21. Kakuma-Turkana: Dueling Struggles: Africa's Forgotten Peoples - Book Review - By KakumaTurkana Dueling Struggles africa s Forgotten peoples - Book Reviews the way of life of the indigenous Turkana of He first met dan in August 2000 at http://www.bookfinder.us/review2/1929165501.html

Kakuma-Turkana: Dueling Struggles: Africa's Forgotten Peoples Kenya History Book Review AUTHOR: Daniel Cheng Yang, Bonnie J. Hayskar (Editor) ISBN: 1929165501 Compare Price for This Book History Africa History Kenya History Kakuma-Turkana: Dueling Struggles: Africa's Forgotten Peoples - Book Reviews, by Daniel Cheng Yang, Bonnie J. Hayskar (Editor) Annotation Documents the way of life of the indigenous Turkana of Kenya, an ancient pastoralist people, and the over 81,000 refugees of civil war in East Africa who have fled to Kakuma Refugee Camp on Turkana land since 1992. Includes a foreword by the Dalai Lama. What People Are Saying Bruce Harris Oliver Stone Accreditation Foreword by His Holiness the Dalai Lama Introduction by Dr. Saber Azam, United Nations Compare Prices for this Book History Africa History Kenya History

22. Bank Information Center USA Klong dan Wastewater Treatment Plant Contractor to be West africa Gas Pipeline Background Information by Bank at the indigenous peoples Roundtable, October 17 http://www.bicusa.org/bicusa/misc_resources.php

BIC is not responsible for any 'sponsored links' that appear on this Google search. Miscellaneous Resources Read More Site visit follow-up letter from requesters to the Inspection Panel Read More Bank Information Center Comments on Draft Operating Procedures for the Compliance Review Panel (CRP) of the Asian Development Bank Read More ADB Disclosure Policy Consultations Read More Minutes of the Board of Directors Meeting February 25, 2004 Read More Summary of EIR Recommendations for Adoption by the World Bank Group Read More Propuesta de Alianza Amazonica para la consulta de la política y el marco estratégico sobre los pueblos indígenas Read More Amazon Alliance proposal for a consultation process for the IDB Indigenous Peoples Policy Read More Minutes of the Board of Directors Meeting December 15, 2003 Read More Multilateral Development Bank (MDB) Activities in Kazakhstan- Update #1 – February 1, 2004 Read More Iniciativa par la Transparencia Global, Actualización #8 – 1 Marzo 2004 La actualización del ITG incluye información sobre el borrador de la política del acceso de BAD, la revisión de la política del acceso de CFI, y un calendario de próximos acontecimientos. Read More Proposals to Reform the Asian Development Bank: Opportunities for ADF IX Negotiations Read More EIR Recommentations Summary For Adoption By World Bank Group Read More NGO Asian Development Fund Briefing: ADB and Transparency Read More NGO Asian Development Fund Briefing: ADB and Poverty Reduction Read More NGO Asian Development Fund Briefing: ADB and Forestry

23. Bank Information Center USA: La Revision De La Politica Del Banco Mundial Sobre Translate this page Summary of issues and concerns regarding the revision of the World Bank’s indigenous peoples Policy julio de africa Sr. dan Aronson daronson@worldbank.org. http://www.bicusa.org/bicusa/issues/misc_resources/1255.php

BIC is not responsible for any 'sponsored links' that appear on this Google search. This Entry relates to : Misc Resources La Revision de la Politica del Banco Mundial Sobre Pueblos Indigenas: Consultas Publicas Información esencial para las organizaciones indígenas y activistas octubre-diciembre de 2001 Forest Peoples Programme World Rainforest Movement Esta nota informativa tiene como fin el presentar información resumida a las organizaciones indígenas y a la sociedad civil acerca de las inquietudes fundamentales que rodean la revisión corriente de la política del Banco Mundial sobre Pueblos Indígenas. La última parte de la nota indica donde se puede conseguir más información sobre este tema. La importancia de una política efectiva sobre pueblos indígenas La política del BM sobre Pueblos Indígenas es muy importante porque determina como el personal del Banco y sus prestatarios gubernamentales tratan con las comunidades indígenas afectadas por sus proyectos y programas de desarrollo. Las estipulaciones obligatorias que respetan los derechos indígenas son importantes porque constituyen un mecanismo que puede ser utilizado por la gente afectada para manifestar sus inquietudes frente al personal del Banco y los entes ejecutores. Si este proceso no da resultado, pueden presentar sus quejas al Panel de Inspección. Los pueblos indígenas exigen una política de salvaguardia más eficaz Durante las consultas anteriores en el año de 1998, los pueblos indígenas enviaron un mensaje claro al Banco de que cualquier política nueva tendría que ser más fuerte en lo que se refiere a los derechos a la tierra y el reconocimiento de los derechos consuetudinarios.

24. Mining, Environment And Development > Social And Cultural of the Northern Cape province, South africa. indigenous peoples, Mining, and International Law (Español Involuntary Resettlement (Word) dan Sonnenberg (lims http://www.natural-resources.org/minerals/CD/social.htm

UNCTAD UNEP UNIDO ILO ... Home BY ORGANISATION UNCTAD UNEP UNIDO ILO ... MMSD BY TOPIC Best Practice / Standards Case Studies Economic Energy ... Voluntary Initiatives Social and Cultural General Community Information Needs: Access to Information Through the Mining Life Cycle (PDF) - Ginger Gibson. Prepared for the Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development (MMSD) Project. Conclusions and Recommendations from Research Topics - Mining and Society (Word) - MMSD Southern Africa Regional Group Final Report. Integrating Social Concerns into Private Sector Decisionmaking: A Review of Corporate Practices in the Mining, Oil, and Gas Sectors - Aida Davy and Kathryn McPhail - World Bank Discussion Paper No. 384, 1998. - The paper deals with aspects of corporate social responsibility. The document is available for purchase only from the World Bank website at: [ http://publications.worldbank.org/ecommerce/

25. Books, Magazines, Meetings Bates door Brazilië reisde, komt hij hooguit driemaal en dan nog alleen The book is dedicated to the indigenous peoples of subSaharan africa and prefaced http://www.xs4all.nl/~rainmed/bulletin/vol0601/book61-n.html

Rainforest Medical Bulletin Vol. 6, no. 1, June 1999 IUCN Inter-Commission Task Force on Indigenous Peoples 1997 Indigenous Peoples and Sustainability: Cases and Actions. Utrecht: International Books. 364 pages. ISBN 9057270110 Indische Zeiltocht Tim Severin, 1998; 264 pag. Arena, Amsterdam. Oorspronkelijke titel: The Spice Islands Voyage , vertaald door Pieter Dijker. ISBN: 90 6974 2926. 1: Het Maleise Eilandenrijk, 1996, vert. Ruud Rook, Atlas, Amsterdam/Antwerpen. 2: Sven Lindqvist, 1997. Exterminate all Brutes. Granta Books, London The Shaman's Apprentice, a tale of the Amazon Rainforest. As a junior version of Plotkin's tale on Suriname for adults (1), this well-illustrated book won't fail to inspire 8 to 10-year olds. The beautiful illustrations will put them right into the tropical rainforest and a riverine Indian village. The story is about the boy Kamanya and his eventually becoming the successor of a shaman, who once cured him with the help of medicinal plants. It shows the hard time such tribal communities may be given by gold diggers and missionaries, who serve as the bad guys in this story. It is the good guy, Gabriela, who restores tradition and bestowes the tribe with the first write-up of its own herbal medicine. Apart from providing the unfailing happy ending, the why's and how's of ethnobotany are thus disclosed in an age-adjusted manner. The fine drawings of 38 medical plants used by Tirio indians can serve as classroom material. (AVS) 1: Mark J. Plotkin, Tales of a Shaman's Apprentice, 1993, Penguin Books, New York.

26. Permaculture dan Hemenway s Permaculture Education tour throughout North for 3rd World indigenous peoples training course (co Eastern Cape Province, South africa; 1998; http://www.context.org/PEOPLE/robina/prmcltr.htm

PERMACULTURE Also see: PROJECT MANAGEMENT POSITIONS Co-ordinator of Permaculture Adult Educational Programmes (includes course design, tutoring and management, proposal writing, teaching adult literacy, teacher training in interactive methods, presentation to sponsors) - Tlholego Development Programme TDP), South Africa LEGAL Tree Bank Trust - for genetic conservation network, NZ - for Charles Jennings, land developer, Berkeley, USA Tlholego Village (facilitating land tenure issues, using PRA methods) - for T.D.P., South Africa Children's Permaculture Foundation - for CPF trustees, Dunedin, NZ PUBLICATIONS Leaflets 'Bird Attractant Species', 'Fire Retartant Species' - plant species lists for NZ; 1991 Chapters in Books 'Permaculture for Children' in 'Teaching Permaculture Creatively' - published by Earthcare Education (Australia) Articles in Magazines/Journals/Newspapers 'Seed Saving' - Golden Bay Community News 'Oliver's Oak Nursery' - International Permaculture Journal International Permaculture Journal Nelson, NZ

27. Indigenous Peoples' Right To Land: International Standards And Possible Developm mentioned in the case of South africa.This argument feature that more clearly distinguishes indigenous peoples from the a las nuevas condiciones y dan lugar a http://mapuche.info.scorpionshops.com/mapuint/nest1.html

URL:http://www.soc.uu.se/mapuche UNIVERSITY OF PADUA UNIVERSITY OF DEUSTO E UROPEAN M ASTER'S D EGREE I N H UMAN R IGHTS AND D EMOCRATIZATION Indigenous peoples' right to land: international standards and possible developments. The cultural value of land and the link with the protection of the environment. The perspective in the case of Mapuche-Pehuenche. Author: Lorenzo Nesti Supervisor: Natalia Alvarez 15 July 1999 Continue Index Abstract Introduction Chapter I. The term 'indigenous'. Ia. Elements of a definition of 'indigenous': ambiguities and contradictions. ... Notes Abstract Back to Index Introduction Back to Index The topic dealt with in this paper is the right to land of indigenous peoples. All along the various chapters the attempt will be to explain why this right is so relevant to indigenous peoples and which are the existing and potential ways to protect it. It is emblematic that, to look at these concepts in a concrete situation, the case chosen is the one of Mapuche people. Mapuche means people ( che ) of the Earth ( Mapu Chapter I The term ‘Indigenous’.

28. Dan Fallon's Flyfishing Column In Rackelhanen Flyfishing Magazine Throughout Asia and africa indigenous peoples were known to create New Zealand and Sweden, Ireland, even africa and The dan Fallon 1999 Read his biography. http://www.rackelhanen.se/eng/1col99.htm

Updated 99040 Swedish version Column nr.1 1999 G MEANDERING EVOLUTION I n my life time the evolution of the sport has been gradual in many respects, yet amazing in others. Thanks to the advent of space age materials and cutting edge manufacturing, the common man can enjoy the pulse raising power of a four pound rainbow slamming his store bought Royal Coachmen. The legion of contemporary fly fishers now includes a most welcome change, the gentler sex has discovered the Zen like contemplation inherent is very complimentary to their natural gentleness. My article on international super model Karen Graham now running in this webzine is a good case in point. Ms. Graham is also an accomplished guide in upstate New York (see " "). In the coming months many well schooled lady fly fishers will be spotlighted. One aspect of the sport that continues is the number of famous practitioners. In America wealthy industrialists, movie stars, athletes, and those with alittle too much money and free time can be found sipping 25 year old Scotch and tying their own mayflies inside warm and cozy 40 thousand dollar 4 wheel drives! We are lucky to still have among us many grand innovators and gods of the sport. My article on world renowned Walton Powell, one of the most famous Bamboo fly rod makers alive today ( see "

29. Africana Librarians Council of Pennsylvania), Loumona Petroff (Boston Univ.), dan Reboussin (Univ 1974), both Bantuspeaking peoples and indigenous peoples-South africa should be http://www.loc.gov/rr/amed/afs/alc/catm101.html

ALC Cataloging Committee Meeting April 27, 2001: 9:00-10:30 am, Bloomington, IN Minutes Present : Simon Bockie (Univ. of California, Berkeley), Jill Coelho (Harvard Univ.), Andrew de Heer (Schomburg Center), Karen Fung (Stanford Univ.), Miki Goral (Univ. of California, Los Angeles), Marieta Harper (Library of Congress), Patricia Kuntz (Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison), Joseph Lauer (Michigan State Univ.), Robert Lesh (Northwestern Univ.), Peter Limb (Michigan State Univ.), Peter Malanchuk (Univ. of Florida), Judy McDermott (Library of Congress), Edward Miner (Indiana Univ.), Valentine Muyumba (Indiana State Univ.), Lauris Olson (Univ. of Pennsylvania), Loumona Petroff (Boston Univ.), Dan Reboussin (Univ. of Florida), Margie Struthers (Univ. of Cape Town), Gretchen Walsh (Boston Univ.), David Westley (Boston Univ.). 2. Approved the minutes of the Fall meeting (sent to list on Dec. 09, 2000; see http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/amed/catm200.html) Use of "Bantu-speaking peoples" as a 550 (see also tracing) under various "(African people)" headings such as Shona (African people).

30. Sudan: International Campaign For Peace In Sudan faith organizations, women s associations and indigenous nongovernment and provides hope for all peoples in Sudan dan C. Hoffman, Area Secretary for africa http://www.africaaction.org/docs95/sud9506.htm

Home Africa Policy E-Journal Sudan: International Campaign for Peace in Sudan Presentations Africa Policy Outlook (annual) Resources on Global Apartheid Resources on Key Countries ... Resources on Key Issues Africa Policy E-Journal by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic Map of Africa Africa Bookshop Archives Africa Policy E-Journal Any links to other sites in this file from 1995 are not clickable, given the difficulty in maintaining up-to-date links in old files. However, we hope they may still provide leads for your research. The Africa Policy E-Journal is a free information service provided by Africa Action, including both original commentary and reposted documents. Africa Action provides this information and analysis in order to promote U.S. and international policies toward Africa that advance economic, political and social justice and the full spectrum of human rights. Documents previously distributed in the e-journal are available on the Africa Action website: http://www.africaaction.org

31. Kakuma-Turkana: Dueling Struggles: Africa's Forgotten Peoples - WhitePulp.com: T KakumaTurkana Dueling Struggles africa s Forgotten peoples. He first met dan in August 2000 at indigenous regions, like America s Native Indian reservations http://www.zooscape.com/cgi-bin/maitred/WhitePulp/isbn192916551X

Sign In Cart Wish List Help ... 100% Safe and Private! Search Everywhere Books Toys Health Adult Personal Baby for: Browse All Topics New Releases Coming Soon All Topics ... General All orders shipped by airmail! Click here for our Shipping Policies! Email us now! "The cure for writer's cramp is writer's block." - Inigo DeLeon Kakuma-Turkana: Dueling Struggles: Africa's Forgotten Peoples by Daniel Cheng Yang Shop with Confidence: 100% Safe and Private. Picture Not Available - $24.70 US - Retail: $30.88 US You Save: $6.17 US - $48.08 US - Retail: $61.75 US You Save: $13.67 US - $69.16 US - Retail: $92.62 US You Save: $23.47 US ZIN Product Number: All Prices in US$. Click Flag For CDN$. By the Numbers Cover to Cover Behind the Pen Related Reading Product Details Format: Paperback, 92 pages Publisher: Pangaea Publishing ISBN: Release Date: Jan 8, 2002 Annotation Documents the way of life of the indigenous Turkana of Kenya, an ancient pastoralist people, and the over 81,000 refugees of civil war in East Africa who have fled to Kakuma Refugee Camp on Turkana land since 1992. Includes a foreword by the Dalai Lama. Be the first to rate this book! Number of Reviews:

32. Cultural Survival indigenous Communities and Common Struggles. By Steinberg, dan. Modernity and Power in africa. By Joyce, Amy. Human Rights of indigenous peoples. By McIntosh, Ian. http://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/csq/index.cfm?id=24.3

33. Sahara Jumps Mediterranean Into Europe and concentrated in border areas in africa to prevent Perversions of Justice indigenous peoples and AngloAmerican Law by of the Carlyle Group by dan Briody. http://www.mapcruzin.com/news/news122000a.htm

Home News Free GIS Instant Maps-Websites ... Contact Sahara Jumps Mediterranean into Europe: Global warming threatens to create dust belt around the globe Fair Use Statement Source: Common Dreams Published on Wednesday, December 20, 2000 in the Guardian of London Sahara Jumps Mediterranean into Europe: Global warming threatens to create dust belt around the globe. by Paul Brown in Bonn The Sahara has crossed the Mediterranean, forcing thousands to migrate as a lethal combination of soil degradation and climate change turns parts of southern Europe into desert. A major UN conference was told yesterday that up to a third of Europe's soil could eventually be affected. A fifth of Spanish land is so degraded that it is turning into desert, according to figures released for the first time yesterday, and in Italy tracts of land in the south are now abandoned and technically desert. Portugal, Spain, Italy and Greece are the four EU countries already so badly affected that they have joined the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD) which is meeting in Bonn this week.

34. No Patents On Biotechnology Products: Africa Defies Licenses For Life the rights of communities, farmers and indigenous peoples over their for the protection of the innovations of indigenous and local on 7/22/00 By dan Ellis Email http://www.biotech-info.net/Africa_no-patents.html

"No Patents On Biotechnology Products: Africa Defies Licenses For Life" By Franck Seuret and Robert Ali Brac de la Perriere Le Monde Diplomatique July 2000 No country is self-sufficient in biodiversity. The WTO is seeking an appropriate legal framework to encourage trade. But appropriate for whom? There's the rub. The intellectual property system, which champions the breeders' interests, is becoming an instrument of neo-colonialism. The Organisation of African Unity, offering an alternative that is in the public interest as well as its own, has taken the lead in new thinking about the exploitation of life. This is a story of sugar that leaves a bitter taste in the mouth. A story of patents and piracy. In 1995 the University of Wisconsin took out four patents on brazzein, an extremely sweet tasting protein that researchers had isolated from the berry of a plant growing in Gabon. The university has since granted licences to exploit the patents to several biotechnology companies that hope to introduce a brazzein-producing gene into fruit and vegetables to obtain products that taste sweet but are less rich in calories. There are big profits in this, though not for small farmers in Gabon. They know all about the plant, they have always used it and their way of life and farming practices have helped to ensure its survival. But they will get nothing at all out of the plans to exploit it. The case of brazzein is by no means unusual. Every year, firms and universities in the countries of the North take out patents on plants grown or used in the countries of the South, without the consent of the parties concerned and without offering any financial consideration in return. To put an end to this biological piracy, the Scientific, Technical and Research Commission of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) has just produced model legislation for the recognition and protection of local communities, farmers and breeders, and for the regulation of access to genetic resources.

35. Education World® - *Social Sciences : Cultural Studies : Indigenous Peoples : A historical, cultural, and artistic diversity of african peoples. africa Tribe Background Paper Carnegie Foundation paper of the Sheikh Uthman dan Fodio, one http://db.education-world.com/perl/browse?cat_id=4023

36. Africa Indigenous Studies Hausa People The population is the largest in West africa consisting of over 20 million because of their intermarriages and constant interaction with different peoples. http://www.archaeolink.com/africa_indigenous_studies_hausa_.htm

Hausa Home Africa, African Anthropology General Resources By peoples Akan Akuapem Akye Anyi ... Zulu Hausa An overview of Hausa history and culture. "The Hausa Culture is located mostly in northwestern Nigeria and parts of southwestern Niger they call Hausaland. There are several large cities around Hausaland. The population is the largest in West Africa consisting of over 20 million because of their intermarriages and constant interaction with different peoples. While most of the Hausa live in Hausaland, some of the people are found scattered from West Africa all the way to the Congo Republic settled temporarily as traders or sometimes even permanently." - From Minnesota State University - http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/oldworld/africa/hausa.html Hausa People "Origin myths among the Hausa claim that their founder, Bayajidda, came from the east in an effort to escape his father. He eventually came to Gaya, where he employed some blacksmiths to fashion a knife for him. With his knife he proceeded to Daura where he freed the people from the oppresive nature of a sacred snake who guarded their well and prevented them from getting water six days out of the week." You will find material related to history, culture, political structure and more. - From University of Iowa - http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html

37. Africa Anthropology The indigenous peoples Rights Question in africa This statement by Moringe Parkipuny, Member of Parliament, Ngorongoro, Tanzania, was made before the http://www.archaeolink.com/indigenous_anthropology_africa_i.htm

Indigenous Studies - African Anthropology Home Ancient African Civilization African Archaeology By peoples Akan Akuapem Akye Anyi ... Zulu Abang Dance: Radiance from the River and Efik Ideal of Femininity "To dance is human, and humanity expresses itself in dance. Dancing interweaves with many aspects of life, such as art, communication, belief systems, social relations and political dynamics. Interwoven in Abang dances are three modalities: space, rhythm, and unity. Each of these modalities conveys its own distinct message(s) but interacts with each other to produce a specific form of dance as an expression and communicative art." - From Africa Resource Center - http://www.ijele.com/ijele/vol1.1/onyile.html Acacia Initiative: International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Centre de recherches pour le développement international (CRDI) (3.1) "The Acacia Initiative: Communities and the Information Society in Africa Program Initiative is an international program to empower sub-Saharan communities with the ability to apply information and communication technologies (ICTs) to their own social and economic development." - From International Development Research Centre - Africa Online: Kids Only A great kids site about Africa. Language, people, land and culture. Offers games and online quizzes. - illustrated - From AfricaOnline.com -

38. Bibliography Of Indigenous Knowledge And Institutions Resource Values on indigenous peoples Are Nonmarket Valuation Agricultural Water Management in East africa." african Affairs The Rights of indigenous peoples in InterGovernmental http://www.indiana.edu/~workshop/wsl/indigbib.html

WORKSHOP RESEARCH LIBRARY Indigenous Knowledge and Institutions (2100 citations) Compiled by Charlotte Hess November 21, 2001 Abay, Fetien, Mitiku Haile, and Ann Waters-Bayer 1999. "Dynamics in IK: Innovation in Land Husbandry in Ethiopia." Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor Abbink, John. 1993. "Ethnic Conflict in the 'Tribal Zone': the Dizi and Suri in Southern Sudan." The Journal of Modern African Studies Acharya, Bipin Kumar. 1994. "Nature Cure and Indigenous Healing Practices in Nepal: A Medical Anthropological Perspective." In Anthropology of Nepal: Peoples, Problems, and Processes . M. Allen, ed. Kathmandu, Nepal: Mandala Book Point. Acheson, James M. 1994. "Transaction Costs and Business Strategies in a Mexican Indian Pueblo." In Anthropology and Institutional Economics . J. Acheson, ed. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. (Monographs in Economic Anthropology, no. 12). Acheson, James M. 1990. "The Management of Common Property in a Mexican Indian Pueblo." Presented at "Designing Sustainability on the Commons," the first annual conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Duke University, Durham, NC, September 27-30, 1990. Acres, B. D. 1984. "Local Farmers' Experience of Soils Combined with Reconnaissance Soil Survey for Land Use Planning: An Example from Tanzania."

39. Indigenous Peoples Literature indigenous peoples. indigenous Art. Bigfoot (Lakota) Abel Bosum (Cree) Joseph Brant (Mohawk) Cochise (Apache) Crazy Horse/Tashunkewitko (Lakota) dan George Dull http://www.indigenouspeople.net/natlit2a.htm

40. The Head Heeb: Redefining Indigenous Peoples The manifesto of the indigenous peoples of africa Coordinating Committee, for instance, makes clear that the indigenous peoples are the huntergatherers and http://headheeb.blogmosis.com/archives/015585.html

The Head Heeb « From the gallery Main The party's children » September 05, 2003 Redefining indigenous peoples A group of Batwa (pygmies) from several east and central African countries are meeting in Kigali to fight discrimination in their respective homelands. The interesting part is that they are claiming rights as indigenous peoples under ILO Convention 169 as against the politically dominant Bantu majorities These rights have, until recently, been asserted almost exclusively against colonial settler populations rather than pre-colonial inhabitants. There now seems to be an increasing movement by the "first peoples" in various African regions to regard the ethnic groups who derive from the Bantu and Nilotic migrations as colonial settlers. The manifesto of the Indigenous Peoples of Africa Coordinating Committee , for instance, makes clear that the "indigenous peoples" are the hunter-gatherers and pastoralists who inhabited eastern and southern Africa before the migrations. It also makes clear that the indigenous peoples' primary grievances are against the Bantu-dominated post-colonial state structures, which often do not recognize their land rights or customary laws. At times, as in the ongoing Congolese civil war, these peoples have been subjected to outright massacres; one little-recognized facet of the 1994 Rwanda genocide is that a third of the Batwa population were killed along with hundreds of thousands of Tutsis.

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