81. Outlook For The Euro By Jonathan Davidson The launch of the euro was greeted as a transition to Economic and Monetary Union (emu), particularly in the ingredient in the value of a currency, and there http://www.unc.edu/depts/eucenter/disc_fora98-9/davidsondisc9901.html

t o join the discussion on this topic, click HERE to view the new Euro notes and coins, click HERE Outlook for the Euro Remarks for the website discussion forum EU Center in North Carolina Jonathan Davidson January 18, 1999 “Failure not an Option” The launch of the euro was greeted as a spectacular success by the media. It was indeed relatively free of technical glitches. Though a relief, this was not a surprise to European policymakers, who worked hard for years to ensure a smooth transition to Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), particularly in the critical first days. Since confidence is an important ingredient in the value of a currency, and there are obvious risks in embarking on something as historic and adventurous as a single currency among eleven countries, it was vital to ensure that the launch was trouble free. The transition from eleven familiar currencies to the new unfamiliar one had to be smooth. Imagine how the controllers at Cape Canaveral feel each time they send a shuttle crew into orbit, and you get an idea of the feelings of the architects of the euro at their lift-off. In the words of Ed Harris in Apollo XIII, “failure is not an option." Some Advantages The advantages have been much trumpeted so I won't rehearse them in detail: the elimination of exchange rate risk and the removal of foreign exchange costs within euroland;

82. The Euro: Our Currency The euro Our currency. Welcome to the european Union’s website on the euro, europe’s single currency. The euro is the currency http://europa.eu.int/euro/

The Euro: Our Currency Welcome to the European Union’s website on the euro, Europe’s single currency. The euro is the currency of twelve European Union countries: Belgium, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal and Finland. Find out more about Europe's currency

83. BBC NEWS | Events | The Launch Of EMU | Euro Home You are in Events The launch of emu euro home. News Front Page, World, UK, England, N Ireland, Scotland, Wales, UK Politics, Business, Entertainment, Science/Nature, http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/events/the_launch_of_emu/euro_home/default.stm

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH You are in: Events: The launch of EMU: Euro home News Front Page ... Programmes SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobile/PDAs Text Only ... Help EDITIONS Change to World Sunday, 21 July, 2002, 16:13 GMT 17:13 UK Euro home 3 do not remove Euro home 3 do not remove Euro home 2 do not remove Euro home 2 do not remove Back to top News Front Page World UK ... Privacy

84. Britain And European Monetary Union Union, Pepin, mints, EEC, Danegeld, currencies, books, history Statute of Grateley, pound sterling, euro, books, sovereignty, essays, emu, Glyn Davis. http://www.ex.ac.uk/~RDavies/arian/emu.html

Britain and European Monetary Union See also Money in Fiction Financial Scandals What are the prospects for European Monetary Union and why, when other countries were clamouring to be in at the start of the Euro , is Britain so reluctant to participate? Perhaps the best way to judge is to study the lessons of history and how the British experience differs from that of most other countries in Europe since, for good or ill, a nation's past inevitably influences its attitude to the present and the future. The Long History of the Pound Sterling Whereas France had a single national currency for a brief period during the reigns of Pepin and Charlemagne, England has enjoyed a relatively stable single national currency with an unbroken history of over 900 years, and the origins of the pound Sterling go back even further still. The Viking invasions and the need to pay Danegeld or to pay for defence caused an enormous increase in the production of coins in England. Athelstan had no fewer than 30 mints in operation and in order to keep control of them all the Statute of Greatley was passed in 928, stating that there was to be only one single type of money or currency in England, and ever since there has been just one. This was many centuries before the history of the currencies now used in other major European countries started.

85. Euro And EMU Free Information! CLICK HERE FOR FREE DOMAINS. http://www.euro-emu.net/

CLICK HERE FOR FREE DOMAINS CLICK HERE FOR FREE DOMAINS

86. Economic And Monetary Union (EMU): Timetable 1998-2002 1, Jan, 1999, Conversion rates are irrevocably fixed between the currencies of countries participating in emu, and between these currencies and the euro. http://www.instantaccess.co.uk/infozone/emutimetable.htm

Document Index Info Zone EXIT For free advice article about how to pass your job interview and an opportunity to purchase this best-seller e-book at one-third off, click Tricky Job Interview Questions and Answers: How to Handle Interviews and Get the Job You Want, by top occupational psychologist Peter Gerstmann Economic and Monetary Union (EMU): Timetable 1998-2002 E conomic and Monetary Union (EMU) started in January 1999. The European Commission recommended that there should be eleven countries in the "first wave" - Germany, France, Austria, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Finland, and Ireland. The UK, Sweden, Denmark and Greece will not be joining in 1999. Economic and Monetary Union (EMU): Timetable 1998-2002 Feb EU governments publish key data on fiscal deficits and debt. Mar European Council of Finance Ministers (EcoFin) meeting. Mar The European Monetary Institute (EMI) and the European Commission publish separate reports on economic convergence judged within the framework of the Maastricht Treaty's criteria. Mar The Bundesbank publishes a convergence report.

87. Euro Conversion Rates For Currencies Participating In EMU euro conversion rates for currencies participating in emu. Belgian franc 40.3399, Deutsche Mark 1.95583. Greek drachma 340.750, Spanish peseta 166.386. http://titan.iwu.edu/~dmendez/EURO/conversion_rates.htm

Euro conversion rates for currencies participating in EMU. Belgian franc Deutsche Mark Greek drachma Spanish peseta French franc Irish pound Italian lira Luxembourg franc Dutch guilder Austrian schilling Portuguese escudo Finnish markka You can use a currency converter for your transactions. All currencies not participating in EMU will be exchanged at the prevailing daily exchange rate Back to Index

88. Introducing The Euro Insead Alumni Association Monaco Ricketts Europe EMU Euroco european monetary union, an introduction to the euro by Martin Ricketts, 1996, history, technical aspects, schedules, and consequences. http://euro.pearl-online.com/English/index_gb.html

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