1. Transaction Net: Complementary Community Currency Systems Complementary Community currency systems and Local Exchange Networks Agreement on a New Economy presents articles on sustainable economics. Local monetary Reform Do It Yourself! http://www.transaction.net/money/community

How Money Systems Work Publications Payment Methods Glossary of Terms ... The Money Conference Currency Systems Backed Currencies Ithaca HOURS LETS National Currencies ... Time Dollars Complementary Currencies Complementary Community Currency Systems and Local Exchange Networks Benefits How Issued Unit of Account Exchange Rate ... Interact Benefits How Issued Unit of Account Exchange Rate Incentives ... Interact Benefits of complementary currency models: When a full spectrum of currencies are available, people will complete more transactions, enabling more people to meet their needs and create trading relationships. Backed currencies such as e-gold can be issued (or barter exchanges completed) by whoever owns a commodity or service. These systems thus do not require a central authority to guarantee the currency and manage its supply. Money created as mutual credit (like LETS ROCS , and Time Dollars ), as well as fiat money that does not bear interest (such as Ithaca HOURS ) is in sufficient supply , thus encouraging cooperation among participants. Demurrage currencies also discourage hoarding and encourage longer-term planning and sustainable investment.

2. Euro Conversion FAQ For I.T. Systems, Euro Currency, Euro Archive This site describes EMU, strategies, euro compliance specification, techniques, tips, traps, workarounds, cloning, big bang, wrappers, wrapping, encapsulation, bridges, bridging, conversion systems Modelling Ltd. Euro/IT FAQ Questions answered on EMU, economics, and the euro and web be used. monetary amounts to be converted from one national currency unit into http://www.sysmod.com/eurofaq.htm

Systems Modelling Ltd. Euro/IT FAQ Home Consulting Book List Euro Index ... Traduisez / Übersetzen / Tradurre / Traduza / Traduzca Related Pages: BASDA Accreditation Euro Certification Euro Workshop Euro documents ... Euro software [ Euro/IT FAQ ] EMU/euro FAQ Euro web links National euro info E-Day 2002 ... Euro Articles Sections on this page: FAQ Mail list Rounding Triangulation ... Case Studies Euro conversion FAQ Answers to Frequently Asked Questions on the euro currency and the impact of the euro changeover on Information Technology. This page is maintained by Patrick O'Beirne of sysmod.com , author of the book+CD " Managing the Euro in Information Systems : Strategies for success" (The revision history of this document is at the bottom) Last update: May 2004, removing dead links. Patrick O'Beirne also provides consulting services in spreadsheet model design, review, audit, and testing. Other euro-related pages in this web site EMU Index the general euro index page with a list of recommended books on the Euro Euro Calculator to convert currencies, Javascript by Pim van Mun Euro FAQ - this answers questions on the technological challenges of euro transition Euro Software links : symbol, converters, calculators

3. Your Search: processing requests Google Directory Society Organizations Local currency systems Local Currencies Local monetary Reform Do It Yourself Social Science economics currency Local currency systems. Local currency systems Directory Social Science economics http://www.i-une.com/cgi-bin/meta/search.cgi?lang=en&keywords=Local Currency

4. Alternative Monetary Systems Currency And Money Financial Economics Economics Ec economics. Most comprehensive resource on economics Financial economics currency And Money Alternative monetary systems. Show economics http://economics.designerz.com/economics-financial-economics-currency-and-money-

Map.Designerz.com eBusiness Now Economics News Economics Chat ... Mailing List document.write(' '); Economics Financial Economics Currency and Money Alternative Monetary Systems ... Economics Chat Channels Visited Clear Featured Links Web Hosting Domain Names Designerz Portals Store Sign up for our mailing list ... Economics A comprehensive resource on Economics Financial Economics Currency And Money Alternative Monetary Systems Show Economics (Economics Financial Economics Currency And Money Alternative Monetary Systems) content on your web site Reach Economics (Economics Financial Economics Currency And Money Alternative Monetary Systems) Audience Save on Economics Financial Economics Currency And Money Alternative Monetary Systems books, magazines and software See which Economics Financial Economics Currency And Money Alternative Monetary Systems domain names are available Search Economics Financial Economics Currency And Money Alternative Monetary Systems on other search engines Press Releases, Stories and Articles on Economics Financial Economics Currency And Money Alternative Monetary Systems View all press releases Submit your press release View all articles Submit your article Featured Results (opens in a new window) Barter Links to sources of information on barter and a brief account of its history and contemporary relevance.

5. Monetary History, The Present & Future Of Money Informal Credit systems Alternative monetary systems in an The Internet and economics The information economy. including personal finance, currency codes and http://www.ex.ac.uk/~RDavies/arian/money.html

Information on Monetary History, Contemporary Developments, and Electronic Money Monetary History History of Money from Ancient Times to the Present Day An annotated chronology and essays on various topics based on the standard work on the subject by Glyn Davies Current Value of Old Money Information about changes in the value of money over the centuries. The Origins of the term "Dollar" and the Dollar Sign An outline of their history and the use of the name in various countries. Other Sources on Monetary History A collection of links. Forms of Money Numismatics Coins and paper money - traditional, everyday cash. (Links) E-money Electronic money, the money of the future? Also includes an FAQ. (Links) Who's Who in Bowie Bonds Politics of Money The Euro - Europe's single common currency The greatest financial experiment in history - monetary union, its progress and prospects.

6. Alternative Monetary Systems @ Www.Sweden.org Categories related to Science Social Sciences economics Financial economics currency and Money Alternative monetary systems Business Financial Services http://www.sweden.org/Science/Social_Sciences/Economics/Financial_Economics/Curr

Home Financial Economics Currency and Money : Alternative Monetary Systems (24) Subdirectories of Alternative Monetary Systems: Social Credit Website related to Alternative Monetary Systems: Barter Links to sources of information on barter and a brief account of its history and contemporary relevance. e-gold Electronic currencies backed by gold, silver, platinum and palladium. Payment system allows transfer of small quantities of metal; site also has extensive statistics on holdings and transactions. International Journal of Community Currency Research Online journal for the emerging community currency field. James Gibb Stuart Author of books on monetary reform offers writings and musings. Local and Interest-Free Currencies, Social Credit and Informal Credit Systems Links to information sources on LETS, local community currencies, interest free money, social credit, and alternative monetary systems. Money Team - Alternative Money Systems This NCN Alternative Money System team was created to collect information on what schemes already exist, to discuss the prospects of doing away with money systems and using a resource-based system instead, and ways of financing new civilization projects, implementing experimental and schemes. National Organization for the Repeal of the Federal Reserve Act A national organization for the repeal of the federal reserve act and the internal revenue code. Also issues Liberty Dollars, which are redeemable in precious metal.

7. Jeff Frieden's Homepage The Euro as an International currency. In The The Dynamics of International monetary systems International and gif (155 bytes) The economics of Intervention http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~jfrieden/

Jeffry A. Frieden Department of Government Harvard University 1033 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 jfrieden@harvard.edu I am a Professor at Harvard University's Department of Government , a division of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences . My teaching and research focus on the politics of international monetary and financial relations. TABLE OF CONTENTS: My curriculum vitae Current and past course syllabi (SCROLL DOWN) Downloadable PDF files and links to of some of my recently published articles working papers ... and miscellaneous works (additional articles, reviews, etc.) List of my recent books for sale via publishers' pages (and the links to get you there) Links to other departments, publications, course pages, and recommended sites COURSES: Government 1780: International Political Economy (Spring 2004) Reading list (pdf) Government 1780 Homepage Historical Studies A-51: The Modern World Economy, 1870-2000 (Fall 2003) Reading list (pdf) Reading list (html) Historical Studies A-51 Homepage Government 2158: Political Institutions and Economic Policy (Fall 2002) Reading list (pdf) Reading list (html) Government 2158 Homepage Government 2720: The Politics of International Monetary and Financial Relations (Fall 2003): Reading list (pdf) Government 3007: Research Workshop in Political Economy (Fall 2003-Spring 2004) Government 3007 Homepage RECENT ARTICLES: "Real Sources of European Currency Policy: Sectoral Interests and European Monetary Integration"

8. :: Ez2Find :: Alternative Monetary Systems ez2Find Home Directory Science Social Sciences economics Financial economics currency and Money Alternative monetary systems (9) http://ez2find.com/cgi-bin/directory/meta/search.pl/Science/Social_Sciences/Econ

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10. Science - Social Sciences - Economics - Financial Economics Top Science Social Sciences economics Financial economics currency and Money Alternative monetary systems Distributism@ (9 http://www.sedirectory.net/Science/Social_Sciences/Economics/Financial_Economics

Web Hosting Dir Web Design Dir Search Engine Dir Hardware Info ... Resources Search: Top Science Social Sciences Economics ... Social Credit See also: Business: Financial Services: Banking Services: Electronic Cash Business: International Business and Trade: Barter Society: Politics: Socialism Barter - Links to sources of information on barter and a brief account of its history and contemporary relevance. e-gold - Electronic currencies backed by gold, silver, platinum and palladium. Payment system allows transfer of small quantities of metal; site also has extensive statistics on holdings and transactions. International Journal of Community Currency Research - Online journal for the emerging community currency field. James Gibb Stuart - Author of books on monetary reform offers writings and musings. Local and Interest-Free Currencies, Social Credit and Informal Credit Systems - Links to information sources on LETS, local community currencies, interest free money, social credit, and alternative monetary systems. Money Team - Alternative Money Systems - This NCN Alternative Money System team was created to collect information on what schemes already exist, to discuss the prospects of doing away with money systems and using a resource-based system instead, and ways of financing new civilization projects, implementing experimental and schemes.

11. Rpe Table Of Contents systems African currency Problems. In Africa and monetary Integration (ed. R. Tremblay). Montreal Les Editions HRW. 1972 363368. 3. Supply-Side economics, http://www.columbia.edu/~ram15/rpetoc.html

Homepage Recent Policy Essays 1. The International Monetary System "The International Monetary System in the 21st Century: Could Gold Make a Comeback?" Center for Economic Policy Studies, St. Vincent College, Latrobe, PA. 1997 (Booklet). "The European Monetary System 50 Years after Bretton Woods: A Comparison Between Two Systems." Siena: Monte dei Paschi di Siena. 1997. "Jacques Rueff and the International Monetary System" The Future of the Exchange Rate System," Economic Notes 26, no. 3, 1995: 35-66. "Exchange Rate Systems and Economic Growth." Rivista di Politica Economica 85, no. 6 (June 1995): "Prospects for the International Monetary System." Geneva: World Gold Council. 1994. "International Monetary Options," The Cato Journal, vol. 3, no. 1, (Spring: 1983) 189-210 "The Future of the International Financial System," in Bretton Woods Revisited (eds. A. Acheson, J. Chant, M. Prachowny) Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1972. 91-104 2. National Policy Choices "Mexico: Requiem for a Crisis." Paper presented at the Bildner Center, CCNY, New York. "Stabilization and Liberalization Policies in Semi-Open Economies."

12. Currency Areas, Exchange Rate Systems And International Monetary Reform Areas, Exchange Rate systems and International rules; financial integration; world currency. Macroeconomics and monetary economics - monetary Policy, Central http://ideas.repec.org/a/cem/jaecon/v3y2000n2p217-256.html

This file is part of IDEAS , which uses RePEc data Papers Articles Software Books ... Help! Currency Areas, Exchange Rate Systems and International Monetary Reform Author info Abstract Publisher info Download info ... Statistics Author Info Robert Mundell liame2('edu','columbia','m7i7','ram15') Columbia University Additional information is available for the following registered author(s): Robert Mundell Abstract I. Introduction II. The Pre-Eminence of the Dollar III. The Fate of the Gold Standard IV. Currency Areas and Currency Unions V. The Importance of Monetary Rules VI. Monetary Arrangements in Free Trade Areas and Customs Unions VII. Central Banks, Dollarization and the Maastricht Conditions VIII. Exchange Rate Volatility and Internal vs. External Stability IX. Towards a World Currency Download Info To download: If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. Information about this may be contained in the File-Format links below. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help file . Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.

13. PKT: Aug97 : Re-monetary Systems And Rationality The outrage should be that the monetary system was used to force an undesirable transfer of real resources? See Soft currency economics Full Employment http://csf.colorado.edu/forums/pkt/aug97/0055.html

re-monetary systems and rationality Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Next message: Derek Sicklen: "Minimum Wages" Previous message: Harry Veeder: "Re: 19th c deflation" Tue, 05 Aug 1997 21:52:16 -0400 Warren Mosler mosler@gate.net Do we all agree that there would be no unemployment as we know it in a non-monetary society? "Full Employment AND Price Stability" begins with the quote from Paul Davidson indicating, I believe, that this is the case, and, therefore, unemployment as we know it is a monetary phenomena. I don't think the general public begins with the notion that the lines of unemployed are a by-product of the operation of the monetary system. They think there is 'natural' unemployment that is either the fault of the unemployed, or perhaps a necessary element of a competitive system. Recognizing that it is the monetary system that drives people from private sector employment to the unemployment line in the first place may be element missing in getting more popular support for elr?

14. PKT Message, Re-monetary Systems And Rationality The outrage should be that the monetary system was used to force an Director of Economic Analysis III Finance See Soft currency economics Full Employment http://archives.econ.utah.edu/archives/pkt/1997m08-b/msg00034.htm

PKT mailing list archive Other Periods Other mailing lists Search Date: [ Previous Next ] Thread: [ Previous Next ] Index: [ Author Date Thread re-monetary systems and rationality To : " " < Subject : re-monetary systems and rationality From mosler@xxxxxxxx Date : Tue, 05 Aug 1997 21:52:16 -0400 http://www.warrenmosler.com Prev by Date: Re: 19th c deflation Next by Date: Minimum Wages Previous by thread: Hayek on the success and failure of economic science. Next by thread: re-monetary systems and rationality Index(es): Date Thread Thread context: Minimum Wages , Derek Sicklen Wed 06 Aug 1997, 03:36 GMT Re: Minimum Wages , Max B. Sawicky Wed 06 Aug 1997, 09:37 GMT Re: Minimum Wages , Derek Sicklen Thu 07 Aug 1997, 00:30 GMT Re: Minimum Wages , Max B. Sawicky Thu 07 Aug 1997, 14:53 GMT re-monetary systems and rationality , Warren Mosler Wed 06 Aug 1997, 01:52 GMT re-monetary systems and rationality , John Vertegaal Thu 07 Aug 1997, 15:17 GMT Hayek on the success and failure of economic science. , Harry Veeder Tue 05 Aug 1997, 16:23 GMT Re: 1996 U.S. personal saving rate 4.3%

15. PKT Message, Monetary Systems And Rationality monetary systems and rationality. To POSTKEYNESIAN THOUGHT pkt@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ; Subject monetary systems and rationality; Soft currency economics, also on http://archives.econ.utah.edu/archives/pkt/1997m11-a/msg00016.htm

PKT mailing list archive Other Periods Other mailing lists Search Date: [ Previous Next ] Thread: [ Previous Next ] Index: [ Author Date Thread monetary systems and rationality To Subject : monetary systems and rationality From Date : Sat, 1 Nov 1997 13:43:21 -0800 (PST) Prev by Date: Re: Militia propaganda / Request For Suggested Venues Next by Date: Re: Censorship -Reply -Reply Previous by thread: Censorship Next by thread: Re: davidson and other pk authors Index(es): Date Thread Thread context: SE Asia, Japan, Deflation: PKT Opportunity at Last? , John Gelles Sun 02 Nov 1997, 00:05 GMT Re: davidson and other pk authors , rholt Sat 01 Nov 1997, 23:05 GMT monetary systems and rationality , John Vertegaal Sat 01 Nov 1997, 21:43 GMT Censorship , Mason A. Clark Sat 01 Nov 1997, 20:10 GMT Censorship -Reply , Ric Holt Sat 01 Nov 1997, 20:43 GMT Re: Censorship -Reply , Doug Henwood Sat 01 Nov 1997, 20:51 GMT Re: Censorship -Reply -Reply , Ric Holt Sat 01 Nov 1997, 21:49 GMT Other Periods Other mailing lists Search

16. Wauu.DE: Society: Issues: Economic: Money Supply and measures and argues against fiat monetary systems. Friedman that evaluates the monetary alternatives that norfed.org. Soft currency economics Describes a http://www.wauu.de/Society/Issues/Economic/Money_Supply/

Home Society Issues Economic : Money Supply Search DMOZ-Verzeichnis: All Categories Categories Onlye Links: American Monetary Institute A foundation dedicated to the study of monetary history, monetary theory and monetary reform. http://www.monetary.org/ Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System The "Fed" is the central bank of the United States and controls the money supply. http://www.federalreserve.gov/ Federal Reserve Board Speech from 09/05/97 Alan Greenspan, America's foremost central planner, on money supply and inflation. http://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/speeches/19970905.htm Foundation for the Advancement of Monetary Education A non-profit group that advocates honest monetary weights and measures and argues against fiat monetary systems. http://www.fame.org Gold, Paper, or...: Is There a Better Money? Policy Analysis from the Cato Institute by David Friedman that evaluates the monetary alternatives that face all societies. http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa017es.html Grandfather Inflation Report - by MWHodges Inflation - who says it's dead? 86% erosion of purchasing power - and continuing - a dollar in 1950 will buy only 14 cents worth of goods today, 86% less than before. http://home.att.net/~mwhodges/inflation.htm

17. Your Search: processing requests Google Directory Science Social Sciences economics Financia in Alternative monetary systems Search the Web Alternative monetary systems Science Social Sciences http://www.i-une.com/cgi-bin/meta/search.cgi?lang=en&keywords=Alternative Mo

18. Money: What It Is, How It Works Another View of Money and Credit, 1/31/00. Creditary economics, 4/12/01. Greenspan on currency Reserves, 7/18/03. The Australian monetary System, 11/29/99. http://wfhummel.cnchost.com/

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING MONEY MORE TO THINK ABOUT POLICY ISSUES ... YOUR HOST TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE Updated Javascript must be enabled for these quizzes U.S. Currency Quiz Money and Banking Quiz Government Finance Quiz Long Term Investing Quiz ... Review of Quizzes and Answers UNDERSTANDING MONEY Money Basics Fractional Reserve Banking The Money Supply The Big Picture ... Some Common Misconceptions MORE TO THINK ABOUT Seigniorage Money and Credit Money and Inflation Money in Motion ... Commodity vs Fiat Money, A Unified View new Money in a Cashless System Monetizing the Gold Stock Saving and Investment Direct vs Indirect Lending ... Y2K and Bank Reserves POLICY ISSUES Formulating Monetary Policy Open Market Operations Formulating Fiscal Policy Dollar Policy and the Trade Deficit ... Dollarization GOVERNMENT FINANCE Money, Taxes, and Government Debt Managing Treasury Flow of Funds Tax or Borrow? A Closer Look at the Monetary Base ... National Debt and Wealth Transfer REVIEWS AND QUOTES Another View of Money and Credit Creditary Economics Minsky's Analysis of Capitalism A Lesson in Modern Capitalism ... Suggested Reading ON INVESTING A Sleep Well Portfolio Bonds and the Long Term Investor Stocks vs Bonds Inflaton-Indexed Treasury Notes ... Market Timing FUN ZONE Quiz for Executive Ability Design Principles The Thermodynamics of Hell Please Send the Money ... A Few Poems EXTERNAL LINKS Background Information Financial Data - Current and Historical Personal Websites YOUR HOST Unless otherwise noted, the articles on these pages

19. Currency Areas, Exchange Rate Systems And International Monetary Reform - Robert Homepage of Robert Mundell, Columbia University the Gold Standard. currency Areas and currency Unions http://www.columbia.edu/~ram15/cema2000.html

Currency Areas, Exchange Rate Systems and International Monetary Reform Robert Mundell C. Lowell Harriss Professor of Economics Columbia University Introduction The Pre-Eminence of the Dollar The Fate of the Gold Standard Currency Areas and Currency Unions ... References Paper delivered at Universidad del CEMA, Buenos Aires, Argentina, on April 17, 2000 1. Introduction Charles Rist, French economist and central banker, once said that "democracy killed the gold standard." A nice phrase he was a very good economist. What I think he meant was that democracy results in an increase in social demands and redistribution programs that governments have to supply or else be ejected at the next election. In the effort to finance the new programs governments raise taxes to the limit and then engage in borrowing and deficit financing from the central bank, leading to a breakdown of convertibility and the collapse of the gold standard. The gold standard will no longer act as the "Golden Brake." Rist's idea was very prophetic, but I think it does not provide the right clue as to what destroyed the gold standard. We have to look elsewhere. Strong currencies are the children of empires and great powers. The dollar became the greatest currency of the 20

20. Finance & Development, December 1998 - Are Currency Boards A Cure For All Moneta By Charles Enoch and AnneMarie Gulde - currency board arrangements may be coming back into fashion. What recent successes have countries had with currency boards and in what circumstances are currency board arrangements, under which domestic currency can be skills in monetary management. Instead, currency boards were seen that have weak banking systems or are prone to http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1998/12/enoch.htm

Advanced Search Subscribe Back Issues Write Us Use the free Adobe Acrobat Reader to view a pdf file of this article E-Mail Notification Subscribe or Modify your subscription A quarterly magazine of the IMF December 1998, Volume 35, Number 4 Are Currency Boards a Cure for All Monetary Problems? Charles Enoch and Anne-Marie Gulde Currency board arrangements may be coming back into fashion. What recent successes have countries had with currency boards and in what circumstances are they most likely to be effective? Currency board arrangements, under which domestic currency can be issued only to the extent that it is fully covered by the central bank's holdings of foreign exchange, were long generally dismissed as throwbacks to the colonial era. (See box for an explanation of what currency boards are and how they work.) It was argued that such a rigid, rule-based arrangement was not well suited to diversified economies in many of which the authorities had developed sophisticated skills in monetary management. Instead, currency boards were seen as desirable and, indeed, workable only in very special circumstances, such as the small, open economies of city-states and small islands. In 1960, 38 countries or territories were operating under a currency board. By 1970, there were 20 and, by the late 1980s, only 9. What is a currency board?

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