a special day nominated by the United Nations to promote and publicise the cause of natural disaster reduction. This year the UK Committee is focusing on providing information to schools which will help in the teaching of the natural hazards option of the geography 'A' level. The information contained here provides anecdotes, stories, cautionary tales, and a list of related web sites which we hope will be of real value to teachers and pupils. Websites: volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/vw_news/vw_news.html Vesuvius, the making of a catastrophe (tribeca.ios.com/~dobran/) Here are eyewitness accounts from Pliny the Younger of Vesuvius erupting (http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu/pompeii/pliny.html) Mt St Helens: see what happened (http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/msh/msh.html) ... Keep an eye on Montserrat now! (http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/current_volcs/montserrat/montserrat.html) Anecdotes: Volcanoes, like earthquakes, are concentrated at plate boundaries. By the year 2,000 there will be more than 100 cities with populations of more than 2 million, and half of these will be within 150 miles of a plate boundary. The guess is that one tenth of the world's population lives close to an active volcano: 500 million people in the firing line. There are more than 500 active volcanoes, and 50 or so erupt each year.

75. Christian Aid Annual Review 2000-2001 drought in Ethiopia were two of the worst disasters of the year 2000, and ChristianAid published a report that highlighted them both as unnatural disasters. http://www.christian-aid.org.uk/aboutca/annrev01/glowarm.htm

who we are c annual review c jobs c volunteering c events c UK and Ireland c contact us Workers in a tree nursery in Orissa, north east India photo: Christian Aid / Dan Charlish n-natural disasters Floods in Mozambique and drought in Ethiopia were two of the worst disasters of the year 2000, and Christian Aid published a report that highlighted them both as un- natural disasters . Christian Aid warned that, by 2020, global warming could cause up to 245 major climate-related disasters, compared with 16 in the 1960s. Three-quarters of the world's population could be at risk from drought or floods. Within moments, disasters can wipe out years of development progress. And local organisations have to switch from supporting development programmes to running relief operations. With this in mind, Christian Aid-backed local organisations have for several years been helping the most vulnerable communities to prepare for the worst. In India, for example, groups are encouraging the Orissa state government to develop a comprehensive policy on disaster mitigation. In Ethiopia, similar organisations are supporting soil and water conservation.

76. Hearing Summary On Mitigating Natural Disasters droughts are usually not considered natural disasters because of their slow onset,but are debilitating. Because the US does not have a drought policy, the http://www.agiweb.org/hearings/mitigate.html

American Geological Institute Government Affairs Program Hearing Summary on Mitigating Natural Disasters (8-20-98) Between 1989 and 1994, the President declared more than 291 disasters, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) spent over $34 billion in assistance to disaster victims. In order to decrease the federal costs of disasters and meet goals set out in the Government Performance and Results Act ( GPRA ), FEMA has restructured and refocused the mission of the agency to incorporate pre-disaster, community-based mitigation. In 1996, the agency released its " National Mitigation Strategy ," developed as a framework to help reduce the losses from natural disasters. Out of these reforms came a community-based partnership program called Project Impact . Seven communities were chosen as pilot communities. The program has proven to be successful, and FEMA has announced plans to have a Project Impact community in every state by the end of 1998. Congress and the White House generally support FEMA in its attempt to decrease long-term costs associated with natural disasters, and disaster mitigation has been the topic of several hearings and bills. Currently, there are over ten bills in Congress dealing with amending the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act

77. Nat'l Academies Press, The Impacts Of Natural Disasters: (1999), Appendix A: Env increasing. OCR for page 60 60 The Impacts of natural disasters A Frameworkfor Loss Estimation water temperatures. pollutants. drought of 1988. http://books.nap.edu/books/0309063949/html/55.html

Read more than 3,000 books online FREE! More than 900 PDFs now available for sale HOME ABOUT NAP CONTACT NAP HELP ... ORDERING INFO Items in cart [0] TRY OUR SPECIAL DISCOVERY ENGINE Questions? Call 800-624-6242 The Impacts of Natural Disasters: A Framework for Loss Estimation Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources ( CGER CHAPTER SELECTOR: Openbook Linked Table of Contents Front Matter, pp. i-x Contents, pp. xi-xii Executive Summary, pp. 1-2 1 Estimating the Losses of Natural Disasters, pp. 3-14 2 Direct Losses of Natural Disasters, pp. 15-34 3 Indirect Losses of Natural Disasters, pp. 35-44 4 Conclusions and Recommendations, pp. 45-48 References, pp. 49-54 Appendix A: Environmental Impacts of Natural Disasters, pp. 55-64 Appendix B: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members, pp. 65-68 GO TO PAGE: TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PRINTABLE PDF PAGE CHAPTER PAGE SEARCH THIS BOOK: The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy.

78. ThinkQuest : Library : Natural Disasters: Destructive Forces Of Nature This is a fun, interesting, and highly educational resource to learn all about natural disasters and the effects that they have on our planet. http://library.thinkquest.org/16132/frames.html

Index Earth Science Natural Disasters: Destructive Forces of Nature How can you protect yourself from the deadly effects of tornadoes? What is a tsunami? Science students can find out these answers plus a lot more information on Natural Disasters. Tornadoes, Volcanoes, Lightning, Tsunami, Earthquakes, Drought, and Hurricanes are all discussed in-depth with glossaries, pictures, and graphs. There are also helpful links for each subject in addition to all the information already provided by this site. Visit Site 1998 ThinkQuest Internet Challenge Languages English Students David Yorktown High School, Yorktown Hts., NY, United States Suketu The Harvey School, Katonah, NY, United States Roman Handesaim School, Tel-Aviv, Israel Coaches Cathy Yorktown High School, Yorktown Hts., NY, United States Jeff The Harvey School, Katonah, NY, United States Asher Handesaim School, Tel-Aviv, Israel Want to build a ThinkQuest site? The ThinkQuest site above is one of thousands of educational web sites built by students from around the world. Click here to learn how you can build a ThinkQuest site.

79. EnviroZine - Any Questions? Year, Type of natural Disaster, Location, Cost. 200102, drought, British Columbia,Prairies, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, preliminary estimate, $5 billion. http://www.ec.gc.ca/envirozine/english/issues/34/any_questions_e.cfm

Issue 34 July 24, 2003 EnviroZine Home Previous Issues Browse by Subject Any Questions? ... Contact the Editor You are here: EnviroZine Issue 34 Any Questions Do you have a question about plants, animals, air pollution, water, weather, climate change, new technologies or some other aspect of the environment? Now you can ask Environment Canada's knowledgeable specialists. To send us a question, fill in the form below. It may take some digging to find your answer so please be patient. Print Version E-mail this page More Questions Question of the Month Fierce rains overflowed the Saguenay River in southern Quebec in 1996. Click to enlarge In the last ten years, what natural disasters has Canada experienced? What was the cost to repair the damages? Where does Canada get its aid money? Katrina Angas, Richmond Hill, Ontario Recent studies reveal Canadian natural disasters are on the rise in both size and frequency. With the bulk of these disasters hitting within the last decade, the Canadian government has spent more than $13 billion to restore damaged infrastructure and uninsured properties. Canada's Most Expensive Natural Disasters Year Type of Natural Disaster Location Cost Drought British Columbia, Prairies, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia

80. Drought Amendment Passed In BR Senate for wildfires, tornadoes, floods or any other natural disaster does. It is astoundingto me that now – during what may very well be the worst drought in US http://daschle.senate.gov/~daschle/pressroom/releases/02/09/2002910D01.html

Senate FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE September 10, 2002 Drought Amendment Passed In Senate In a Bipartisan Vote Today, Emergency Drought Amendment Passes With 79 Votes Drought Amendment Would Provide Upwards of $5 Billion in Direct Emergency Assistance to Farmers and Ranchers Statement by Senator Tom Daschle Washington, DC – When the Senate passed the Farm Bill, 208 days ago, we agreed overwhelmingly to include assistance for farmers and ranchers who suffered serious economic losses resulting from natural disasters during the last crop year. Sixty-nine senators – Democrats and Republicans – voted to include that assistance in the Farm Bill. Unfortunately, the Administration and Republican House leaders objected. In a House-Senate conference committee, they threatened to block any Farm Bill from passing – and deny all assistance to farmers and ranchers – unless we removed natural disaster assistance from the bill. Reluctantly, we agreed. But when the Farm Bill passed, we made it clear that the need for disaster assistance for farmers and ranchers would not go away, that it would only get worse, and that we would have to revisit the issue. With a summer as dry in some places as any since the Dust Bowl of the 1930s, it has gotten worse, much worse, and today we did revisit this issue. This time 79 Senators supported immediate emergency drought assistance for farmers and ranchers. There are still some, however, who say we shouldn't spend another dollar on agriculture. They say the new Farm Bill already provides coverage for disaster assistance.

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