61. NOW With Bill Moyers. Society & Community. Prisons In America | PBS the rate of incarceration in the United States more than trend shows no sign of slowing — prisons are being to a nationwide overall drop in the crime rate as http://www.pbs.org/now/society/prisons2.html

Truth and Lies More on This Story: Select One Tulia Timeline American Prisons Bob Herbert Transcript Prison Stats Prisons in America Prisons are big in the United States. There are more people behind bars literally, and proportionally, than any time in our history. We have a higher percentage of our population in prison than any other nation. And, we keep building more prisons, in fact many locales lobby for new prisons as a tool of economic recovery. What are the actual numbers that put American prison populations in historical and international perspective? In 2001, nearly 6.6 million people were on probation, in jail or prison, or on parole at year end. That number represents 3.1% of all U.S. adult residents or one in every 32 adults. American Prisons: The Debate Between 1973 and 2000 the rate of incarceration in the United States more than quadrupled. The International Centre for Prison Studies at Kings College, London now calculates the U.S. rate at 700 people per 100,000. (That number encompasses the most recently available federal, state and local prison population statistics.) There are now more than two million Americans behind bars. Add to that another four and a half million on probation or parole and three million ex-convicts. Substance Abuse and Crime What is certain is that drug sentencing laws and drug eradication policies have had a critical role in the growth of the prison population. In 1980 the incarceration rate for drug offenses was 15 inmates per 100,000 adults ; by 1996, it was 148 inmates per 100,000 adults. The figures for federal prison are even more stark. In 1970, 16.3 percent of all federal inmates were imprisoned on drug-related charges; in 2002 that percentage had risen to 54.7 percent.

62. Death And Dementia - Crime And Punishment of the most senseless laws in the entire United States. death penalty, criminal justice and prisoners, prisons and more. PHR crime Physicians for Human Rights http://www.deathndementia.com/category/crime.html

63. Correctional Officers who have been convicted of a crime and sentenced approximately 3,300 jails in the United States are operated jails or State and Federal prisons, watching over http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos156.htm

Skip Navigation Links Latest Numbers U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook www.bls.gov OOH Search/A-Z Index BLS Home Get Detailed Statistics ... Find It! In DOL Printer-friendly version ( HTML PDF Correctional Officers Nature of the Work Working Conditions Employment Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement ... Sources of Additional Information Significant Points The work can be stressful and hazardous. Most correctional officers work in institutions located in rural areas with smaller inmate populations than those in urban jails. Job opportunities are expected to be excellent. Nature of the Work About this section Back to Top Correctional officers are responsible for overseeing individuals who have been arrested and are awaiting trial or who have been convicted of a crime and sentenced to serve time in a jail, reformatory, or penitentiary. They maintain security and inmate accountability to prevent disturbances, assaults, or escapes. Officers have no law enforcement responsibilities outside the institution where they work. (For more information on related occupations, see the statements on police and detectives , and probation officers and correctional treatment specialists , elsewhere in the Handbook Police and sheriffs’ departments in county and municipal jails or precinct station houses employ many correctional officers, also known as

64. Science & Technology At Scientific American.com: Why Do Prisons Grow? -- For The remainder are held mostly in federal prisons.) Because state You would expect that states with high prison populations would have high crime rates, and http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=000CAC60-CF7B-1C6D-84A9809EC588EF21

65. The Crime Of Prisons The crime of prisons. likely noted the presence of the tag No More prisons on the The United States prison population now numbers over two million, which is http://web.mit.edu/thistle/www/v12/1/prisons.html

The Thistle Volume 12, Number 1: June 2, 2000. The Crime of Prisons If you live by the long standing MIT tradition of looking down at the ground when you walk, and if you have broken the MIT tradition of never leaving campus, you have most likely noted the presence of the tag 'No More Prisons' on the sidewalks throughout Cambridge and Boston. Now if you have also broken that other MIT tradition of ignoring the world around you, it's possible that you've asked yourself what the tag is all about. This article will attempt to answer that question. The United States prison population now numbers over two million, which is nearly one percent of our total popu-lation. The United States houses over a quarter of the world's prison population. We have more prisoners than China, a country with quadruple our total popu-lation. At current rates, 1 out of every 20 people will serve time in prison during their lifetime. And we're growing: in '93 we had somewhere around 949,000, which means the prison population has more than doubled in seven years, while the total population has remained relatively stagnant. Most sentences are fairly long, being between five and fifteen years. Our prison population is quickly moving towards rivaling that of Stalin’s Soviet Union - or already has, according to some estimates. If you extend the statistics beyond the prison population to include anyone under correctional supervision, the number reaches 6 million - 2.2% of the United States population. There is a great wealth of statistics available on the prison population which give us some clue as to why there are so many people in jail. One factor appears to be race. Judging by the statistics, there has to be something criminal about being black, because 28% of black males will go to prison sometime during their lifetime. Compare this to the national average of 5.1%, and to the white male average of 4.4%, and it's enough to convince you that there must be a law somewhere against being black. My guess would be Texas or Alabama.

66. Shopping Resources - Crime crime Magazine Comprehensive site about crime from prisons to assassinations, celebrity crime to gangsters, fugitives to the unjustly convicted. http://uk.searchengine.com/directory/130/130419.htm

uk.searchengine.com HOME current search: Crime last search: Similar Searches correctional facility jail murder inmates ... war crime Companies that offer products and services related to Crime should be in our directory which currently contains more than 2 million listings. We do our best to deliver results at uk.searchengine.com so you get the most relevant information available today in the UK for your search for Crime. Top Society Crime Abuse ... 2.  Find crime books on eBay.co.uk Great deals on books, comics and magazines on eBay.co.uk, the UK's largest online marketplace. (www.eBay.co.uk) 3.  Fraud detection training Public and private training courses on how to identify and combat fraud. Assistance with asset tracing and recovery. (http://www.russellandassociates.co.uk) National law firm with expertise in personal injury, professional and medical negligence, unfair dismissal, fraud and investigation and wills and probate cases. (http://www.rjw.co.uk)

67. Annexing The Penitentiary crime Pays Since Census Counts Convicts, Some Towns Can a topic that Congress or the states would have of their residents locked up in distant rural prisons. http://grassrootsleadership.org/Articles/article5_spr2002.html

Annexing the Penitentiary By Nicholas Kulish The Wall Street Journal Crime Pays: Since Census Counts Convicts, Some Towns Can't Get Enough- Federal and State Funds Tied To Total Population Help Florence, Ariz., Rebuild- FLORENCE, Ariz. This desert stopover between Phoenix and Tucson has 5,224 residents allowed to walk the streets. Another 11,830 live within town limits but under lock and key. And as Florence has profitably discovered, the Census Bureau counts inmates the same as law-abiding citizens. That means that millions of extra dollars in state and federal funding keyed to population pour into Florence's coffers every year, thanks to its outsize share of prisoners. This is no accident. Since the 1980s, local officials have worked hard to bring prisons to Florence to take advantage of the census-driven windfall. While many rural localities have traditionally sought prisons as a source of jobs and local tax money, Florence has expanded its borders three times to annex nearby lockups and boost the town's head count. And twice, Florence has paid the Census Bureau for special recounts, so the state and federal dollars would flow even faster. For every dollar in Florence's budget generated by local taxes and fees, an additional $1.76 comes from state and federal allocations based strictly on the prisoners in its population. It makes no difference that the nearly 70% of the population that is incarcerated gets little or no direct benefit from the roads, parks and services the outside money helps pay for.

68. Identity Theory | "prisons: A Social Crime And Failure" - From Anarchism And Oth Yet crimes are rapidly multiplying, and society is paying institution or reformatory in the United States where men world, while in most other prisons the same http://www.identitytheory.com/etexts/goldmananarchism5.html

Preface Anarchism: What it really stands for Minorities Versus Majorities The Psychology of Political Violence ... The Drama: A Powerful Dissimenator of Radical Thought Prisons: A Social Crime and Failure In 1849, Feodor Dostoyevsky wrote on the wall of his prison cell the following story of THE PRIEST AND THE DEVIL: "'Hello, you little fat father!' the devil said to the priest. 'What made you lie so to those poor, misled people? What tortures of hell did you depict? Don't you know they are already suffering the tortures of hell in their earthly lives? Don't you know that you and the authorities of the State are my representatives on earth? It is you that make them suffer the pains of hell with which you threaten them. Don't you know this? Well, then, come with me!' "The devil grabbed the priest by the collar, lifted him high in the air, and carried him to a factory, to an iron foundry. He saw the workmen there running and hurrying to and fro, and toiling in the scorching heat. Very soon the thick, heavy air and the heat are too much for the priest. With tears in his eyes, he pleads with the devil: 'Let me go! Let me leave this hell!' "'Oh, my dear friend, I must show you many more places.' The devil gets hold of him again and drags him off to a farm. There he sees workmen threshing the grain. The dust and heat are insufferable. The overseer carries a knout, and unmercifully beats anyone who falls to the ground overcome by hard toil or hunger.

69. When They Get Out - 99.06 Bureau of Justice Statistics crime and law enforcement by a division of the United States Department of fights against the brutality of control unit prisons. http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/99jun/9906prisoners.htm

Return to this issue's Table of Contents. J U N E 1 9 9 9 How prisons, established to fight crime, produce crime a sequel to our December cover story, "The Prison-Industrial Complex" by Sasha Abramsky P OPULAR perceptions about crime have blurred the boundaries between fact and politically expedient myth. The myth is that the United States is besieged, on a scale never before encountered, by a pathologically criminal underclass. The fact is that we're not. After spiraling upward during the drug wars, murder rates began falling in the mid-1990s; they are lower today than they were more than twenty years ago. In some cities the murder rate in the late twentieth century is actually lower than it was in the nineteenth century. Nonviolent property-crime rates are in general lower in the United States today than in Great Britain, and are comparable to those in many European countries. Nevertheless, horror stories have led to calls for longer prison sentences, for the abolition of parole, and for the increasingly punitive treatment of prisoners. The politics of opinion-poll populism has encouraged elected and corrections officials to build isolation units, put more prisons on "lockdown" status (in which prisoners are kept in their cells about twenty-three hours a day), abolish grants that allowed prisoners to study toward diplomas and degrees, and generally make life inside as miserable as possible. Marc Mauer, the assistant director of the Sentencing Project , an advocacy group based in Washington, D.C., says, "Fifty years ago rehabilitation was a primary goal of the system." Nowadays it's not. "The situation we're in now is completely unprecedented," Mauer says. "The number going through the system dwarfs that in any other period in U.S. history and virtually in any other country as well." In 1986, according to figures published in the

70. How Should Prisons Treat Inmates Essays At ENotes fighting and preventing crime. In addition to generally reducing inmates’ privileges, many states have also developed “supermax” prisons, designed to http://www.enotes.com/should-prisons/

How Should Prisons Treat Inmates? Search eNotes: Search as phrase eNotes Home Literature Guides Viewpoints Series Author Sites ... About Welcome, guest! Login Join eNotes Help Tuesday, June 8, 2004 How Should Prisons Treat Inmates?: Introduction Table of Contents Bibliography Organizations to Contact ... Tell a friend about How Should Prisons Treat Inmates? eNotes. Printer-friendly version Download PDF Imprisonment as punishment for crimes was first used during the sixteenth century in Europe. Prior to that, criminal correction usually consisted of enslavement or swift physical punishment such as whipping or execution. Prison was conceived as a more humane response to criminal behavior. When Europeans established colonies in America in the seventeenth century they continued the practice of imprisoning those convicted of crimes. During the colonial era, the number of Americans in prison made up a small, barely noticeable segment of the population. That situation has changed dramatically, however. According to statistics from the Department of Justice’s Bureau of Justice, if incarceration rates continue unchanged, 1 out of every 20 Americans alive today will be imprisoned at some time in their lives. This rate of incarceration has increased quite recently. In 1980, 139 of every 100,000 Americans were incarcerated; in 1996, that number had nearly quadrupled to 427 per 100,000, according to Bureau of Justice statistics. This is due in part to new crime laws such as “three strikes and you’re out” and tougher sentencing for drug-related offenses.

71. Society Crime Prisons The Other Side of the Wall prisons and prison http//www.theatlantic.com/election/connection/crime/crime.htm Rantburg to serve in the United States Army, which http://world.ammissione.it/browse_/Society/Crime/Prisons/

72. Prisons From Linkspider UK Society Directory Directory Topic prisons. Directory Tree Top Society crime prisons (). http://linkspider.co.uk/Society/Crime/Prisons/

Match » -All words -Any word -Exact text Search » The Web Jobs / Vacancy Images / Photos FTP / Downloads United Kingdom United States of America Argentina Austria Australia Bangladesh Belgium Bolivia Brazil Bulgaria Canada Chile China Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Czechoslovakia Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Estonia Finland France Germany Ghana Greece Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Japan Jordan Kenya Kuwait Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malaysia Malta Mexico Moldavia Monaco Morocco Mozambique Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria North Korea Norway Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russian Federation Saudi Arabia Singapore South Africa South Korea Spain Sri Lanka Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Tanzania Thailand Tunisia Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates Uruguay Venezuela Yemen Yugoslavia Zambia Zimbabwe Ranking » On (no duplicate) Off (allow duplicate) Add my Site Toolbar Affiliates Directory Topic Prisons Directory Tree: Top Society Crime : Prisons ( Alcatraz Directories Inmate Writers and Journals Issues ... The Media See Also: Society: History: By Region: North America: United States: Wars: Civil War: Prisons Society: Law: Law Enforcement: Corrections Society: Religion and Spirituality: Christianity: Organizations: Ministries: Prison Federal Prison Consultants Federal prison consulting group advises defense attorneys, inmates and those under federal investigation, indictment or arrest, on presentencing and alternatives.

73. Costs Of Policing The cost of combating crime in the United States, for police, prisons and courts, was $147 billion in 1999, the last year for which figures are available http://www.policetalk.com/costs_of_policing.html

February 11, 2002 Study Finds Steady Increase in Cost of Criminal Justice By FOX BUTTERFIELD The cost of combating crime in the United States, for police, prisons and courts, was $147 billion in 1999, the last year for which figures are available, according to a study released yesterday by the Bureau of Justice Statistics. That is more than four times the $36 billion spent on the criminal justice system in 1982. Federal, state and local expenditures for police, prisons and courts increased every year in the 1990's, even as crime fell during the decade. Nearly 2.2 million people work in the criminal justice system, including one million police officers, 717,000 prison and jail guards and 455,000 people in the courts, the report said. The expenditures amount to 7.7 percent of all state and local government spending and are about the same as government spending on hospitals and health care. The report did not directly address the question of how effective the spending has been. But it did find that in general, crime rates and spending on criminal justice were related, though not in the sense that many people believe. "States with high crime rates tend to have higher than average expenditures and employment" devoted to criminal justice, the report said, while states with the lowest crime rates tend to have the lowest spending and employment.

74. Gardens Of The Law Panel on Research on Deterrent and Incapacitative Effects examined the role of prisons in deterring crime. Their report concluded that states like California http://www.prisonactivist.org/crisis/gardens-of-law.html

prisons issues crisis Gardens of the Law Gardens of the Law: The Role of Prisons in Capitalist Society by Joel Olson Prison isn't a place to keep the "bad apples" from spoiling the rest of society. It is for the social control of the entire populationgood and bad apples alike. Capitalism requires a politically obedient population that can be put to work making profits for the wealthy. Prisons ensure this politically docile and economically useful population. Prisons are useful for the powers that be; they are only a problem for those locked inside them, their loved ones, and those who want a free society. Prison Myths Prisons are not about decreasing crime. In 1976 the Panel on Research on Deterrent and Incapacitative Effects examined the role of prisons in deterring crime. Their report concluded that states like California and Massachusetts, for example, would have to increase their prison populations 150 percent and 310 percent (from mid-'70s levels) to achieve a 10 percent reduction in crime. Minnesota's Assistant Commissioner of Corrections admits, "There is no evidence of a relationship between the incarceration rate and violent crime. We're in the business of tricking people into thinking that spending hundreds of millions [of dollars] for new prisons will make them safe." Prisons are not about rehabilitation. In 1981 New York State Correction Commissioner Thomas Coughlin confessed, "The department is no longer engaged in rehabilitative and programming efforts, but is rather forced to warehouse people and concentrate on finding the next cell." Packing in more and more bodies inside their walls is what prisons do; rehabilitating lost souls in order to return them to society is not.

75. Human Rights Watch: Prison Conditions In The United States Stephanie L. Baum, States Experiment With Specialized Drug Wilson boosts power of prisons investigator, Fresno the Punishment Is the crime, San Francisco http://www.hrw.org/advocacy/prisons/u-s.htm

HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH PRISON PROJECT PRISONS IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA In many jails, prisons, immigration detention centers and juvenile detention facilities, confined individuals suffered from physical mistreatment, excessive disciplinary sanctions, barely tolerable physical Auburn Prison, state of New York conditions, and inadequate medical and mental health care. Unfortunately, there was little support from politicians or the public for reform. Fifty-three percent of all state inmates were incarcerated for nonviolent crimes, while criminal justice policies increased the length of prison sentences and diminished the availability of parole. The U.S. incarcerated a greater proportion of its population than any countries except Russia and Rwanda: more than 1.7 million people were either in prison or in jail in 1998, reflecting an incarceration rate of more than 645 per 100,000 residents, double the rate of a decade before. Approximately one in every 117 adult males was in prison. Surging prison populations and public reluctance to fund new construction produced dangerously overcrowded prisons. Violence continued to be pervasive: in 1997 (the most recent year for which data were available), sixty-nine inmates were killed by other inmates, and thousands were injured seriously enough to require medical attention. Extortion and intimidation were commonplace. Most inmates had scant opportunities for work, training, education, treatment or counseling. Mentally ill inmates—estimated to constitute between 6 and 14 percent of the incarcerated population—rarely received adequate monitoring or treatment.

76. Neal R. Peirce, Prisons And Crime Rates drug treatment—or not be considered crimes at all The United States actually had a rather steady 20th our governments constructed some 1,000 new prisons in 20 http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/45/330.html

Documents menu Date: Tue, 16 Mar 1999 22:04:03 -0600 (CST) From: John V. Wilmerding Subject: [PRISONACT] Prisons and crime rates: Neal Peirce Essay Article: 57875 To: undisclosed-recipients:; Prisons and Crime Rates Opinion piece by Neal R. Peirce, Philadelphia Enquirer, 15 March 1999 The Prison-Industrial Complex Among our prisoners are dangerous folks we all want to see locked up: roughly 150,000 armed robbers, 125,000 murderers, 100,000 sex offenders. But of the people now going to prison, Schlosser reports, less than a third have committed a violent crime. Drug-related cases predominate: Across the country, politicians of both parties emulated Rockefeller, pushing multiple types of mandatory sentencing laws. As battalions of drug offenders got caught, our governments constructed some 1,000 new prisons in 20 years. Virtually all are now filled to the gills, many dangerously overcrowded. California alone now has more inmates than France, Great Britain, Germany, Japan, Singapore and the Netherlands combined. Our national incarceration rate is 445 per 100,000. prison-industrial complex as potent as the military-industrial complex of which President Dwight Eisenhower warned.

77. MeL Justice Crime mid1970s to over 1,000 prisons by the Office of Postsecondary Education Campus crime Statistics Database 6000 colleges and universities in the United States. http://web.mel.org/viewtopic.jsp?id=2157&pathid=2659

78. MotherJones.com -- Debt To Society crime package, raising drug penalties and providing billions of dollars for more prisons and police. In the early 1990s, the federal government and 23 states http://www.motherjones.com/news/special_reports/prisons/overview.html

HOME NEWS COMMENTARY ARTS ... ABOUT US HOW WE GOT TO TWO MILLION How did the Land of the Free become the world's leading jailer? By Vince Beiser July 10, 2001 Photography by Andrew Lichtenstein and Gregg Segal In the heart of Los Angeles, just a few blocks from the downtown commuter hub of Union Station, stands a pair of massive concrete towers. Tinted in bland desert tones of beige and dull rose, the angular, unapologetically functional buildings could be some big corporation's headquarters, or a hospital, or perhaps a research facility. Only the windows nearly all of them narrow, vertical slits through which nothing can be seen from the outside give a clue to what the complex really is: the Twin Towers Correctional Facility, which happens to be the world's biggest jail. Linking the towers is a low-lying structure called the Inmate Reception Center. This is the first stop for every inmate taken into custody by the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department. Each day, as many as 6,000 prisoners pass through the IRC's vast labyrinth of hallways and holding areas. It takes a staff of 800 just to log, sort, and monitor them, from booking and fingerprinting to locking them up in cells crowded with other inmates. Local taxpayers spent nearly $400 million to build the Towers in the early '90s because older jails were overflowing with arrestees. The jails, in turn, serve as gateways for the 21 new prisons the state has built since 1980. Over the past two decades, the number of inmates in those prisons has grown sevenfold, to more than 160,000. It cost California taxpayers nearly $5.3 billion to build the new lockups and it costs another $4.8 billion every year to keep them running.

79. SearchBug Directory: Society: Crime: Prisons By Region North America United States Wars Civil California s Crowded prisons http//www.fdungan.com a solution which would reduce crime and prison http://www.searchbug.com/directory.aspx/Society/Crime/Prisons/

All Searches Auctions CompanyFinder Entertainment ... Travel Search the Web: Web Images Audio Files News Multimedia Shopping Open Directory Search: Featured Websites Federal Prison Consultants - federalprisonconsultants.com The Nationwide Expert in Federal Prison Reduction Consulting. National (USA) Directory Of Top DUI/DWI Lawyers - drunkdrivingdefense.com Facing DUI/DWI? Get instant help with a pending impaired (alcohol or drugs)driving charge in any state. National (USA) map connects you with a knowledgeable attorney in your state. The Pampered Prisoner - ThePamperedPrisoner.com View personal ads of male, female, gay, and death row prisoners; artwork, poetry, resources, a public forum and chatroom. Send your first letter by email. Research Prisons At Questia - questia.com Questia online library offers more than 70,000 books and journal articles. Subscribe for complete books, automatic bibliography tools, thousands of research topics with books pre-selected by librarians, and more. Prisons Society Crime Go to Directory Home Categories Alcatraz Directories Inmate Writers and Journals Issues ... Research Related Categories: Web Pages - ranked by popularity Human Rights Watch: Prison Conditions and the Treatment of Prisoners http://www.hrw.org/advocacy/prisons/

80. The Rhetoric Of Crime And Punishment in a society can be judged by entering its prisons. Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821 This course examines crime and punishment in the United States as rhetorical http://www.vcsun.org/~battias/class/446/

Rhetoric of Crime and Punishment Communication Studies 446 Department of Communication Studies College of the Arts, Media, and Communication California State University, Northridge ... final projects COMS 446: Rhetoric of Crime and Punishment "There is no distinctly native American criminal class except Congress." Mark Twain "The laboring people found the prisons always open to receive them, but the courts of justice were practically closed to them." - John Peter Altgeld (1847-1902) "The degree of civilization in a society can be judged by entering its prisons." Fyodor Dostoevsky This course was taught in Spring 2001 by Dr. Bernardo Attias . The documents below point to that semester for now, but may change eventually, but the documents will be preserved at the Spring 2001 Archive when the course is taught again. Students from Spring 2001 should read the news for parting comments from the professor, and may say your last goodbyes to Conversations This course examines crime and punishment in the United States as rhetorical phenomena - in other words, as phenomena that are shaped in part by symbolic action. Theories of criminal justice will be examined along side histories of crime and punishment in order to discover rhetorical processes at work in the construction of crime and punishment in the United States. The course is broken into three units. The first unit will examine the history of criminal justice in the U.S. The second unit will focus specifically on Michel Foucault's theory of the emergence of disciplinary society, widely recognized as the most influential

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