21. Civil War Tokens, Currency And History From CJC, Inc. Civil war tokens, currency and history for the coin collector. Rettew history. FastCoin. SilverDollars. eCoinPrices Civil War Links. currency Facts. This site is a member of WebRing http://www.civil-war-token.com/

Rettew History FastCoin SilverDollars eCoinPrices ... Search for Free Offers CIVIL WAR PATRIOTIC TOKENS, SUTLER TOKENS (EXONUMIA) AND STORE CARDS: Regular issue US coinage was hoarded during the Civil War restricting merchants ability to make small change. Some merchants had tokens made to give out as change in their stores. If you ordered the least expensive tokens you would receive a combination of two existing dies, usually of a patriotic nature or similar to a US cent, these are called Civil War Patriotic Tokens Civil War Sutler Tokens were a special kind of Store Card that was issued by sutlers who supplied the Union Army. If you had more to spend you could have one or two dies custom made for you with information specific to your business (i.e. location, occupation, specialties, etc.) these are Civil War Store Cards RARITY RATINGS: The rarity scale for Civil War tokens is listed below. Most collectors collect by town, merchant or die. Very few try to get one of each die combination and metal composition. So value is determined more by supply and demand than by individual rarity. Additionally, more than a few pieces have incorrect rarity ratings (both over and under rated) in current references due to outdated information, hoards, mistakes or typo's. R1 Very Common more than 5,000 estimated

22. U.S. Treasury - Fact Sheet On The History Of "In God We Trust" Fact Sheets currency Coins. history of 'In God We Trust' The motto IN GOD WE TRUST was placed on United States coins largely because of the increased religious sentiment existing during the Civil http://www.ustreas.gov/education/fact-sheets/currency/in-god-we-trust.html

News Key Topics Press Room Organization ... ACCESSIBILITY History of 'In God We Trust' The motto IN GOD WE TRUST was placed on United States coins largely because of the increased religious sentiment existing during the Civil War. Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase received many appeals from devout persons throughout the country, urging that the United States recognize the Deity on United States coins. From Treasury Department records, it appears that the first such appeal came in a letter dated November 13 , 1861. It was written to Secretary Chase by Rev. M. R. Watkinson, Minister of the Gospel from Ridleyville, Pennsylvania, and read: Dear Sir: You are about to submit your annual report to the Congress respecting the affairs of the national finances. One fact touching our currency has hitherto been seriously overlooked. I mean the recognition of the Almighty God in some form on our coins.

23. Currency Library - Foreign Exchange Rates And Interest Rate Covers the Equity, currency and Commodity Markets. Forex Economic News Analysis. USD/JPY, 112.9000, 0.5500. view details history. source DTN Market Access. http://currencies.thefinancials.com/

//! document.write(GetBanner("L","HOME","","","VORTEX","TOP")); //> Get Content for Your Site Commodity Resourc es Index Resources ... Advertise //! document.writeln(GetBanner("S","HOTLINK","","CUR","HOME")); //> //! document.writeln(getBestMortgageRates("TFC","#86C9DA","#000066","#FFFFCC","#000066")); //> Free Book Subscribe today (free) to enter our drawing for a free copy of Electronic Currency Trading for Maximum Profit Discussions Discuss investment issues with other traders Data Get historical data and daily updates Website Content Add great content to your site, for free Job Search Search for Finance Jobs //! document.writeln(GetBanner("M","HOTLINK","","CUR","HOME")); //> : Gain access to currency futures and streaming spot rates! Open to all. Free for a limited time. Sponsored by futuresource.com Site Subscriptions An explanation of content and services available under various subscription options, including free subscriptions. Here are some firms that already know the exceptional value of a Market Library subscription:

24. E. L. Easton - English - Currency & Banking Materials for Teaching and Learning English currency Banking. Accounting. Dictionaries. Exchange Rates. history of Money What is Money? Peter Magnusson. history of Money Peter Magnusson http://eleaston.com/monmat.html

@import url(ele.css); /*IE and NN6x styles*/ Accounting Dictionaries Exchange Rates History of Money ... What is Money? Peter Magnusson History of Money Peter Magnusson Roy Davies How Money Systems Work Transaction Net Financial Planning Kids Bank Soveriegn Bank DICTIONARIES Glossary Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Glossary: Federal Reserve Terms Glossary: Online Banking Bankrate QUIZZES Quiz money / Northwestern Mutual Quiz currency derivatives / South-Western College Quiz international currency / Yindii Quiz currency exchange / Ken Stewart Quiz Quiz Quiz Yindi Crossword Puzzle Andrei Grigoriev Word Scramble banking / Vera Mello PICTURES of MONEY Coins English-French Currency Dieter Gerhard Paper Money: U.S. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Paper Money: Worldwide Ronald Wise India geocities.com/athens/forum/9940 The EURO Game Eurokids Games Euro Changeover Board of Ireland The Euro multilingual / audio / BBC The Euro multilingual / euro.ecb.int The Euro multilingual / monnaiedeparis European Central Bank details / ecb.int

25. Historical American Currency Exhibit At The FRBSF Explore the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco's American currency Exhibit online and watch history come alive as you step back in time to our nation's beginning. Learn how our country's rich history is closely tied with our currency. http://www.frbsf.org/currency/index.html

Money, Money, Money Index Fun Facts About Money Money hasn't always looked like it does today. Explore the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco's American Currency Exhibit online and watch history come alive as you step back in time to our nation's beginning. Learn how our country's rich history is closely tied with our currency. Discover the role the Federal Reserve has playedand continues to playin that history. Select Tour Showcase of Bills to examine highlights from the collection. Select Tour Exhibit by Era to navigate through historical eras, beginning with the Colonial struggle for independence. Your mode of transportation through history ranges from the Colonial horse to the global economy's jet airplane. As you follow the transportation revolution and the evolution of American currency, you'll learn how these events not only reflect our history, but help shape it. So cinch up your saddle or fasten your seatbelt. We think you'll find a rich and fascinating story. After all, who doesn't like stories about money?

26. Indian Currency Collector Gives a brief account of the history of Indian Paper Money, guidelines on collecting Indian currency, and a select bibliography on references about Indian currency. http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/6139/

The Indian Currency Collection  Welcome to the FIRST site on the Web on Indian Currency. This site gives a pictorial account of the history of Indian Paper Money. Latest Publication Other Publication This book is a Standard Reference Guide, giving details of all Notes issued in India since 1770 up to April 2000, covering a history of 200 years. It classifies Indian Notes into 1500 categories with 763 illustrations in full color, giving details of Paper, Printer, Watermark, Size, Prefix, Signatories, etc. A current Price List is also included. This book traces the history of Indian Paper Money right from it’s inception in 1770 till the present times. It provides the reader with the historical perspective of evolution of Paper Money in India, along with details of the relevant historical, political and socio-economic developments in those eras. As a classification, Indian Paper Money can be grouped into the following categories: Notes issued by the early Private and Semi-Government Banks (up to 1861 AD), popularly called as Presidency Banks.

27. Web Site American Currency Exhibit Web site American currency Exhibit Web site from the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco's American currency Exhibit history of Money 15 Economics; 16 history; Federal Reserve Bank of San http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.frbsf.org/currency/&y=02C7EFB081

28. About OANDA Corporate history. Founded markets. OANDA began to develop, market and support Internetbased currency tools for consumers and businesses. http://www.oanda.com/site/oanda/com_index.shtml

home US . USD Australia . AUD Austria . ATS Belgium . BEF UK . GBP Canada . CAD Euro . EUR France . FRF Germany . DEM Hong Kong . HKD Indonesia . IDR Italy . ITL Japan . JPY Singapore . SGD Spain . ESP Sweden . SEK Switzerland . CHF Thailand . THB US . USD Australia . AUD Austria . ATS Belgium . BEF UK . GBP Canada . CAD Euro . EUR France . FRF Germany . DEM Hong Kong . HKD Indonesia . IDR Italy . ITL Japan . JPY Singapore . SGD Spain . ESP Sweden . SEK Switzerland . CHF Thailand . THB Full Currency Converter Get Currency Information For your Site. OANDA.com Corporate History Company Management Board of Directors Site Awards ... Client Comments Corporate History Founded in 1995 by economist Richard Olsen and Michael Stumm, OANDA was created as the Internet arm of About OANDA What We Offer OANDA has three lines of business based on its currency database. They include: Currency Conversion and Localization For individuals A destination for travelers and investors to find virtually everything there is to know about 164 global currencies. For the traveler, visitors can find current currency rates, simple conversions, forecasts, historical currency rates, as well as helpful tips and links for every travel need.

29. U.S. Bureau Of Engraving And Printing | New Money | The New Currency history of US currency. Colonial Notes 1690, The Massachusetts Bay Colony, one of the Thirteen Original Colonies, issued the first http://www.bep.treas.gov/newmoney/main.cfm/currency/history

History of U.S. Currency Choose a Language English Espa±ol Arabic Bulgarian Czech Danish Fran§ais Deutsch Italiano Kazak Polish Portuguªs Romanian T¼rk§e Ukrainian Uzbek Vietnamese History of U.S. Currency Colonial Notes The Massachusetts Bay Colony, one of the Thirteen Original Colonies, issued the first paper money to cover costs of military expeditions. The practice of issuing paper notes spread to the other Colonies. Franklin's Unique Counterfeit Deterrent Benjamin Franklin's printing firm in Philadelphia printed colonial notes with nature prints-unique raised impressions of patterns cast from actual leaves. This process added an innovative and effective counterfeit deterrent to notes, not completely understood until centuries later. British Ban Following years of restrictions on colonial paper currency, Britain finally ordered a complete ban on the issuance of paper money by the Colonies. Continental Currency The Continental Congress issued paper currency to finance the Revolutionary War. Continental currency was denominated in Spanish milled dollars. Without solid backing and easily counterfeited, the notes quickly lost their value, giving rise to the phrase “not worth a Continental.” The Bank of North America Congress chartered the Bank of North America in Philadelphia as the first national bank, creating it to support the financial operations of the fledgling government.

30. Bureau Of Engraving And Printing Bureau history The establishment of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing can be The official opening of the Western currency Facility took place on April 26 http://www.bep.treas.gov/document.cfm/18/101

Select Page U.S. Banknotes Anti-Counterfeiting Money Facts For Collectors Select Keyword CFO Report Collecting Counterfeiting eagle Features Federal Positions Job Kids Large Denomination Latin New Designs portraits Premium Products Public Tour Information star Star Note Strategic Plan Value Washington worth Bureau History The establishment of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing can be traced as far back as August 29, 1862, to a single room in the basement of the main Treasury building where two men and four women separated and sealed by hand $1 and $2 United States Notes which had been printed by private bank note companies. Today there are approximately 2,500 employees who work out of two buildings in Washington, D.C. and a new facility located in Fort Worth, Texas. The official opening of the Western Currency Facility took place on April 26, 1991. The youngest employee ever hired by the Bureau was Emma S. Brown, who came to work in 1865 when she was not quite 11 years old. Her family included an older brother and a physically-handicapped mother. The brother, who was the main support of the family, was a soldier with the 188th Pennsylvania Volunteers. He was killed in action during the siege of Petersburg in July 1864. Ms. Brown's Congressman, hearing of her situation, gave her a political appointment in the Bureau. After 59 years of service,, she retired on April 24, 1924 from the position of forewoman of the trimming section in the Bureau's examining division. In 1877, the Plate Printer force included a large number of experienced firemen who were formed into a Fire Brigade for the protection of Bureau property. The group drilled every Saturday.

31. FRBSF: A Brief History Of Currency (Annual Report) A brief hisotry of our nation's paper money Report A Brief history of Our Nation's Paper Money. Colonial and Continental currency. Free Banking Era hasn't always been so. American currency http://www.frbsf.org/publications/federalreserve/annual/1995/history.html

Home What's New Careers Glossary ... Publications 1995 Annual Report: A Brief History of Our Nation's Paper Money Colonial and Continental Currency Free Banking Era Civil War National Bank Act ... Did You Know? See also: The American Currency Exhibit Fun Facts About Money By Karen Flamme In our society today, money's value is measured by what it can buyits purchasing powernot by its material worth, but it hasn't always been so. American currency has spanned centuries of evolution and numerous transfigurations to reach the size and shape that we carry in our wallets today. It has been an evolutionary process which often came about in times of crisislike the Civil War or Great Depressionor to respond to demand as society struggled to put into place a monetary system that would function smoothly and inspire confidence. This development process is ongoing and continues even now as redesigned currency is issued in 1996. But the legacy of the process is a rich heritage of United States currency that gives us a fascinating, colorful, and reflective glimpse into the growth of our nation.

32. Currency Calculator graph the past history of these two currencies popup a simple math calculator see a value in all currencies. currency. . American Dollar . Argentine Peso . http://www.x-rates.com/calculator.html

var currency = new Array("USD","AUD","BWP","BRL","GBP","CAD","CNY","DKK","EUR","HKD","HUF","INR","JPY","MYR","MXN","NZD","NOK","SGD","ZAR","KRW","LKR","SEK","CHF","TWD","THB","VEB"); var country = new Array("US","AU","BW","BR","GB","CA","CN","DK","EU","HK","HU","IN","JP","MY","MX","NZ","NO","SG","ZA","KR","LK","SE","CH","TW","TH","VE"); var rate = new Array("1","1.41985","4.76985","3.116","0.543892","1.345","8.2767","6.0364","0.811688","7.7953","204.89","45.1","109.61","3.8","11.344","1.58781","6.6507","1.7035","6.485","1160","99.85","7.4123","1.2371","33.46","40.55","1920"); var fromFlag = new Array(0,4,1,8,17,12); var toFlag = new Array(8,4,12,11,1,17); Menu Currency Calculator Custom Table Historic Lookup Currency Photos ... Home FXCM Education What moves rates? Learn to trade Currency Forecasts Forex Market News ... FX Power Course Currency Trading Free Demo Account Mini Trading Acct King of Mini Contest About FXCM More Links Euro Information Bookmark help Frequent questions Feedback ... Terms of Service convert American Dollar Australian Dollar Botswana Pula Brazilian Real British Pound Canadian Dollar Chinese Yuan Danish Krone Euro Hong Kong Dollar Hungarian Forint Indian Rupee Japanese Yen Malaysian Ringgit Mexican Peso New Zealand Dollar Norwegian Kroner Singapore Dollar South African Rand South Korean Won Sri Lanka Rupee Swedish Krona Swiss Franc Taiwan Dollar Thai Baht Venezuelan Bolivar into American Dollar Australian Dollar Botswana Pula Brazilian Real British Pound Canadian Dollar Chinese Yuan Danish Krone Euro Hong Kong Dollar Hungarian Forint

33. American Currency Exhibit: Historical Context: Civil War history. Just as the Revolutionary War prompted the Continental Congress to issue paper currency, the financing of the Civil War provided the catalyst for the http://www.frbsf.org/currency/civilwar/history/text1.html

History Just as the Revolutionary War prompted the Continental Congress to issue paper currency, the financing of the Civil War provided the catalyst for the continuing evolution of U.S. currency. In 1861, the U.S. Treasury issued its first paper currency since the ContinentalsDemand notes. They were printed in $5, $10, and $20 denominations, redeemable in coin on demand. Demand notes were also called "greenbacks" because their reverse sides were printed in green ink. Although Demand notes were no longer printed after 1862, they're still valid today, redeemable in current cash at face value. Demand notes were replaced by Legal Tender notes, which were issued in denominations ranging from $1 to $10,000. To save metals during the Civil War, Legal Tender notes were originally backed by faith in the government, rather than gold or silver. In 1879, the U.S. Treasury began redeeming Legal Tender notes for coin. They were issued until 1966 and are still redeemable today at face value. Lack of confidence in paper money resulting from the Free Banking Era and the Civil War inspired the creation of Interest- bearing notes, issued from 1861 through 1865. The interest paid on these notes provided the incentive for citizens to hold the currency and also helped to finance the final years of the Civil War.

34. Historical American Currency Exhibit At The FRBSF Explore the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco s American currency Exhibit online and watch history come alive as you step back in time to our nation s http://www.frbsf.org/currency/

Money, Money, Money Index Fun Facts About Money Money hasn't always looked like it does today. Explore the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco's American Currency Exhibit online and watch history come alive as you step back in time to our nation's beginning. Learn how our country's rich history is closely tied with our currency. Discover the role the Federal Reserve has playedand continues to playin that history. Select Tour Showcase of Bills to examine highlights from the collection. Select Tour Exhibit by Era to navigate through historical eras, beginning with the Colonial struggle for independence. Your mode of transportation through history ranges from the Colonial horse to the global economy's jet airplane. As you follow the transportation revolution and the evolution of American currency, you'll learn how these events not only reflect our history, but help shape it. So cinch up your saddle or fasten your seatbelt. We think you'll find a rich and fascinating story. After all, who doesn't like stories about money?

35. English Currency coins may carry the same name throughout many periods of this history, they often As long as currency was based on the value of silver, the basic monetary unit http://www.bignell.uk.com/english_currency.htm

English Currency 959-2000 Introduction These pages give a list of officially issued denominations of coins and banknotes. They concentrate on denominations and do not attempt to detail the actual coins issued. For convenience, I have started with a new issue of coins in the reign of Eadgar in 959. Most questions about 'English' money relate to the pre-decimalisation 20th century money. For details of that, go to the page entitled Up to decimalisation. For most of the period, the weight or silver of gold contained in the coin determined what the value of the coin was. Coins were not made of pure silver or pure gold, but were always alloyed with another metal to improve their ability to withstand wear. The amount of silver or gold contained in the alloy is known as the fineness. Although coins may carry the same name throughout many periods of this history, they often varied widely in size, weight and, less often, fineness. Coins could also change value during their lifetime as the value of the metal in them became greater than their face value. As long as currency was based on the value of silver, the basic monetary unit was the penny. Because that was a rather small unit the Mark (160 pence) and later the pound (240 pence) were used for accounting purposes, although no Mark coin was issued and there was no Pound coin before 1489. The Shilling was also introduced at this time as a coin, then called a Testoon. The relationship between the Pound, the Shilling, and the Penny is:

36. Money In North American History Although America has officially enjoyed a single currency since 1790 it has not yet achieved a single banking market. It is one of history s exquisite ironies http://www.ex.ac.uk/~RDavies/arian/northamerica.html

Money in North American History From Wampum to Electronic Funds Transfer See also Money in Fiction Financial Scandals How did the United States develop into the world's richest and most powerful nation from an inauspicious beginning as a collection of colonies where currency was in such chronically short supply that all sorts of substitutes, e.g. tobacco and wampum, had to be used as money? Apart from its intrinsic interest, history can often shed light on current political controversies. Many political disputes revolve around questions of economics and of all the matters that fall under the purview of economic history there is one that has had, and still has, a profound impact on many aspects of everyone's daily life, and that is money. This essay is based on a book on monetary history by Glyn Davies which contains a considerable amount of material on the financial development of the United States. The reference is: Davies, Glyn. A history of money from ancient times to the present day, 3rd ed. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2002. 720 pages. Paperback: ISBN 7083 1717 0.

37. Current Value Of Old Money Davies, Glyn in his A history of money from ancient times to the present day expect to earn at least £200 a day, worth in today s inflated currency some 25,000 http://www.ex.ac.uk/~RDavies/arian/current/howmuch.html

Current Value of Old Money See also History of money Money in fiction Financial scandals Changes in the Value of Money over time Historical Background A frequent question is "how much would a specified amount of money at a certain period of time be worth today?" The sources listed below are useful in attempting to answer this question. Comparisons of purchasing power are only reliable over short periods. A typical computer in 2004 is a very different machine from its counterpart of 5 years ago. Indices of inflation fail to take proper account of improvements in quality Even in the essentials of life there are significant changes over the years. A typical diet in most advanced countries will be rather different today from what it would have been before the refrigerator became a common household item. Therefore over long time spans, changes in prices give only the very roughest and most approximate idea of changes in the value of money. For a narrative account of monetary history since the dawn of civilisation onwards see A History of Money from Ancient Times to the Present Day by Glyn Davies The web site based on the book includes an extensive annotated chronology as well as some essays based on themes from the book.

38. Ministry Of Finance history, legislation, and currency statistics. http://www.finance.gov.bn/bcb/bcb_index.htm

INTRODUCTION The Brunei Currency Board (BCB) was established by the 1967 Currency Act in Chapter 32 of the Laws of Brunei. As stipulated in Section 9(1) of the Act, it has the sole right to manage and issue currency notes and coins in Brunei Darussalam. The currency issued by the Board is designated by Section 13 of the Act to serve as legal tender within the State. Brunei Darussalam commenced issuance of its own currency on 12th June 1967. Prior to this date, The Board of Commissioners of Currency which was reconstituted under the Malaya British Borneo Currency Agreement 1960, was the sole currency issuing authority in Malaysia, the Republic of Singapore and Brunei Darussalam, which was then known as the State of Brunei. Under the provision of the 1960 Currency Agreement, the effect of the lodgment of notice on 12th December 1964, by the Government of Malaysia to replace the Board by Bank Negara Malaysia as the sole currency issuing authority in Malaysia was that the Board would have to relinquish its powers to issue currency notes not later than 11th December 1966, and coins a year later. However, on 5th August 1966, the Participating Governments of Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei, signed an agreement to amend clause 18(a) of the Currency Agreement to allow the Board to continue to issue currency for the three countries for a further period of six months until 11th June 1967.

39. ThinkQuest : Library : Money Elementary school students tell about the history of money in the United States and share fun facts about U.S. currency. http://library.thinkquest.org/J003358F/

Index Money Our site is about the history of money in the United States. There are fun facts that you may not know about U.S. currency, links to government sites, including the United States Secret Service. We have also included a scavenger hunt and links to two fun games by the U.S. Bureau of engraving and printing. Visit Site 2000 ThinkQuest USA Want to build a ThinkQuest site? The ThinkQuest site above is one of thousands of educational web sites built by students from around the world. Click here to learn how you can build a ThinkQuest site. Privacy Policy

40. Greek Currency - History Of The Greek Coins (by Dimitris Mastorakis) Home » Greek currency » history of Greek coins. history of Greek coins. G reece in her long glorius history has undergone and endured many tribulations. http://www.fleur-de-coin.com/currency/greekcoinshistory.asp?sec=4

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