61. Hate Crime - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Seven states have no hate crime laws, twenty states have hate crime laws that donot protect sexual orientation, and twentyfour states have hate crime laws http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hate_crime

Hate crime From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A hate crime bias crime ), loosely defined, is a crime committed because of the perpetrator's prejudices. This is a controversial political issue within the US . The US Congress HR 4797 ) defined a hate crime as: "[a crime in which] the defendant's conduct was motivated by hatred , bias, or prejudice, based on the actual or perceived race , color, religion national origin ethnicity gender ... sexual orientation or gender identity of another individual or group of individuals." In , the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act added disabilities to the above list. In the last decade of the 20th century, U.S. legislation established harsher penalties for a number of crimes when they are also considered hate crimes. While some claim that these hate crimes laws exist because women and certain minorities have been victims and require special protection, others say that they exist because crimes motivated by hate deserve a harsher punishment. Table of contents 1 Distinguishing features of hate crimes 2 Arguments for and against hate crime laws 3 Mental states in English law 4 Related topics ... edit Distinguishing features of hate crimes It can be difficult to distinguish a hate crime from other crimes. Usually, a hate crime is detected by a background investigation of the accused person or eyewitness reports of the crime. In some cases, circumstantial evidence shows the intent of the accused. For example, handwritten journals might describe the hatred and contain plans for crimes to be committed against the hated group. In other cases, classification of a hate crime is by the judgment of the law enforcement personnel and prosecuting attorney.

62. Hate Crime Enforcement Only about 39 states have enacted laws against hate crime violence and intimidation,and most of these followed the ADL s model statute on intimidation laws. http://faculty.ncwc.edu/toconnor/soc/355lect05.htm

HATE CRIMES AND THEIR ENFORCEMENT OR LACK THEREOF A definition: "A bias-motivated crime is a crime in which the offender is motivated by a characteristic of the victim that identifies the victim as a member of some group toward which the offender feels animosity." (Garofalo & Martin 1992) The sociological literature on collective violence (Smelser 1962) is helpful, but much of it is restricted to analysis of related, but different, behavior like mobs, lynchings, crowds, and riots. Three sociological explanations have existed historically, all revolving around the presumed "social" or symbolic status of the victim (that is, victims are sought out primarily because their social group is seen in some negative light): 1. Group competition over scarce resources (Grimshaw 1969); 2. Long-standing social rituals (Nieburg 1972); 3. Early socio-psychological trauma (Sterba 1969). other , more important attributes of hate crime that make them more than symbolic. HATE CRIME PERPETRATORS Most hate crime is not committed by members of organized hate groups but by individual citizens (BJS 1997). Some perpetrators resent the growing power of a particular racial or ethnic group; others engage in random targeting of interchangeable representatives of minority groups; and still others believe they are on a mission to rid the world of some perceived evil. The most frequent group are believed to be spur of the moment offenders, and very often, alcohol or drug use is involved.

63. National Crime Statistics See a neighborhood crime risk map for any of the 1,497 fouryear colleges in theUnited States. FBI s crime Reports - hate crime. 1. US Department of Justice. http://www.buyerstrust.com/crime.htm

NATIONAL CRIME STATISTICS Moving To A New Area? For Free Information on that New Area Call Toll Free 1-888-707-3669 Property Management Finances Retirement Living Legal ... Go Shopping Now! Choose A Location Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas ... Find A Reliable Contractor Site Directory National Home Search News Home Advice Press Releases ... Yellow Pages About Us Customer Service Home Buying Process How Does An Exclusive Buyer Broker Get Paid Our Team ... Exclusive Buyer Broker Opportunities Career Opportunities Business Opportunities Venture Capitalists ... Advertise Here Comments National Crime Statistics Interested in a Neighborhood Report for any neighborhood in the United States? Click here to retrieve your report! Get ... another good site to compare crime statistics General Information Quick, easy access to facts about people, business, and geography Bureau of Justice Statistics Statistics regarding crimes and victims law enforcement , drugs, criminal offenders , the justice system, criminal records system Criminal Victimization in the U.S. - Statistical Tables Index and more... Crime and Victims Statistics Concerned about Crime?

64. College And University Campus Crime Statistics Parents Students Victims Schools Lawyers Reporters crime stats Congress About SOC Site Map Home © copyright 2004 Security On Campus, Inc. http://www.securityoncampus.org/crimestats/

College and University Campus Crime Statistics College and university campus crime statistics are an important resource that the entire campus community and prospective members of it can use to gauge their safety, and take proactive steps to avoid and prevent campus crime. Related Information Crime Definitions Other Sources For Campus Crime Statistics The Chronicle of Higher Education Tennessee Bureau of Investigation Campus police and security web sites College and university campus crime data is available from two major sources, the U.S. Department of Education which under the "Jeanne Clery Act" collects statistics from more than 6,000 schools, and the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting program which includes data for about 400 schools. The most recent statistics from each government agency are available from this page. Due to differences in reporting standards statistics reported under one program may not match those reported in the other. "Clery Act" campus crime statistics from more than 6,000 institutions of higher education Search the Dept. of Ed. database by demographic information

65. Hate Crime Legislation The ADL reports (as of 2001SEP-21) that Seven states have no hate crime law (Arkansas,Hawaii, Indiana, Kansas, New Mexico, South Carolina, and Wyoming) 12. http://www.religioustolerance.org/hom_hat3.htm

U.S. HATE CRIMES: Definitions and facts Click Here to Visit our Sponsors. Topics in this essay: What makes a crime into a hate crime? Official definitions of hate crimes Facts about hate crimes Existing state and federal hate crime laws What makes a crime be considered as a hate crime? The FBI defines a hate crime (aka bias crime) to be " a criminal offense committed against a person, property or society which is motivated, in whole or in part, by the offender's bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientatio, or ethnicity/national origin. " Thus: If a thug beats up a randomly selected victim, the assault would not be considered a hate crime. If a person assaults a friend or acquaintance out of anger, the assault would not be a hate crime. If a thug beats up a victim who is a stranger and was selected because of their race, it would be a hate crime. If a person delivers a hate speech denigrating all Jews, or Afro-Americans, or gays, then this would not be considered a hate crime anywhere in the United States, because no criminal act has occurred. Hate speech is protected under the First Amendment However, existing federal legislation does not recognize as hate crimes those criminal acts which specifically target women, the disabled and homosexuals.

66. Resources For Responding To Hate Crimes JRSA provides a clearinghouse of information on criminal justice issues and projectsbeing carried out in the states, including hate crimes; training in the http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/help/hbcfts.htm

RESOURCES FOR RESPONDING TO HATE CRIMES Hate Group Monitoring The first step in countering hate activity is learning about hate groups. The following are some sources for learning how to monitor their activities. Coalition for Human Dignity P.O. Box 40344 Portland, OR 97240 175 Fifth Avenue, Suite 2245 New York, NY 10010 Publishers of EXTRA! This is a bi-monthly magazine offering well documented criticism to correct media bias and imbalance. Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reporting Section 409 7th Street NW, Suite 4 Washington, DC 20004 Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reporting Program Law Enforcement Support Section Criminal Justice Information Services Division Federal Bureau of Investigation/GRB Washington, DC 20535 Freedom of Information FOI-PA Section, Room 6296 J. Edgar Hoover Building Washington, DC 20530 Freedom of Information Civil Rights Division Department of Justice FOI-PA Branch, Room 7339 Washington, DC 20530 Hotline for FOIA problems North Carolinians Against Racist and Religious Violence PO Box 240 Durham, NC 27702

67. NCADI: CSAP Resource Guide: Violence In Schools The writers dispute the claim that the United States is undergoing a hatecrime epidemic, and try to isolate the prevalence of hate crimes. http://www.health.org/govpubs/ms716/

Skip Navigation Site Map Help Account ... Home Your browser does not support scripts New Publications Top 50 Pubs in Series Posters ... NCADI Home Search: Publications Site NSAWI E-mail this Page Print this Page Join NCADI Update Contact Us ... Home top Hate Crimes Understanding the perpetrators and victims of hate crimes and the reltionship of these crimes to substance abuse is a new area. We know, based on the limited information from a survey of skinheads, that heavy use of alcohol and some use of drugs often precedes incidents of hate-related violence among these groups. This limited information suggests waves of research are needed to provide more information on the nature of the link between substance abuse and the commission of hate crimes. Most perpetrators of hate crimes are young. They may be members of hate groups or gangs. If not, they may have been influenced by the multitude of the hate material provided as "fact" on the Internet. Existing data on perpetrators and victims are not only unreliable, but they fail to look at the potential ink to substance abuse. Existing data collected by the FBI and advocacy groups are inconsistent due to many factors, including: differing definitions of hate crimes, the willingness of advocacy groups to collect information on hate activities (not necessarily defined as hate crimes), and the unwillingness of some victims to report hate crimes to law enforcement. This resource guide presents the data that are available on perpetrators and victims of hate crimes, as well as the potential relationship to substance abuse. We hope this can spark deeper studies into this tragic phenomenon.

68. Hate Crimes Legislation In addition, 42 states have hate crimes laws in effect, 21 of which includelegislation against acts of violence based on sexual orientation. http://racerelations.about.com/library/weekly/aa042500a.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Race Relations Home Essentials ... White Privilege zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Diversity Interracial Relationships Multiracial Issues Gays and Lesbians of Color ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Race Relations newsletter. Search Race Relations Hate Crimes Legislation By Guide Kimberly Hohman Dateline: 04/25/00 President Clinton and Attorney General, Janet Reno, spoke out on hate crimes legislation today in the hopes of increasing public support of new hate crimes legislation. The new legislation would expand on current laws to encompass sexual orientation, gender and disability, according to a CNN report . Current legislation allows for prosecution of crimes which are motivated by the victim's race, religion, color or national origin. About.com Poll Hate Crimes Legislation: Good thing. Bad thing. Current Results While the majority of hate crimes will continue to be prosecuted by state and local governments, Clinton and Reno argued today for broader federal laws to allow the federal government to assist state and local governments in their prosecutions. CNN also reported that the new legislation would "allow federal prosecutors to pursue a hate crime case if local authorities declined to press charges."

69. Behind CAIR's Hate Crimes Report in the United States 2004. Newspapers (the Washington Post in particular) dutifullygave prominent play to CAIR s claim that hate crimes against Muslims http://www.weeklystandard.com/Check.asp?idArticle=4054&r=aycfi

70. IACP - Publications - Publications The United States Department of Justice/United States Attorney hate crime TaskForce Initiative can serve as a model and a vehicle for coordinated efforts. http://www.theiacp.org/documents/index.cfm?fuseaction=document&document_id=160

71. ADL - The Page You're Looking For Has Moved Has Moved data, released in March, 1994, documented 7,442 hate crime incidents reported frommore than twice as many agencies, 6,181 representing 42 states and the http://www.adl.org/issue_government/hate_crime_statistics_act.html

Anti-Defamation League File Moved Click here to access the page or wait 5 seconds to be automatically redirected. Click here to go directly to the ADL Home Page

72. Map Of State Statutes 4. Some other states have regulations mandating such enhancement limited to the crimeof aggravated Utah Statute ties penalties for hate crimes to violations http://www.adl.org/99hatecrime/provisions.asp

Home Law Enforcement Search About ... Contact Hate Crimes Laws I. Introduction II. ADL Approach: a - Penalty Enhancement and the Inclusion of Gender b - Text of ADL Model Legislation c - Wisconsin's Penalty - Enhancement Statute III. Constitutionality IV. Other Means V. Federal Initiatives VI. Current Status State Hate Crime Laws Hate Crime Statistics: FBI overview Motivations for Hate Crimes E-Mail This Report Printable Version Help ADL Fight Hate Crimes! State Hate Crimes / Statutory Provisions Alabama - Idaho Illinois - Missouri Montana - Pennsylvania Rhode Island - Wyoming Alabama - Idaho AL AK AZ AR CA CO CT DC DE FL GA HI ID Bias-Motivated Violence and Intimidation Civil Action Criminal Penalty Race, Religion, Ethnicity Sexual Orientation Gender Other Institutional Vandalism Data Collection Training for Law Enforcement Personnel Illinois - Missouri IL IN IA KS KY LA ME MD MA MI MN MS MO Bias-Motivated Violence and Intimidation Civil Action Criminal Penalty Race, Religion, Ethnicity Sexual Orientation Gender Other Institutional Vandalism Data Collection Training for Law Enforcement Personnel Montana - Pennsylvania MT NE NV NH NJ NM NY NC ND OH OK OR PA Bias-Motivated Violence and Intimidation Civil Action Criminal Penalty Race, Religion

73. Hate Crimes gay men and lesbians in the United States and the need to do something about it.Beyond documenting the extent of the assaults, hate crimes explores their http://psychology.ucdavis.edu/rainbow/html/hate_crimes_book.html

Hate Crimes Confronting Violence Against Lesbians and Gay Men Edited by Kevin T. Berrill ISBN 0-8039-4542-6 (paper) Sage Publications Named an Outstanding Academic Book of 1992 by Choice Magazine , American Library Association. Recipient of a 1993 Myers Center Award for the Study of Human Rights in the United States. Overview Thousands of antigay crimes have been reported. Many thousands more go unacknowledged every year, the survivors fearing further victimization from a hostile society. A balance of science and advocacy, Hate Crimes seeks to understand this frightening phenomenon. This unique anthology will be indispensable to scientists, practitioners, and policy makers concerned about antigay violence as well as the broader issue of hate crimes against minority groups. Lay readers will find it disturbing and, at times, shocking. Beginning with an overview of antigay violence and victimization, the contributors consider such issues as: the social context of hate crimes; documenting victimization; the social psychology of bigotry and bashing; treatment and service interventions; violence against lesbian and gay male youths; conceptualizing antigay violence; and mental health consequences of antigay violence. Findings from empirical research and professional practice are juxtaposed with devastating first-person accounts by survivors of hate crimes. The editors conclude with implications for public policy. Ending hate crimes is everyone's responsibility. Readable and compelling

74. NGLTF - State + Local Organizing - Understanding Key Elements Of Hate Crimes Leg of the next higher penalty classification than the penalty classification prescribedfor the criminal offense. Other states will punish a hate crime by using http://www.thetaskforce.org/statelocal/hatecrimes.htm

Understanding Key Elements of Hate Crimes Legislation Overview of Hate Crimes Laws Currently 22 states and the District of Columbia (D.C.) punish hate crimes motivated by sexual orientation and four states plus D.C. include punishment for crimes based on gender identity. A total of 43 states plus D.C. have provisions in their criminal codes that deal with some form of bias-motivated or hate crime. The common denominator for all of these laws is bias-motivated criminal conduct that carries some form of additional or heightened penalty. Put another way, there are three key elements to all hate crimes laws: (1) bias motivation, (2) criminal conduct and (3) penalty enhancement. Based on these three elements, the scope of hate crimes laws varies from state to state, providing a wide range of ways in which a penalty enhancement is structured and applied. Some states, such as Tennessee (and the federal hate crimes law) tie bias-motivation to some interference with a state- or federally granted right in order to prosecute someone for a hate crime. This means, for example, that a person who assaults an Hispanic person to prevent that person from voting-which is a federal right-could be subject to prosecution under Tennessee's hate crimes statute. While most states require motivation against certain people based on very specific characteristics, a few states, including Texas and Georgia, require only that a person be motivated by prejudice. Some states provide that a wide range of specified crimes or that all crimes defined by the state may be prosecuted as a hate crime if bias is evident. Other states, such as New York, limit prosecution of a hate crime to only a few or even one specific underlying crime. Almost all penalty provisions have the same effect: to punish to a greater degree crime that is motivated by bias. The differences are in how the specific statutes arrive at that effect.

75. Publications - Criminal Justice Statistics Center - California Dept. Of Justice to support the expansion of the definition of hate crime to include to 1998 and comparesthese data against crime data for the United States less California http://caag.state.ca.us/cjsc/pubs.htm

OFFICE OF THE AG PUBLICATIONS CONTACT US SEARCH ... Feedback Publications Listed below are publications on criminal statistics available from the Attorney General's Office. Select General Publications or Crime and Violence Prevention for a list of other publications. The publications are available in PDF (Portable Document Formats). To open PDF files, download the free Adobe Acrobat Reader View a list of CJSC printed publications (1960 to present) in PDF format. Crime in California (previously named "Crime and Delinquency in California") Crime in California - Advance Release (previously named "Crime and Delinquency in California, Advance Release") Homicide in California Hate Crime in California Preliminary Report - CRIME In Selected California Jurisdictions January through June ... 1997 (HTML) or 1997 (PDF), Crime as Reported by Selected California Agencies January through September 2002 and 2003, ... Juvenile Justice in California, 2002 This annual report, the first report following the restoration of the Juvenile Court and Probation Statistical System, is organized to provide the reader with factual information about the personal and social characteristics of delinquents. The report contains specific information on juvenile population, race/ethnic groups, gender, numbers of arrests, referrals to probation departments, petitions, juvenile court dispositions, sustained offenses, and race/ethnic group representation. Concealable Firearms Charges in California

76. Campus Crime Statistics: Bucknell Public Safety NonCampus Buildings or Property. Public Property. hate-crime Information. Total. Non-CampusBuildings or Property. Public Property. hate-crime Information. Total. http://www.bucknell.edu/PublicSafety/crimestats.shtm

Bucknell Find People Site Index Search ... Admissions About Public Safety Contacts Who's Who Home Your Right to Know Students Right to Know Campus Crime Stats Crime Alerts Trespassing and Identification Checks ... Sexual Offender Registration CAMPUS CRIME STATISTICS Reporting System Crime Definitions Crime Definitions From the Uniform Crime Reporting Handbook Arson Any willful or malicious burning or attempt to burn, with or without intent to defraud, a dwelling house, public building, motor vehicle or aircraft, personal property of another, etc. Criminal Homicide-Manslaughter by Negligence The killing of another person through gross negligence. Criminal Homicide-Murder and Nonnegligent Manslaughter The willful (nonnegligent) killing of one human being by another. Robbery The taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear. Aggravated Assault An unlawful attack by one person upon another for the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated bodily injury. This type of assault usually is accompanied by the use of a weapon or by means likely to produce death or great bodily harm. (It is not necessary that injury result from aggravated assault when a gun, knife, or other weapon is used which could and probably would result in serious personal injury if the crime were successfully completed.)

77. The National Center For Victims Of Crime - Library/Document Viewer Community, State and National Responses. Fortysix states and the Districtof Columbia have enacted statues known commonly as “hate crime” laws. http://www.ncvc.org/ncvc/main.aspx?dbName=DocumentViewer&DocumentID=32356

78. State Action - Issues : Hate Crime Prevention - Overview States need to enact hate crime statutes if they do not already have them, oramend existing statutes to offer better protection to their residents. http://www.cfpa.org/issues/hatecrimes/index.cfm

STATE ISSUES Hate Crime Prevention - Overview Full briefing, including model legislation, as a PDF file. Model Legislation Resources Choose a State Issue Balancing State Budgets Bilingual Education Campaign Finance Reform Career Ladders for Child Care Workers Child Care Civil Liberties Civil Marriage Equality Clean Elections Contingent Work Contraceptive Equity Corporate Accountability Death Penalty - Juveniles Death Penalty Reform Dependent Care Tax Credit Digital Divide Domestic Violence Earned Income Tax Credit Education - Mandatory Testing Education - Safe Schools Education - SAGE Education - School Vouchers Education Policy Briefs Elder Care Election Reform Electronic Recording of Interrogations Emergency Contraception Emergency Contraception for Sexual Assault Victims Energy Efficiency Standards Enviromental Policy Environment - Bottle Bill Environment - Clean Power Plants Environment - Mercury Poisoning Prevention Environment - Wetlands Protection Equal Pay Estate Tax Decoupling Family Leave Benefits Gay and Transgender Anti-Discrimination Gun Lawsuit Preemption Gun Violence Prevention Hate Crime Prevention Health Clinic Protection Health Insurance - Universal Coverage Health Policies High Road - Apprenticeship Training Homeland Protection Housing - Expanding Low Income Access Housing - Inclusionary Zoning Housing - Predatory Lending Immigrants Immigrants - Driver's Licenses Immigrants - In-State Tuition Individual Development Accounts Initiative Campaign Funding Disclosure Living Wage Mandatory Arbitration Clauses Medical Marijuana

79. Terrorism: Q & A | Hate Crimes Are there special laws covering hate crimes? Laws in 45 states set additionalpenalties for crimes motivated by bias. (The underlying http://cfrterrorism.org/policy/hatecrimes.html

Table of Contents Home Afghanistan The Country ... Al-Qaeda (Afghanistan, Islamists) Osama bin Laden (al-Qaeda leader) Hamas, Islamic Jihad (Palestinian Islamists) Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades (Palestinian nationalists) PFLP, DFLP, PFLP-GC (Palestinian leftists) Hezbollah (Lebanon, Islamists) Jamaat al-Islamiyya, Egyptian Islamic Jihad (Egypt, Islamists) Armed Islamic Group (Algeria, Islamists) Kashmir Militant Extremists (Kashmir, Islamists) Mujahedeen-e-Khalq (Iranian rebels) Abu Nidal Organization (Iraq, extremists) Kach, Kahane Chai (Israel, extremists) Chechnya-based Terrorists (Russia, separatists) East Turkestan Islamic Movement (China, separatists) Kurdistan Workers’ Party (Turkey, separatists) Jemaah Islamiyah (Southeast Asia, Islamists) Abu Sayyaf Group (Philippines, Islamist separatists) Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (Sri Lanka, separatists) Irish Republican Army (U.K., separatists) IRA Splinter Groups (U.K., separatists) Northern Ireland Loyalist Paramilitaries (U.K., extremists) Basque Fatherland and Liberty (Spain, separatists) November 17, Revolutionary People’s Struggle

80. David Duke's Official Website The “hate crimes Statistics Act” requires states to determine if crimescommitted under their jurisdiction were motivated by prejudice. http://www.davidduke.com/hatecrimes/hatecrimelawsexplained.shtml

Press Releases Donate Online Online Catalog Daily Commentaries Hate Crime Laws Explained: The history and Future of Anti-Hate Legislation. How S625 Will Outlaw Free Speech EURO Hate Crime Action Plan 2002 The Color of Crime Report FBI Misclassifies Hispanics as White ... Hate Crime Laws Video. Would Anti-Hate Laws Make You a Lawbreaker? By Rev. Theodore Winston Pike Ominous legislation now before Congress contains a hidden agenda that could make criminals of Christians. In 1988 an evangelical pastor in Sweden opened his Bible to the story of Sodom and Gomorrah. He informed his congregation (which included homosexuals) that God is still angry at sexual perversion and will judge those who practice it. Several months later, this pastor was serving a four-week sentence in jail. He had violated Sweden’s “Anti-Hate” statute, a law that protects groups such as homosexuals from “verbal violence" — public statements which might cause them embarrassment because of their sexual orientation.

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