81. Cuban American Pilot's Association Nonprofit organization formed to fly search and rescue missions over the Straits of Florida. Provides details of current programs, history and photo gallery. http://www.capstonestudio.com/capa/

82. Cuba Libre If a single individual may be said to have embodied the development of the cuban secessionist movement during those crucial years, that individual was surely http://www.historical-museum.org/history/war/cf.htm

H ISTORICAL M USEUM OF S OUTHERN F LORIDA Home Site Map Events Exhibits ... Spanish-American War Cuba Libre T The Apostle of Independence "Let us sing today an anthem to life before their well remembered graves. Yesterday I heard it, rising from the earth itself, as I crossed the dreary afternoon on my way to this faithful town . . . Amidst the shredded clouds, a pine tree defied the storm and thrust the stately trunk upwards. Suddenly, the sun broke through a forest clearing, and there, by a swift flash of light I saw, rising from the yellowed grass amidst the blackened trunks of the fallen pines, the joyful shoots of the new pines. That's what we are: new pines!" The expedition was unmasked by an informer and the ships confiscated by the U. S. government In the often paradoxical ways of publicity, however, the realization that Marti had, after all, managed to organize so ambitious a scheme, galvanized the separatist movement. Colonial authorities in Havana and Madrid were jolted. mambises , as the Cuban insurgents were called, was not so much the Spanish army as the island's economy. Their aim was to paralyze economic activity, thereby bringing the colony to a standstill, making it useless to Spain. As Maximo Gomez said, the mambises' best weapon was the torch.

83. History Of Cuba - The Cuban Flag Details about national and alternate flags. http://www.historyofcuba.com/history/funfacts/cubaflag.htm

The Cuban Flag The colors represented the aspiration for freedom that all men share: red, white and blue. Three blue stripes represent the states into which the island was divided at that time; two white stripes imply the force and dedication of the idealistic soldier for independence; a red triangle for equality, fraternity and liberty, and the blood shed in the pursuit of freedom; a white five-sided star, inside the red triangle, as a symbol of freedom between nations. The flag is twice as long as it is wide. Learn more about , who was executed after four attempts to separate Cuba from Spain. Fast Facts Front Door Bibliography Contents You can talk to me

84. Anarchist People Of Color knowledge. cuban Anarchism the history of a Movement. by Frank Fernandez. introduction by Chaz Bufe Tucson, Ariz. See Sharp Press, 2001. Introduction. http://www.illegalvoices.org/apoc/books/cuban/front.html

forum discussion area knowledge readings + ideas struggle organizing + work connex check it community events, contacts apoc lists e-barrio fre.a.q. q's + answers search find it translate lingua hit us back contact info Cuban Anarchism: the History of a Movement by Frank Fernandez introduction by Chaz Bufe Tucson, Ariz. : See Sharp Press, 2001. Introduction Preface Chapter 1: Colonialism and Separatism (1865-1898) Chapter 2: Intervention and the republic (1899-1933) ... back to top

85. Why The Cuban Trade Embargo Should Be Maintained Article by the Heritage Foundation's John Sweeney, providing an overview of the history and effects of the embargo and arguing for its extension. http://www.heritage.org/Research/TradeandForeignAid/BG1010.cfm

site map help contact us The Heritage Foundation ... Trade and Foreign Aid BG1010: Why the Cuban Trade Policy Archive: view by date Policy Archive: view by issue ... Return Home Why the Cuban Trade Embargo Should Be Maintained by John P. Sweeney Backgrounder #1010 Introduction With the end of the Cold War and collapse of the Soviet Union, there has been a growing chorus of cries for the United States to lift the economic embargo on Cuba. This chorus has included even such responsible anti-communist voices as those of former President Richard Nixon and the editorial page of The Wall Street Journal. Such calls are curious, coming as they are just when it appears that the 32-year-old embargo may be bearing fruit. Five years after losing the financial patronage of the former Soviet Union, Fidel Castro's communist regime is facing severe shortages and growing popular discontent. Cuba's economy has shrunk by more than half since 1989, the black market is more dynamic than the formal command economy controlled by the state, and Fidel Castro's efforts to build a huge tourism industry and attract billions of dollars in new foreign investments have proved dismal failures. This economic collapse has imperiled the stability of the Castro regime. The Soviet Union's demise robbed Castro of his ideological base and about $4.5 billion a year in direct subsidies, exposing the complete failure of the communist revolution to improve the lives of the Cuban people. Moreover, as the economy's collapse has accelerated, popular discontent has increased to levels that threaten the survival of the regime. That was made clear in August, when thousands of Cubans rioted in Havana's Old Waterfront district, and by the subsequent flight to sea of more than 30,000 Cubans of all ages. Another indication that Castro's grip on power is slipping is the increased repression of organized dissident groups by Cuban security forces.

86. Blacklight • Cuba Supplement Cuba s history of brutal treatment of its Gay citizens, particularly Gay men In 1980 hundreds of cuban Gays were again labeled counterrevolutionary, only http://www.blacklightonline.com/cubahome.html

GAY CUBA! "Gay in Cuba: Then and Now A Talk with Gisela Arandia Covarrubia by Sidney Brinkley "Havana in the 1990s: No Longer Choosing Between Thieves and Faggots" ... RECORDINGS Cuba's history of brutal treatment of its Gay citizens, particularly Gay men, is a permanent scar on the face of the Castro regime. Gay people were despised in Cuba and Castro brought a reign of terror upon them. They were harassed, publicly ridiculed, forced from jobs, jailed, beaten and, in 1965, they were labeled "counter revolutionary" rounded up and sent to forced labor camps. In 1980 hundreds of Cuban Gays were again labeled "counter-revolutionary," only this time they were thrown out of the country. After what they'd been through, getting thrown out of Cuba wasn't the worse thing that could happen. So, it should come as no surprise to hear they don't have Gay bars in Havana and they don't have an extensive Gay subculture as we know it. But Cuba does have Gay men and Lesbians and they do have a life. But what's it like living the Gay "La Vida Loca" under such a repressive regime? What's it like being Black and Gay in Cuba? What's it like being Black in Cuba? Is it the color-blind communist utopia they would have us believe? Gisela Arandia Covarrubia is an author and researcher on issues of race and society. She has lectured extensively in the United States on a variety of topics that include the future of race relations in Cuba and Black women in Cuba.

87. The History Of Cuban Art In order to go directly to individual eras in the history of cuban art, please click the links below The first historical witnesses. http://www.cubanfineart.com/2_history_cuba_e.htm

The paintings sketches and Cuban engravings, characterized by their enormous impact, wealth and uniqueness, have shown a constant upward trend. In order to go directly to individual eras in the history of Cuban art, please click the links below: The first historical witnesses The 15th and 16th centuries The Colonial Period (especially the 18th and 19th centuries) National painting in the 19th century ... Painting in exile The first historical testimonies The first signs come from cave painting: later testimonials were the cartographies of the island, combined with impressions and myths developed by the chroniclers. Along the long historic path, the mural paintings executed, in the most part anonymously, on the interior and exterior of houses from the colonial period must be mentioned. On the basis of their character and craftsmanship, they have to be labeled "folk art". Natural pigments and some inferior quality colors were used, and the later the paintings were executed, the more complex and higher quality the techniques. Cape paintings in Cave Number 1, "Punta del Este", Isla de la Juventud.

88. The Chairman Smiles - Introduction from the collection of the International Institute of Social history in Amsterdam. Attempts to follow an independent course dominate the cuban posters from the http://www.iisg.nl/exhibitions/chairman/

International Institute of Social History Exhibitions Last updated: October 8, 2002 Go To Home IISH Virtual Exhibitions The Chairman Smiles Soviet Posters Cuban Posters Chinese Posters Designers ... Sitemap Search The Chairman Whole site More Options Help Language English Contact Services: Enquiries Also on this server Dutch Political Posters Guide to the IISH Poster Collection Stefan Lands- berger's Chinese Propaganda Posters The Chairman Smiles Posters from the former Soviet Union, Cuba and China The former Soviet Union, Cuba, and China: three countries where posters played an important political role and received a large amount of artistic attention. This is a selection of 145 political posters, famous masterpieces as well as equally beautiful but unknown examples drawn from the collection of the International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam. 'The Chairman Smiles' gives an image of stormy political developments. The Soviet posters chronicle the Revolution of 1917, the following civil war and the attempts to build a new society, the Five Year Plans of the 1930s and Joseph Stalin's dictatorship. Attempts to follow an independent course dominate the Cuban posters from the 1960s, with special attention to mobilizing and informing the people and to spreading culture. The Chinese posters include not only a number from the period of the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), with the glorification of Mao Zedong, idyllic scenes in agricultural communes and sharp attacks on political opponents, but also extremely rare posters from circa 1949 to the early 1960s, with the establishment of the People's Republic and the campaign for the Great Leap Forward . There are also posters from the 1980s and early 1990s, the period of Deng Xiaoping and the economic modernization.

89. Cuban Missile Crisis - US Air Force Museum Cold War History Gallery cuban Missile Crisis information from the US Air Force Museum Cold War history Gallery. http://www.wpafb.af.mil/museum/history/cmc.htm

USAF Museum History Cold War History Cold War Recon RB-47H Shot Down U-2A Shot Down Reconnaissance and the Cuban Missile Crisis Probably at no time in this nation's history has the importance of aerial reconnaissance been demonstrated more dramatically than during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. In September and October of that year, Soviet officials had persistently denied their intent to install offensive weapons in Cuba, only 90 miles from U.S. shores, despite intelligence reports to the contrary. On Oct. 14, two USAF high-flying U-2 reconnaissance aircraft photographed portions of Cuba and analysis of these photos confirmed that bases were being constructed for intermediate-range missiles within striking distance of the United States. President John F. Kennedy placed the US armed forces on alert for whatever action might be necessary as USAF U-2 and RF-101 flights over Cuba continued, the latter aircraft sometimes flying at tree-top level. On Oct. 22, President Kennedy publicly announced details of the critical situation and declared that

90. The Cuban Missile Crisis The 1962 cuban Missile Crisis Timeline American military forces are instructed to set DEFCON 2 the highest ever in US history. http://www.hpol.org/jfk/cuban/

The Cuban Missile Crisis, October 18-29, 1962 Listening to these audio files requires installation of the free RealAudio Player. It is available from RealAudio. Please note: The source tapes for these audio materials are poor, requiring higher quality streaming at a minimum modem speed of 28.8 kbps. Macs with 040 processors will not be able to stream these materials. In October 1996, The John F. Kennedy Library released a set of tape recordings documenting the crisis for the period October 18 to 29, 1963. These recordings were made in the Oval Office. They include President Kennedy's personal recollections of discussions, conversations with his advisors, meetings with the Joint Chiefs of Staff and members of the president's executive committee. We are releasing four tapes in this series now. Others will follow. The tapes are unedited and represent digital copies of the materials distributed by the Library. The recordings were made using early technology (Dictabelt and similar devices). Microphones and placement also add noise and distortion. In short, these recordings will prove challenging to some listeners. At first, the voices may sound like honking geese. But if you persevere, you will become a first-hand observer to one of the most important events of the cold war. The 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis Timeline: Monday, October 15:

91. The Cuban Tres An educational site dedicated to the cuban tres. Includes history, players, recordings, and description of the instrument. http://www.concentric.net/~Scushman/

Welcome to CubanTres.com The Cuban Tres The Cuban Tres is a guitar-like instrument with three double strings (six strings in all). It played a key role in the Cuban "Son" musical style and continues to play a part in many Afro-Cuban inspired bands. It is sometime referred to as "Cuban Tres Guitar", "Tres Cubano" or "Tres Guitar". Some instruments from Puerto Rico have three triple strings (nine strings in all). CubanTres.com is an educational site dedicated to the instrument and its music. It will offer profiles/interviews of contemporary New York and Cuban Tres players. Note: In the above photograph Mario Hernandez is playing a Puerto-Rican style Tres. One of the most common forms of the Tres is a retrofitted guitar, i.e. a typical acoustic guitar strung with different gauge strings and tuned like a Tres (g-c-e)- See picture below. The Cuban Tres is sometimes referred to as the "Tres Guitar". Site Last Updated: 5/10/04 "El Ciego Maravilloso" Arsenio Rodriguez (1911-1970) helped expand the role of the Tres as a solo instrument.

92. History Of Cuba - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia It was that policy that shaped the history of Cuba up until the cuban revolution in 1959 and Cuba was more or less an American protectorate during that time. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Cuba

History of Cuba From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Table of contents 1 Pre-Columbian Cuba 2 Conquest of Cuba 3 Spanish Colonial Cuba 4 Cuba's Struggle for Independence ... edit Pre-Columbian Cuba Before 1492, Cuba was populated by two very distinct aborigine groups: Taíno and Siboney or Ciboney . Both were Stone Age cultures, the Taíno being slightly more advanced, although their development was limited to rudimentary agriculture and construction of wooden structures. Taínos were arguably the inventors of smoking , since at the arrival of the first Europeans, they already cultivated and consumed tobacco , in the form of primitive cigars . The entire native indian population disapeared during the Spanish conquest, due to the cruelty of spanish conquistadores , and the diseases they brought with them and which were previously unknown to indians, such as Measles edit Conquest of Cuba Cuba was first visited by Europeans with Christopher Columbus , who landed on the island for the first time on October 28, 1492. Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar lead the Spanish conquest of the Island.

93. History Of Cuba -- The Cuban Revolution = Rock Around the Blockade Educational Series =- history of Cuba. 4. The cuban revolution. by Richard Roques. On December 2 1956, Fidel http://www.rcgfrfi.easynet.co.uk/ratb/cuba/history4.htm

-= Rock Around the Blockade Educational Series =- History of Cuba 4. The Cuban revolution by Richard Roques On December 2 1956, Fidel Castro and 81 other combatants, including Che Guevara, landed in Cuba to begin the revolutionary war against the US-backed regime of Fulgencio Batista. Over the next two years, the Rebel Army conducted an ever-widening guerrilla struggle that won increasing popular support in the countryside and the cities, culminating in the revolution's victory on January 1, 1959. On March 10, 1952, Batista led a bloodless coup on the island of Cuba. On July 26th, 1953, Fidel Castro led an attack on the Moncada army garrison in Santiago de Cuba that marked the beginning of the revolutionary armed struggle against the Batista regime. After the attack's failure, Batista's forces massacred over 50 of the captured revolutionaries. Castro and others were taken prisoner, tried imprisoned. They were released in May 1955 after a public defence campaign forced the regime to issue an amnesty. Che Guevara and the Cuban Revolution: Episodes in the Revolutionary War On November 30 they heard on the radio that Frank Pais had started an uprising in Santiago de Cuba. The following day they set a course for the coast of Cuba. They had run out of water, food and fuel.

94. General Cigar Company – History Of Cigars The history of General Cigar Company, Inc. Known as Mister Junior, he began by buying Havana seed, Connecticut broadleaf, some cuban tobacco, and tobacco in http://www.cigarworld.com/history/

General Cigar Company – History of Cigars General Cigar Company holds a place in the history of cigars stretching back over 150 years. The history of General Cigar is the story of one family and its love of tobacco. It is a rich and colorful story of tobacco dealers, growers, and entrepreneurs which stretches over 150 years. Buy Cigars – Cigar Search Cigar Promotions Cigar Events Cigar Discussions ... CigarWorld Sitemap click here Become a Member Where to Buy Promotions Events Punch Photo Download Cigar Discussions Cigar Reviews Report Alleged Counterfeiters Club Macanudo NYC Our History Terms of Participation CigarWorld Sitemap CigarWorld, your on-line home for the world of cigars. We feature free cigar promotions, cigar discussions, cigar ratings, locators for cigar friendly restaurants, events and tobacconists around the United States. Bolivar Cigars Canaria d'Oro Cigars El Rico Habano Cigars Excalibur Cigars ... Sancho Panza Select a brand... Bolivar Canaria d'Oro Cohiba Cohiba Cohiba XV Creme de Jamaica El Credito International El Rico Habano Excalibur Excalibur Excalibur 1066 Hoyo de Monterrey Hoyo de Monterrey Hoyo Dark Sumatra Kahlua La Gloria Cubana La Gloria Cubana Serie R Macanudo Macanudo Cafe Macanudo Maduro Macanudo Robust Macanudo Vintage Macanudo Gold Label Partagas Partagas Black Label Series S Limited Reserve Spanish Rosado Punch Punch

95. Homework Center - Wars & World History in the Civil War. Back to the top of the Wars and World history Page. Cold War. cuban Missle Crisis Space Race CNN Cold War http://www.multcolib.org/homework/warwldhc.html

School Corps Library Catalog Library Databases Ask Us! ... World War II American Revolution For 18th Century America, see 18th Century (1700s) The American Revolution http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/revolution/index.html Check out the Boston Massacre, the English colonial era, and the birth of a new nation at The History Place web site. Betsy Ross Home Page http://www.ushistory.org/betsy/index.html Information about Betsy Ross, the creator of the US flag. Colonial Hall: A Look at America's Founders http://www.colonialhall.com/biography.asp Biographies of all of the founding fathers who signed the Declaration of Independence. Each is approximately one page of text. Liberty! The American Revolution http://www.pbs.org/ktca/liberty/ This PBS site explores the chronology of the revolution, what liberty meant in the 1700s and what it means today. Spy Letters of the American Revolution http://www.si.umich.edu/SPIES/ Discover the stories behind some of the spies during the American Revolution. Read the letters and find out what they meant. Valley Oak Elementary's Room 9 Presents The Timeline of the Revolution http://www.dcn.davis.ca.us/vme/vo/

96. Jane Franklin -- Cuba And The United States: A Chronological History in many ways, this book may be read as narrative history or consulted CIA operatives like Félix Rodríguez, Jorge Mas Canosa and the cuban American National http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/jbfranklins/Cuba.htm

Cuba and the United States: A Chronological History Jane Franklin Amazon.com "Whether one reads it as a history, or keeps it handy as a ready reference,...this is a book that no serious student of U.S.-Cuba relations can afford to be without." Philip Brenner, American University "A marvelous work that puts the U.S. Government's outrageous aggression into stark and stunning context." John Marciano, State University of New York "This chronology provides scholars with an essential and long overdue research tool." Cuba and the United States: A Chronological History begins with an introductory chapter on the background that led to revolution, tracing Cuba-U.S. relations from the time when both countries were colonies of European powers. Then comes the detailed, year-by-year chronology from January 1959 through 1995. The connections between these two nations are placed in the context of global events and politics. Designed to be used in many ways, this book may be read as narrative history or consulted as a reference guide to a wide range of topics. The chronological method establishes historical context, organizes a maximum amount of information, and conveys the interconnectedness of lesser-known occurrences with major developments. Widely-discussed episodes such as the Bay of Pigs invasion or the Missile Crisis are shown to be part of a continuum of events. The index, an integral part of the book, may be used to reveal historical context. For example, if a reader wants to find out about the exodus from Mariel in 1980, the index will of course list direct references but it can do much more, for Mariel is just one episode in a long complex story indexed under "migration."

97. Genealogy.com: Cuban Research The cuban American Experience, by Thomas D. Boswell; Immigrant Adaptation and Family Structure Hispanic Surnames and Family history, by Lyman D. Platt, Ph.D http://www.familytreemaker.com/00000365.html

showAd("banner") New? Start Here Genealogy How-To Getting Started Getting Organized ... Ask an Expert Family Finder First Name: Middle: Last: Cuban The first Cubans came to the United States in the nineteenth century. Most of these individuals left Cuba to either work in the American cigar and tobacco industry or to escape political persecution by the Spanish. The Spanish were driven from the island by the United States in 1898. For half a century following Cuban independence, few Cubans emigrated to the U.S. During the 1950s, however, growing political unrest and economic uncertainty caused thousands of Cubans to flee the island for Miami and other Northern points. This exodus grew even larger after Fidel Castro seized control of the island on January 1, 1959, and began nationalizing large companies and confiscating the property of the upper middle class and wealthy. Between this date and the Cuban missile crisis in October 1962, more than 150,000 Cubans came to the United States. In the following years, Cuba's status as a communist country made the U.S. particularly receptive to Cuban immigrants, with hundreds of thousands of Cubans entering the U.S. Perhaps the most noteworthy event in this immigration is the Mariel boatlift of 1980, in which 125,000 people were allowed to immigrate to the U.S. from Cuba in a matter of weeks. Since this time, a few thousand Cubans have managed to escape their country each year. These Cubans, and those who came before them, are heavily concentrated in the Miami area, although large numbers can also be found in and around New York and Los Angeles.

98. The Cuban Missile Crisis DBQ This website answers a documentbased question (a DBQ) about the cuban Missile Crisis for my AP US history class. Enjoy reading! http://www.geocities.com/apushdbq/

Welcome to my Big DBQ website! This website answers a document-based question (a DBQ) about the Cuban Missile Crisis for my AP US History class. Enjoy reading! David Hall APUSH '01 log('daveman7');

99. World History Archives: The History Of Cuba The history of Cuba. Documents for the retrospective history of Cuba. Documents for the contemporary political history of Cuba. Documents for the economic history of Cuba. Documents for the workingclass history of Cuba http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/43b

The history of Cuba Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in World History Archives History in general of the Caribbean Documents for the retrospective history of Cuba Documents for the contemporary political history of Cuba Documents for the economic history of Cuba Documents for the working-class history of Cuba Documents for the social history of Cuba Documents for the culture history of Cuba Documents for the media and telecommunications of Cuba

100. Original Cuban Cigars - Cigarettes - Tobacco - Wholesale Price Cigarettes and original cuban cigars shipped worlwide. Information about brands and prices. http://www.e-tobaccos.com

Delivering Tobacco Products Since 1998 Home About Us Latest News Testimonials ... Accessories Welcome to e-Tobaccos: Your shop for Cuban Cigars, Cigarettes, Rolling Tobacco and Pipe Tobacco El Rey del Mundo Choix Suprème (Robusto) Cuban Cigar Recently rated 92, this Robusto cuban cigar reaches out to the smokers in search of flavor over power. An oily, beautifully constructed wrapper encases a floral sweet (chocolaty) bouquet. Very easy and fairly fast burning, perfect day cuban cigar smoke. NOW Montecristo No.2 (Torpedo) Cuban Cigar The most famous cigar coming out of Cuba and our biggest seller. The reason ? This cuban cigar cigar has character beyond belief. Powerful from the start, this Torpedo bombards you with rich wood and spice flavours, yet maintains a creamy feel the whole way through. NOW €222.73 H.Upmann Magnum 46 (Gran Corona) Cuban Cigar This is a living myth of a cuban cigar. A wonderfully descriptive name, for a cuban cigar that packs a real punch of spice and flavor. A must try in this season. NOW €190.28

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