61. AusStats : DNA Profiling In Tasmania Forensic Procedures Act (eg permissible matching, use of prescribed offenders and volunteers were collected by Tasmania submitted to FSST for dna analysis; and. http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/3cf218c607f39068ca256c32002418dc?OpenD

62. The Case Of The Robbery At Ballston Spa Middle School knowledge of basic forensic study) fingerprinting dna, blood, hair for accuracy potential relevance) -comparing matching data collected on suspects http://www2.neric.org/capboces/slohp/ballston.htm

District: Ballston Spa Central School District Representative: Susan Penney Teachers of Team Unit: Project Name: The Case of the Robbery at Ballston Spa Middle School Grade Level: Eight Subject Area: Interdisciplinary - science, social studies, math, language arts Unit Overview: Specific Content Topics: Curriculum Frameworks Referenced: * Math/Science: * English/Language Arts: * Languages other than English: #1 Use of a language other than English (identifies the language as non-English) -translating evidence written in Spanish * Social Studies: * Career/Occupational Studies: Assessments

63. CIS Links The matching algorithms that are known with their safe and efficient methods of collecting, preserving, packaging http//www.howstuffworks.com/dnaevidence.htm. http://www.cis-sci.ca/Links.asp?linksPage=13

64. Untitled Document dna matching has been widely applauded as the most important the urge to use information collected for one research other than for forensic dna analysis. http://www.rcmp.ca/dna_ac/privacy_e.htm

@import url("../styles/sidebar_navigation.css"); Contact Us Help Search Canada Site ... Careers / Recruiting Provinces- Alberta British Columbia Manitoba New Brunswick Newfoundland N.W.T Nova Scotia Nunavut Ontario - NCR-Ottawa P.E.I. Quebec Saskatchewan - Training Academy Yukon National DNA Data Bank Advisory Committee The Privacy Implications of Forensic DNA Analysis DNA matching has been widely applauded as the most important development in criminal identification since fingerprinting. A relatively new and uncertain technique at the beginning of the 1990s, it is now high profile, particularly when it produces dramatic proof of innocence and a wrongful conviction. Not so high profile, however, has been the subtle trend towards capturing and retaining DNA information about an increasingly large segment of the population. Forensic DNA evidence was first used in Canada in 1988, but there was no legislation to authorize law enforcement officers taking DNA samples from suspects until 1995, when Parliament amended the Criminal Code to permit obtaining samples under warrant. Soon after, the Solicitor General began consultations on creating a National DNA Data Bank to facilitate criminal investigations. The National DNA Data Bank currently holds samples and analyses from crime scenes and from those convicted of a range of violent offences.

65. DNA STORY testing laboratory for paternity, concluded that matching two samples If a piece of hair collected from the crime scene matches with dna collected from a http://www.umanitoba.ca/manitoban/archives/feb21_2001/features1.html

February 21, 2001 DNA story: new technology and basic rights The creation of state-run databanks raises ethical concerns by Akossiwa Abotsi Illustration by Ryan Woo DNA fingerprinting or DNA profiling, the method of identification that analyzes and compares fragments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from separate sources, has become the newest powerful weapon in criminal investigations in many countries. The creation of a national databank around the world, including Britain, United States, Australia and Canada, and the wish of some political parties or groups to extend DNA databanking to arrestees is demonstrative of the extent to which people are capitalizing on DNA evidence to solve crimes. "The idea with the DNA databanking is that violent offenders, murderers and rapists tend to have a higher rate of repeating their crime. Maintaining a DNA national databank of those categories of offenders can be useful for later investigations," said Jonathan Kimmelman, a research associate for the Manitoba branch of Canadian Center for Policy Alternatives (CCPA-MB) and an associate of the University of Manitoba's Centre for Professional and Applied Ethics.

66. DNA Databases For Offender Identification In Europe - The Need For Technical, Le and storage of anonymous dna samples collected from offenders profiles as well as reference dna samples from internal controls of a matching sample identified http://www.rechtsmedizin.uni-mainz.de/Remedneu/molgen/databas1.htm

From the Second European Symposium on Human Identification, Innsbruck, Austria, June 9-12, 1998 DNA Databases for Offender Identification in Europe - The Need For Technical, Legal and Political Harmonization Peter M. Schneider, Institute of Legal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Am Pulverturm 3, 55131 Mainz, Germany ref. 1 There is no generally agreed model regarding the organisational structure of a national DNA database. Therefore, Fig. 1 may serve as an example for such a database exibiting typical features which should ascertain the efficient use in criminal investigations and at the same time provides a maximum of data protection and quality assurance for the DNA profiles entered. This model is divided into three separate organisational areas: The DNA database with profiling laboratory for typing and storage of anonymous DNA samples collected from offenders only for the purpose of database searches; an independent database only for storage of personal records and identification tags used to anonymize the DNA database samples; the police carrying out routine casework investigations on crime scene samples.

67. Dave Kopel & Paul H. Blackman On Gun Control & Fingerprinting On National Review about $20 per gun (the cost to collect the sample of the bullets are worthless even for matching to the less useful than real fingerprinting or dna analysis as http://www.nationalreview.com/kopel/kopel102302.asp

Home Corner Articles Authors ... Print Version October 23, 2002 9:00 a.m. Not So Fast Ballistic fingerprinting won’t work in response to the D.C. sniper. he Sniper has reinvigorated gun-prohibition groups. Gun control is the answer for them, of course, to a murder spree by someone using some kind of rifle or handgun in a caliber of approximately .223. The prohibition lobbies and their media dupes are calling the suspect .223 "high-powered," but it's really about as low powered as a centerfire rifle gets. As a hunting round, it's for varmints, not big game. While the Violence Policy Center has been making a big deal about "sniper rifles" and "sniper culture" (thereby denigrating the many decent people who serve as snipers for the police or the military), the .223 caliber — if that's what the shooter is using — is quite far from the long-range, high-power type of rifle used by police and military snipers. Thus, the gun-control issue du jour is so-called "ballistic fingerprinting" or "ballistic DNA." The theory is that when a bullet goes through a rifled barrel — handgun or rifle — striations are made on the bullet that are unique to that particular barrel, just as DNA and fingerprints are unique. So, once you have a crime bullet, all you need to do is compare it to all other bullets, find your match, and go from there, just as you would do with a fingerprint or DNA sample.

68. So You Want To Be A Forensic Scientist The Ident team will correctly collect the evidence, and submit it to Today, this mostly involves dna analysis matching a gun to bullet or a tool mark to the http://www.csfs.ca/To_be_a_Forensic_Scientist.htm

So You Want to be a Forensic Scientist? by Dr. Gail S. Anderson Associate Professor, Associate Director Simon Fraser University click here to learn more about Dr. Anderson Forensic science is the application of science to law. Any science can be applied into a legal situation, but some of the commonest forensic sciences include forensic biology, forensic chemistry, and forensic toxicology. In order to be a forensic scientist you must first be a scientist. You must have a strong grounding in the science you are interested in, before you can apply that science into a legal setting and become a forensic scientist. Although on television we see supposed ‘forensic scientists’ doing a multitude of jobs from crime scene analysis to shooting the bad guy, forensic science in real life is quite different. There are several career option s in the general area of forensic science. CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATORS to blood spatter pattern analysis (only a select few). The Ident team handles the crime scenes and is not responsible for other aspects of the investigation.

69. The First 100 Hits Forensic-Offender Matches On The New York State DNA Data Bank time the forensic dna evidence was submitted for matching against the Improve the ability to track dna hits by routinely collecting additional information http://criminaljustice.state.ny.us/crimnet/ojsa/100_hits/

George E. Pataki Governor Katherine N. Lapp Director of Criminal Justice and Commissioner Office of Justice Systems Analysis Research Note JANUARY 2002 The First 100 Hits — Forensic-Offender Matches on the New York State DNA Data Bank James A. Gilmer and David J. van Alstyne Bureau of Research and Evaluation Table of Contents Note From the Director Executive Summary Introduction Findings ... Endnotes NOTE FROM THE DIRECTOR This DCJS study represents the first comprehensive review of hits on the New York State DNA Data Bank in which DNA recovered through forensic methods successfully linked offenders to their crimes. Deployment of this new and powerful forensic tool required stringent adherence to scientific standards. As important, though, is the capacity to assess the ability of the DNA Data Bank in bringing about appropriate criminal justice outcomes. Routinely assessing the outcomes of DNA hits will require joining information across systems. Better integrated information, in turn, will enable more innovative uses of forensic DNA technology to attack crime in ways never before contemplated. Katherine N. Lapp

70. David Icke - News Room world standard for recording data bank dna profile matching information and jurisdictions across Canada have been trained to collect the dna samples that http://www.davidicke.net/newsroom/america/canada/072400a.html

"The creation of debt through interest charges also sets up the structure through which the takeover of the world by the few becomes possible. ...the same few people have come to own all the major businesses." David Icke - ...and the truth shall set you free Canada opens National DNA Data Bank " faster sample processing at significantly less cost than most data banks in the world" (Ottawa, July 5, 2000) — Canada today officially introduced its new National DNA Data Bank. The DNA Data Bank, which will be housed at RCMP headquarters, gives Canada's police community a powerful new tool for criminal investigations. "This is a major step forward for law enforcement in Canada," said Canada's Solicitor General Lawrence MacAulay. "The Data Bank puts Canada among a handful of countries to have such a national system in place. It will help ensure that those guilty of serious crimes will be apprehended more quickly while excluding the innocent from suspicion." The Data Bank will include DNA profiles from young offenders as well as adult civilian and military offenders who are convicted of serious crimes. It will also include a crime scene index, which will contain DNA profiles from unsolved crime scenes. The information can be cross-referenced to find a match in the system.

71. NEJM -- Sign In this window in a new window, matching dna Profiles from included in a book about dna, even if the highest professional standards in collecting, storing, and http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/350/3/313

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72. DNA Evidence: Science Or Smoke And Mirrors? level, 60 ºC, the primers bind to their targets by matching bases A steps of that ladder are made up of human dna fragments collected from hundreds http://www.scandals.org/articles/pk021019.html

Guest Feature DNA Evidence: science or smoke and mirrors? By P Koupparis 19 October 2002 The jurors in a criminal trial are entitled to examine the exhibits, where possible. Some exhibits cannot be produced in court for practical reasons. In some cases a photograph may be produced instead. Sometimes the testimony of two experts that have examined an exhibit (one for the prosecution, the other for the defence) may be called in lieu of producing the original exhibit. There is one type of modern evidence that is always presented (and challenged) by forensic experts: DNA profiling evidence of identification. It may be thought that such evidence is so specialised as to require the services of scientific experts to assist the jury. That may be so, but that is not the only reason. DNA profiling evidence happens to fall into a very special category: the original exhibit is too small to be seen even with the most powerful optical microscope. No juror has ever seen the evidence he or she thought was sufficient to justify a guilty verdict. The exhibits that underlie a DNA profile belong to the sub-microscopic realm of atoms and molecules. The invisibility of profiling exhibits is not widely publicised by those on the enforcement side of the criminal justice system. Expert witnesses are employed, in part, to guard against the possibility that jurors might otherwise seek to examine the exhibits for themselves, which would be quite impossible. But size is not the only thing that makes DNA profiling evidence unique.

73. E.Peak (19/3/2001) Features: A Single Strand Of Hair - Understanding Privacy Rig testing laboratory for paternity, concludes that matching two samples If a piece of hair collected from the crime scene matches with dna collected from a http://www.peak.sfu.ca/the-peak/2001-1/issue10/fe-dna.html

Home About Masthead Et Cetera ... Search 10, vol 107 March 19, 2001 A single strand of hair - understanding privacy rights in the 21st century Akossiwa Abotsi, The Manitoban You exit a washroom, leaving a single cell on the countertop. Unknowingly, you've left a wealth of information behind. Your height, eye color, and the state of your mental well-being. With the new proposal of multi-national DNA databanks, this information could be accessed and cross-referenced globally. This isn't a George Orwell novel. This is reality. It may have been the acronym of the '90s. It was highly publicised during the O.J. Simpson trial. It has helped put convicted criminals who may have otherwise never been caught behind bars. It even assisted in clearing the names of those who have been prosecuted for heinous crimes-and we are still learning about it. DNA fingerprinting or DNA profiling, the method of identification analysing and comparing fragments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from separate sources, has increasingly become the most powerful weapon in criminal investigations in many countries. Recently, a national databank has been created, in partnership with Britain, the United States, Australia, and Canada. Their wish is to extend DNA databanking to those arrested, and globally capitalise on DNA evidence to solve crimes.

74. 7.30 Report - 25/1/2000: DNA Testing Raises Questions raises questions KERRY O BRIEN dna matching in major Proposals include the dna testing of serious criminals to match thousands of samples collected from crime http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/stories/s95431.htm

Transcript DNA testing raises questions KERRY O'BRIEN: DNA matching in major criminal investigations has been used successfully in Australia for 10 years. Now, State and Territory Governments are at various stages of legislating or considering laws to extend the use of DNA technology to clear up unsolved crime. Proposals include the DNA testing of serious criminals to try to match thousands of samples collected from crime scenes. But a United Kingdom expert now advising police in NSW believes DNA testing is so effective that even people charged with a criminal offence should be DNA tested a proposition that comes with complications. Quentin Dempster reports. DETECTIVE SUPERINTENDENT ROBIN NAPPER, NSW POLICE: Best figure we've got is 90 per cent of your crime is committed by 10 per cent of the population. In other words, the recidivist people. Most of those at some time or other end up in prison. Therefore, if you're starting to look at the main criminal recidivists, you should look at your criminal population first. QUENTIN DEMPSTER: DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid is found in every living cell.

75. The Advocate Online News: No La. Database Exists For DNA Comparisons In Slaying state database that would catalog dna test results would allow investigators to find matching samples quickly law mandates that samples be collected from people http://www.2theadvocate.com/s_killings/stories/new_dnadata001.shtml

[an error occurred while processing this directive] Back to Index Published on No La. database exists for DNA comparisons in slaying investigations By MELISSA MOORE mmoore@theadvocate.com Advocate staff writer Advocate staff photo by Mark Saltz State Police DNA analysts Amanda Montgomery, left, Jasmine Thomas and Joanie Wilson are in training. They help make up a new DNA division at the agency's crime lab. Louisiana has no DNA database to check evidence against in criminal investigations, State Police experts said Thursday. The state has 15,000 unanalyzed DNA samples and 2,000 analyzed samples, said Capt. Brian Wynne, who runs the State Police Crime Lab, but at this point all comparisons have to be done by hand. That means that for investigators to determine if the serial killer who has killed at least three Baton Rouge women is responsible for any other crimes, they must tell analysts which cases to examine and then wait for those comparisons to be done manually. State Police Col. Terry Landry said Wednesday that analysts were checking a database of samples obtained from people convicted of certain crimes and from the scenes of unsolved crimes to see if any other cases could be linked to the Baton Rouge serial killer. Wynne said State Police will begin uploading local samples to the federal DNA database, called CODIS, next week and will submit samples to that database regularly after that.

76. SerialMurderhickey11 Involves the use of genetic material collected at the regardless of age, to register their dna by providing Template Pattern matching The details of crime are http://www-personal.ksu.edu/~lswilli/SerialMurderhickey11.html

Apprehending Serial Killers Police departments generally are not equipped or trained to apprehend serial killers. They are organized to catch robbers and to intervene in family fights” (Lindsey, 1984, p.1). Factors that differentiate serial murder from other violent crime: Serial killers are often highly mobile and may cross several law enforcement jurisdictions. Serial Killers generally murder strangers. Law enforcement agencies may not recognize the shared patterns in individual murder cases. Lack of communication between Law Enforcement Agencies. Multi Agency Task Forces Designed to coordinate the investigation and collection of evidence in serial murder cases, which often requires the management of Federal, State, County and Municipal Law Enforcement Agencies. D.C. Sniper Case The Atlanta Child Murders The Green River Killings Green River Killer – cost $20 million Atlanta Youth Murders – $200,000 per month (1980-81) D.C. Sniper – Estimated cost of $1,000,000 per week Issues in managing major cases Media Coverage Management of Resources- Who’s in charge? What’s the chain of command?

77. PUBLICATION RCMP to provide results of dna samples collected from a dna backlogs are nothing new. Since advanced genetic matching technology was introduced to police work http://www.garrybreitkreuz.com/publications/Article182.htm

PUBLICATION: National Post DATE: EDITION: National SECTION: News PAGE: A1 / Front BYLINE: Brian Hutchinson SOURCE: National Post ILLUSTRATION: NOTE: bhutchinson@nationalpost.com RCMP lab swamped, cases in peril: Insiders blame cuts: 'A serial rapist or murderer could be loose,' says expert who quit in disgust A massive backlog of DNA casework has overwhelmed the RCMP's forensic laboratory system and jeopardized hundreds of the country's most serious criminal investigations. Internal RCMP statistics obtained by the National Post show that in the first eight months of this year, only 26% of forensic DNA inquiries marked "urgent" have met the RCMP's own mandated completion deadline of 15 days. "Urgent" cases include suspected serial homicides, terrorism and violent sexual assaults. Only 12% of the RCMP's "routine" DNA cases, from such crimes as bank robberies, have met their 30-day deadline. In all, some 2,300 DNA samples from as many as 500 criminal cases across the country are waiting to be analyzed. Most municipal police forces in Canada rely on the RCMP's DNA services. Sources say ongoing cuts to the force's six forensic labs mean the backlog will keep growing.

78. Silent Witness Newsletter - Volume 4, Number 1, 1998 If the generated profile matches the profile from the evidentiary sample, the matching profile is compared to dna profiles collected and validated http://www.ndaa-apri.org/publications/newsletters/silent_witness_volume_4_number

About APRI Contact APRI Employment Silent Witness - Volume 4, Number 1, 1998 New FBI Policy Revolutionizes DNA Court Testimony written by Angela Hart, Staff Attorney, APRI's DNA Legal Assistance Unit New FBI Laboratory Policy The FBI Laboratory began performing DNA analysis on evidence submitted in criminal investigations in 1988. In addition to analyzing evidence in federal cases, the FBI also analyzes evidence submitted by state and local prosecutors. Until recently, FBI examiners were only able to testify that individuals could not be excluded as possible sources of DNA evidence. Their conclusions were supported by mathematical probabilities that another unrelated individual in the population had the same DNA type as the evidence. Wisconsin v. Shuttlesworth Shuttlesworth was sentenced to 160 years in prison and will not be eligible for parole until he is 65. Implications of the Policy In the future, with the continuous development of new genetic markers for DNA analysis and the addition of more profiles to current population databases, the new FBI policy will be applied in increasing numbers of criminal cases. Jurors may be spared technical and often confusing explanations of population genetics and statistics because DNA examiners will be able to testify to a matching DNA profile without qualifying the match with complicated mathematical probabilities. Furthermore, now that the FBI policy has paved the way for definitive identifications of an individual as the source of an evidentiary DNA sample, other laboratories conducting DNA analysis may soon implement similar policies.

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