41. Native American Tribes And Cultures Modoc (1) Modoc indians A native American Saga, (2 Stockbridge Munsee Tribe of Mohicanindians, (2) Mohican 4) Mohicans Children of the delaware, (5) Mohicans http://www.42explore.com/native4.htm

The Topic: Native American Tribes and Cultures Below is an indexed list of links to sites on specific Native American tribes and cultures. This is a companion page to an EduScapes project on Native Americans . Before you return to the main page, you might also want to connect to the other two companion pages for the project: (1) Native American Biographies - A to Z and (2) Comprehensive Index Sites Federally Recognized Tribes - Lower 48 http://www.the-rez.com/lower48_tribes.htm First Nations Histories http://www.tolatsga.org/Compacts.html Index of the North American Indian http://curtis-collection.com/tribalindex.html Links to Information on Specific North American Indian Tribes (A-H) by P. Konstantin http://members.tripod.com/~PHILKON/links12.html Links to Information on Specific North American Indian Tribes (I-M) by P. Konstantin http://members.tripod.com/~PHILKON/links12a.html

42. Native American Indian Tribes Choctaw. Choctaw. Choctaw Home Page. Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma. native American Okie Page. delaware. delaware Tribe of indians. Eastern delaware Nations. http://www.fortunecity.com/victorian/ferndale/61/tribes.htm

web hosting domain names email addresses The Spike this should be your first stop. If you are interested in the American Indian culture then, in the interests of hereditary authenticity and derived authority! Listing of Federally Recognized Tribes Tribal Entities List as of Dec. 30, 1998 Indian Tribe Names and Their Meanings Tribal Profiles ... Geographical Index to the Tribes of the United States and Canada WARNING !!: Internet fraud. Beware that there is a tremendous amount of fraud and misrepresentation which exists on the East Coast (and on the Net) for "Indian" events and products. This fraud represents millions of dollars in revenue being deprived of our legitimate tribal Indian populations. There also exists, on the Internet and in reality, groups that give the appearance of being actual tribes, nations or having affiliation with actual tribes and nations. In most cases their purposes are not honestly represented and their existence creates enmity with the tribes and nations which they claim to represent or from which they claim to be descended. I have no way of knowing which is acceptable or legitimate from the state point of the NA Indian. Use caution when buying goods that claim they are "authentic".

43. Indian Tribes Of New Jersey The following are entered in the Handbook of American indians (Hodge, 1907, 1910)Achsinnink Alamingo, a village, probably delaware, on Susquehanna River. http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/newjersey/

document.write(''); Indian Tribes of New Jersey Indian Tribes of North America, Swanton 1900 Indian Territory Census Dawes Commission Index, 1898-1914 Circle of First Nations Our Free Newsletter 14-day Free Trial of Ancestry.com's Databases Add a link or report a Broken Link!! Delaware . The name is derived from that of Delaware River, which in turn, was named for Lord Delaware, second governor of Virginia. Also called: Abnaki or Wabanaki, "Easterners," from their position relative to many other Algonquian tribes. (See Abnaki under Maine, Wampanoag under Massachusetts, and Wappinger under New York.) A-ko-tca-ka'nlsn, "One who stammers in his speech," the Mohawk name. The Oneida and Tuscarora names were similar. Anakwaneki, Cherokee name, an attempt at Wabanaki. Lenni Lenape (their own name), meaning "true men," or "standard men." Loup, "wolf," so called by the French. Mochomes, "grandfather," name given by those Algonquian tribes which claimed descent from them.

44. Virginia's Indians, Past & Present related pages US History to 1877 and native americans. of Virginia, Maryland DelawareThe Cherokees The Chickahominy Tribe The Chesapeake indians The Dogues http://falcon.jmu.edu/~ramseyil/vaindians.htm

Welcome to the Internet School Library Media Center search this site. An index and sitemap are also available. Eight tribes are recognized by the Commonwealth of Virginia . These include the Chickahominy, the Eastern Chickahominy, the Mattaponi, the Upper Mattaponi, the Monacan, the Nansemond, the Pamunkey and the Rappahannock. Some Virginia tribes are listed on the Bureau of Indian Affairs' List of Petitioners as seeking status as tribes recognized by the U. S. government. These include petitions filed by the United Rappahannock Tribe, Inc., The Upper Mattaponi Tribe, Inc., the Ani-Stohini/Unami Nation, Mattaponi Tribe (Mattaponi Indian Reservation), the Monacan Indian Tribe and the Chickahominy Indian Tribe. No Virginia tribes are included in the Tribal Entities List of the United States government in Virginia as of March 2, 2000. Page revised 12/02/01. See also related pages: U. S. History to 1877 and Native Americans Page Index General From the Ice Age to the 16th Century [Written for Younger Readers] Maps The Amonsoquath ... Other Eastern Woodland Tribes: Northeast See also [Native Americans] [U.S. History to 1877. Virginia's Fifth Grade Curriculum]

45. Eastern Woodland Indians : Northeastern Indians Bibliography indians of the Tidewater Country of Maryland, Virginia, delaware and North GivingThanks; A native American Good Morning Message By Chief Jake Swamp; ill. http://falcon.jmu.edu/~ramseyil/indnorth.htm

Eastern Woodland Indians: Northeastern Indians Bibliography By Inez Ramsey The Northern Maize (Corn) Area extended from southern New England and Maryland to the Lower Missouri River. These peoples practiced agriculture and were hunters and fishermen. Some tribes included the Iroquois [Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca Indians]; the Huron, the Lenni-Lenape [Delaware]. The Penobscots lived in the far northeastern corner of the United States [Maine, Vermont, etc.]. The Ojibwa, Winnebago, Algonquin and Potawatomi Indians lived in the north central part of the U.S. in the Great Lakes Area [Superior, Erie] The Fox, Sauk and Menomini tribes also lived in this area. Tribes in this area had wild rice as a staple in their diets. For availability information check visit your school or public library or Amazon Books Biography. Juvenile Fiction. Juvenile Nonfiction. Juvenile Bierhorst, John. The Woman Who Fell from the Sky; The Iroquois Story of Creation Ill. by Robert Parker. Morrow, 1993. Rev. in Bklst. Challenging work for ages 5 to 9. Wonderful imagery. Bruchac, Joseph.

46. Delaware Indians Some native American histories have relegated the delaware indians to the statusof a minor east coast tribe, yet the Lenni Lenape, as they called themselves http://www.hopefarm.com/indians2.htm

Hope Farm Press Publisher of New York Regional History 252 Main Street Saugerties NY 12477 914-246-3522 To return to the Table of Contents or to see descriptions and prices of all the Native American books available. THE DELAWARE INDIANS A BRIEF HISTORY by Richard C. Adams Some Native American histories have relegated the Delaware Indians to the status of a minor east coast tribe, yet the Lenni Lenape, as they called themselves, were originally the most powerful Indian Tribe in the East, perhaps in the Americas. from the introduction: It is of this Indian people that I venture now to offer a brief history covering the early legendary period, tracing their course from the time when as a mighty nation embracing many bands they owned and occupied that vast and magnificent territory extending along the Atlantic coast from Virginia to Massachusetts, and following them in their successive migrations and removals through western Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Missouri, Kansas, and finally dealing with them in their ultimate home within the Cherokee Nation in the Indian Territory. My effort is to produce a brief and accurate sketch of the history of my people, at the time when the last bond uniting them in their tribal relations is being severed by the action of the General Government in segregating their lands, allotting them in severalty, and thereby rendering them in all respects citizens of the United States.

47. Online Native American Indian Genealogy Records & Databases Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek Seminole; delaware indians who were adopted by the Cherokeeare also included. Rootsweb s native American Database includes Cherokee http://www.genealogybranches.com/nativeamericans.html

Online Native American Indian Records at the National Archives Includes most of the Dawes Commission Records, some with online digital copies Index to the Final Rolls of Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes in Indian Territory (Dawes) Rootsweb's Native American Database Dawes Commission Index 1898-1914 at Ancestry (requires payment, but free at Rootsweb - see above) Dawes Commission Index 1896 at Ancestry (requires payment) 1900 Indian Territory Census (requires payment) actual census images online - listed by tribe Native American Medal of Honor Recipients (U.S. Army) Native Americans Mustered into the Service of the United States in the War of 1812 Blackfeet Blackfeet Family History Catawba Catawba Reservation (in York County, South Carolina) 1930 Census Index with links to census images Cherokee Chapman Roll of Eastern Cherokees 1851 Act of Congress Roll of Eastern Cherokees 1854 1851 Census of Cherokees East of the Misssissippi (the Siler Rolls) 1812 Horeshoe Bend Cherokee Muster Roll ... Cherokee Emigration Index 1828-1836 from: Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1881, NARA Microfilm M234-113 Wallace Roll of Cherokee Freedmen, 1890-93

48. Original Inhabitants tribes the Wappingers (or Wappani), delaware, and Mahicans Hudson Valley Indiansmigrated to Ontario, Wisconsin, Oklahoma More Information on native americans. http://www.marist.edu/summerscholars/97/natives.htm

The Wappingers Tribe in the Hudson Valley Written by: Meghan McCaffrey Page designed by: Sharon Lau and Joanna Sheers Before the arrival of the Dutch, the Hudson Valley had a people and culture of its own. The Lenni Lenape Indians were the inhabitants of the Hudson Valley. Lenni Lenapes were divided into three sub-tribes: the Wappingers (or Wappani), Delaware, and Mahicans , who all spoke Algonquin. Occupying the land east of the Hudson River were the Wappingers. Their land stretched from Manhattan Island to present-day Poughkeepsie. The Wappingers were primarily hunters and fishermen. However, they also grew maize, beans, sweet potatoes, squash, and tobacco. They made pottery, beads, feather mantles, and dressed deerskins. Wappingers used paints and dyes made of minerals and vegetables as war decoration and wrote using pictographs. All Wappingers believed in the "Great Spirit," known as "Manitou." The "Great Spirit" lived in everything, and was the supreme being. There was no distinction between spiritual and secular things. Wappingers made spears, war clubs, tomahawks, scalping knives, and bows and arrows, as all Lenni Lenapes did. Despite the manufacture of weapons and use of war paints, the Wappingers were mainly peaceful. This changed, however, with the arrival of the Dutch.

49. Shawnee And Deleware Indians recorded was not necessarily correct from the Indian perspective The Shawnee and theDelaware had sided often with the history and tragedy of native peoples and http://www.nps.gov/jeff/LewisClark2/TheJourney/NativeAmericans/Shawnee&Delaware.

Shawnee and Deleware Home The Journey Native Peoples Information on the Shawnee and Delaware Indians Recorded by Members of the Lewis and Clark Expedition 1803 The following passages have been freely adapted and excerpted from the original texts, and the spelling has been corrected to make them easier to read. For students wishing to quote these passages, the Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition , edited by Gary Moulton and published by the University of Nebraska Press, is the recommended source. For those who wish more in-depth information about Lewis and Clark's relations with various Indian tribes, including background from the Indian perspective, the best book is James P. Ronda's Lewis and Clark among the Indians . Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1984. The very best way to obtain accurate information from the tribal perspective is to contact tribal councils for individual tribes - in other words, to consult the people themselves. Contact Information: www.delawaretribeofindians.nsn.us/

50. Delaware Indian Genealogy & History: Resources For Researching Your Native Ameri Space. delaware Tribe Genealogy. FREE 14-Day Access to almost 2 Billion Records@ Ancestry.com. native americans. There are currently 562 Indian Entities http://www.kindredtrails.com/NATIVE_Delaware.html

Search Our Site powered by FreeFind Libraries, Archives National Library Library of Congress 101 Independence Ave. SE Thomas Jefferson Building LJ G42 Washington, D.C. 20540-4660 Phone: (202) 707-5537 National Archives National Archives Guide to Genealogical Research 700 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington DC 20408 Do You Have Native American Ancestors? Find out at GeneTree.com DNA Testing Center Genetic Studies conducted on full-blooded indigenous populations from North, Central, and South America (the New World) has identified a limited number of shared genetic markers. These markers have very specific modes of inheritance and are relatively unique to populations with Native American Ancestry. There are 2 types of inheritance pattern categories that these markers follow, either a directly paternal linkage (i.e., male-to-male-to-male, etc.) or a directly maternal linkage (i.e., female-to-all her children. Then, only the female children pass it on to all their children) Free At-Home Paternity Testing Kit Native American Genetic Testing Historical - Genealogical

51. American Indians In Football Joe GuyonChippewa; Pete Calac-Mission Indian; Jim Thorpe-Sac and Fox; Albert Exendine-delaware; JimThorpe was a native American from the Sac and Fox tribe. http://members.tripod.com/~johnnyrodgers/centralsqindian.html

CARLISLE INDIAN SCHOOL The Carlisle Indian School football team ( 1905 ) for enlarged photo of above click here One of the legendary teams of intercollegiate football were the Indians of Carlisle. The tales of their feats, tricks and prowess are endless. The Indians pride and fierce determination enabled little Carlisle, for fifteen years, to take the measure of almost every big university football team. Victories included wins over the then powers of the day Harvard, Yale, Pennsylvania and Princeton. An Army officer by the name of Lieutenant Pratt concieved the idea of a school in the East for Indian boys and girls. Here the Indians would be taught to read and write, speak English and learn a trade. Aided by Carl Schurz, Secretary of the Interior, he pursuaded the Washington authorities to grant use of the Carlisle Barracks located in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Previously these had been used to protect early settlers from Indian attack and, during the Revolutinary War, as a prison for captured Hessian soldiers. In 1879 Richard Henry Pratt founded the Carlisle Indian Industrial School. Beginning play in 1894 they managed only one win against Harrisburg high school. In 1899 Colonel Pratt hired Glenn S. "Pop" Warner away from Cornell University as coach. Warner soon realized the Indians were exactly the kind of players had hoped to coach. He proclaimed to his wife one evening "This is a new kind of team. They're light but they're fast and tricky. Once they get into an open field, they're like acrobats, they're so hard to knock off their feet."

52. Cherokee Messenger - Native American Herbal Remedies native American Herbal Remedies. American Mistletoe. The delaware indians, who calledthe tree Hatta-wa-no-min-schi, boiled the inner bark in water, using the http://www.powersource.com/cherokee/herbal.html

Native American Herbal Remedies Asthma Skunk Cabbage. Used by the Winnebago and Dakota tribes to stimulate the removal of phlegm in asthma. The rootstock was official in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia from 1820 to 1882 when it was used in respiratory and nervous disorders and in rheumatism and dropsy. Mullein. Introduced by Europeans. The Menominees smoked the pulverized, dried root for respiratory complaints while the Forest Potawatomis, the Mohegans, and the Penobscots smoked the dried leaves to relieve asthma. The Catawba Indians used a sweetened syrup from the boiled root, which they gave to their children for coughs. Backache Arnica. The Catawba Indians used a tea of arnica roots for treating back pains. The Dispensary of the United States (22nd edition) states this drug can be dangerous if taken internally and that it has caused severe and even fatal poisoning. Also used as a wash to treat sprains and bruises. Gentian. The Catawba Indians steeped the roots in hot water and applied the hot fluid on aching backs. Horsemint.

53. "The Flags Of The Native Peoples Of The United States" W,Virginia, Virginia, Illinois, Kentucky, delaware and Maryland The Flags of the NativePeoples ; List The Affiliated Tribes of Northwest indians; The Alabama http://users.aol.com/Donh523/navapage/

Main Native American htmlAdWH('7008303', '234', '60'); Flags of the Native Peoples of the United States I do not sell flags!! But I can tell you where to get many of them! See Item #5 below! Coming in November(2003) - from University of Oklahoma Press Native American Flags a compendium of over 190 tribal flags and flags of tribal associations. The culmination of two decades of research into the flags of America's first peoples! Over 190 color imagesonsixteencolorplates and two hundred more in black-and-white! The book is now available from either Barnes and Noble or Amazon.com. For those wishing to order the book offline, you may download an order form directly HERE I do not sell flags! See Item 5 below! Welcome to the greatly enlarged "Flags of the Native Peoples" home page. Thanks to the kind people at AOL, I now have more room for showing you what I consider a little known, but fascinating expression of one group of peoples display of their national pride and self image. I know of no other site devoted to this topic, so I hope you will browse around. Remember I do not sell flags!

54. Chronology 1776-1830 17761830 native America. 1776-78. James Cook (England) explores the Pacific Northwest.1778. Treaty between United States and delaware indians, the first United http://www.emayzine.com/lectures/Chrono1776-1830.htm

Chronology, 1776-1830: Native America James Cook (England) explores the Pacific Northwest. Treaty between United States and Delaware Indians, the first United States and Indian treaty, is negotiated in which Delaware tribe is offered the prospect of statehood. Iroquois Indians under Joseph Brant and British regulars attack American settlers on the western New York and Pennsylvania frontiers (Cherry Valley and Wyoming Valley massacres). In 1779, the Americans launch a counteroffensive under Generals Sullivan and Clinton, and Colonel Brodhead that lays waste to Indian towns and crops, and breaks the power of the Iroquois League. Peter Pond (Canada) explores the Canadian Plains and Rockies. c. 1780 Great Lakes Indians develop ribbonwork style of dress, using European materials. The craft spreads south and westward. Smallpox and measles among Indians in Texas and New Mexico. In 1782-83, a smallpox epidemic among Sanpoils of Washington. Under the Articles of Confederation defining federal and state relationships, it is accepted in principle that the central government should regulate Indian affairs and trade. Christian Delaware Indians massacred in Ohio at Gnadenhutten.

55. US Battles Fought By Native Americans British and native americans vs. Settlers and Militia in the Northwest Territory.Northwest Indian Confederation (17851787) Shawnee, delaware, Ottawa, Iroquois http://www.runningdeerslonghouse.com/webdoc92.htm

56. InterTRIBAL.net - Links To Native American Tribes And Resources Connections. Tlingit National Anthem Alaska Natives Online. APACHE. Connections. delaware.Connections. delaware Tribe of indians, Oklahoma. ELWHA. Connections. http://www.intertribal.net/NAT/NATribes.htm

NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBES NOTICE: Listing on this page does not constitute endorsement or approval of a site's content. The links provided here are for the convenience of those who wish to find tribal cultural and language resources. Click here to send us your link for listing on this page ALABAMA-COUSHATTA Connections The Alabama-Coushatta Nation ALASKA NATIVES Connections Tlingit National Anthem: Alaska Natives Online APACHE Connections Yavapai-Apache Nation Jicarilla Apache Tribe of the Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation, New Mexico ARAPAHOE Connections Wind River Reservation Consortium Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma ASSINIBOINE Connections Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes of the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana BLACKFEET Connections Blackfeet Nation in Browning, Montana Blackfoot Nation website, also in Montana CABAZON BAND OF MISSION INDIANS Connections Cabazon Band of Mission Indians CADDO Connections Caddo Indian Tribe of Oklahoma CHEROKEE Cherokee Companion, Part One

57. The Nanticoke/Lenape Tribe Of New Jersey or Men of Men , while the Nanticoke indians are known and living in New Jersey, Delawareand through The native americans along with other minority groups have http://www.jersey.net/~standingbear/home9.htm

The Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape Indians Of New Jersey The Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape Indians of New Jersey elected its first Tribal Council in 1978, becoming the largest active Tribe of Indians in the State of New Jersey. The Tribe has a membership of over fifteen hundred (1500) families with many more unaccounted for. The majority of these families are involved in public awareness of their cultural background, that has been passed down through the years. The origin of the Nanticoke People began along the Nanticoke River in Southeastern Delaware and the Eastern Shore of Maryland. Migration began in the early 1600's from Eastern Shore Maryland through Southeastern Delaware, along the shores of New Jersey and as far North to Canada and Westward into Oklahoma. As a result of this migration, the Nanticoke People united with the Lenni-Lenape Indians already living in New Jersey. According to the Wallum Ollum, which is the religious history of the Lenni-Lenape Indians, we learn that the Lenni-Lenape People migrated to New Jersey from the "North Country" crossing the Mississippi River. Unfortunately we cannot pinpoint the exact time the Lenni-Lenape Indians settled here, since man has lived in New Jersey for at least ten thousand (10,000) years.

58. Native American Glossary 10 . StateName, Origin, Administration Date, Common Name (State NamesIn Capital Are Of Indian Origin). 1) delaware (Gov. delaware); Dec. http://users.michweb.net/~orendon/americans/glosary1.html

M A I N - G L O S S A R Y Click On The Heading Number To Return Here Back Home Michigan Indian Names Of Cities And Towns Michigan - "Big Sea Water". Muskegon - Plenty Of Fish In Michigan. Osceola - Medicine Drink. Oswego - Flowing Out Lake. Pontiac - Ottawa Indian Chief Killed At Cahokia, Illinois-1776. Sheboyan - Start From Springs A Place Of Ore. Saqwasibi- "Coming Out River-Flowing Into Lake Michigan". Kalamazoo- "Otter Tail". Mackinac - "Turtle Island In Michigan". Indian Words In Common Use Common Indian Expressions Bury The Hatchet Tapioca On The Warpath Cocaine A Feather In Your Cap Indian Name Meanings Escanaba - Flat Rocks Sheboyan - Place Of Ore Winnipeg - Muddy Waters Spokane - Children Of The Sun Monon - To Carry, Tote Salamonie - Blood Root Cayuga - Starting Place Metea - Kiss Me Kankakee - Swampy Land Waupecony - White Bones Modoc - Enemy Willamette - Running Water Katahdin - Great Mountain Minnihaha - Curling Waterfall Tuxedo - Place Of Bears Kennebec - Long Place Of Water Aroostook - Good River Calumet - Pipe Of Peace Tuskegee - Warriors Atchafalaya- Long River Haiti - Mountainous Country Sheboygan - Stream That Comes From The Ground Personal and Place Names Animals And Birds Bear - Nah-hak Panther - Ke'che kaks'shu gans Beaver - Ah'mik Otter - Nee'gig Crow - Abn'dak Owl - Koo-koo ku'hoo Deer - Wa waush ka' ehe Rabbit - Wah'boos Duck - She'sheeb Skunk - Zahe'gaug Eagle - Me'gee see Weasel - Shin'goos Elk - Ah'tik Wolf - Ma'heen gun Fox - Wah'goosh Moose - Moons

59. Native Americans, Homework Resources, Carnegie Library Of Pittsburgh Resource Gu Society and Museum of Indian Culture Located in by preserving the Lenape (delaware)heritage and Susquehannock History These native americans lived along the http://www.carnegielibrary.org/subject/homework/nativeam.html

Select Library Area: Ask a Librarian Careers at CLP Computer Classes Directions Employment Genealogy/History Homework Help Hours Kids' Site Library Subject Guide Locations Renew a Book Request a Book Research Databases Resource Guide Search Subject Departments Support the Library Teens' Site Subject Search: Web Site Catalog Internet Search Database Search Events Search Resource Guide: ... Homework Resources Native Americans Pittsburgh Region Pennsylvania United States International Pittsburgh Region Allegheny-Kiske Valley: History - Native Peoples Information on the old Indian town on the Kiskiminetas River, north of Pittsburgh, and on Guyasuta, the leading spirit of the Senecas in this part of the country, and was one of the most powerful chiefs of his time. Carnegie Museum of Natural History: American Indians and the Natural World http://www.carnegiemuseums.org/cmnh/exhibits/north-south-east-west/ An online exhibition of a new hall in this Pittsburgh museum that "emphasizes the interactions of American Indian people with the natural world. Through the arts and artifacts of five American Indian peoplesthe Lakota of the Plains, the Tlingit of the Northwest Coast, the Hopi of the Southwest, the Iroquois of the Northeast, and the American Indians living in urban areas the exhibition showcases the diversity and creativity of the native peoples of North America." Native American Home Page http://www.nativeculture.com/lisamitten/

60. Native American Clashes With European Settlers In August 1775, the Shawnee, delaware, Mingo, Seneca the Ohio River as the Indianboundary and the treaty had fallen apart and native americans began randomly http://www.wvculture.org/history/indland.html

Native American Clashes with European Settlers Emergence of Tribes As the Confederacy fought smaller tribes for control of western Virginia, European colonists set their own designs on the Ohio Valley. In 1607, English colonists landed at Jamestown, Virginia. Based on various explorations, the British and French laid claim to the territory comprising present-day West Virginia and Native Americans were forced west. Many of the tribes were destroyed by constant warfare and catastrophic diseases. At the same time, trade with the Europeans proved a strong attraction, enabling the Indians to acquire valuable new products, such as guns, steel hatchets, cloth, and kettles. The fur trade in particular made many tribes powerful and more aggressive. The Indian nations successfully played one European power against another. For instance, the British formed an alliance with the Iroquois Confederacy to cut the French out of the lucrative fur trade. However, the Six Nations also negotiated treaties and traded with the French. Treaties As part of their negotiations, the British secured three treaties which opened the western Virginia frontier to European settlement: Treaty of Albany (1722) and Treaty of Lancaster (1744) with the Six Nations and Treaty of Logstown (1752) with the Delaware and Shawnee. At Lancaster, Virginia negotiators convinced the Six Nations to surrender their land to the "setting sun," which the Confederacy interpreted as the crest of the Alleghenies and the British interpreted as all of western Virginia. Following the Treaty of Lancaster and the end of King George's War (1748) between England and France, Virginia pioneers pushed west of the Alleghenies.

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