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         Court Systems State District & Local Courts:     more detail
  1. A local rules guide for Oklahoma Western District Bankruptcy Court by Richard L Bohanon, 1987
  2. A local rules guide for Oklahoma Northern District Bankruptcy Court by Mickey D Wilson, 1987
  3. Judicial Politics in the D.C. Circuit Court by Christopher P. Banks, 1999-09-02
  4. A local rules guide for Arizona District Bankruptcy Court, 1992 by Kevin E O'Brien, 1992
  5. A local rules guide for Colorado District Bankruptcy Court by Charles E Matheson, 1989
  6. A local rules guide for Louisiana Western district bankruptcy court by Henley A Hunter, 1988
  7. A local rules guide for Washington Western District Bankruptcy Court by Mary Jo Heston, 1988
  8. A local rules guide for the New England district bankruptcy courts by Charles F Vihon, 1989
  9. A local rules guide for Tennessee Western District Bankruptcy Court by Toni Campbell Parker, 1989
  10. A local rules guide for Washington Eastern District Bankruptcy Court by Robert D Miller, 1988
  11. Local bankruptcy practice manual for the Central District of California by Lisa Hill Fenning, 1991

21. RI District Court-District Court Homepage
has been divided into five divisions to provide easy geographic access to the court system. district court also hears violations of state and local
http://www.courts.state.ri.us/district/defaultdistrict.htm
var MenuLinkedBy='AllWebMenus [2]', awmBN='456'; awmAltUrl=''; District Court Affidavit for Non-Military Application for Entry of Default Bail Commissioners ... Small Claims Court Since most people appearing before a court in this state initially appear in District Court, this court has been divided into five divisions to provide easy geographic access to the court system. District Court jurisdiction includes small claims, violations of municipal ordinances and regulations, and misdemeanors when the right to a jury trial in the first instance has been waived. If a defendant invokes the right to a jury trial, the case is transferred to the Superior Court. Appeals from District Court decisions go to the Superior Court for trial de novo. Violations and hearings on involuntary hospitalization under the mental-health, drug-abuse, and alcoholism laws also fall under District Court jurisdiction. District Court hears appeals from and orders compliance with the subpoenas and rulings of the state tax administrator and several regulatory agencies and boards. District Court also hears violations of state and local housing codes except when a Municipal Court has been established to handle these matters. Decisions in all these areas are subject to review by the Supreme Court only.
Home
Supreme Superior Family ... Traffic Any questions or problems with this website please contact webmaster at
mferris@courts.state.ri.us

22. Massachusetts Court System Photo Caption - May 14, 2004
elevators and modern mechanical, electrical, plumbing and security systems. Chief Justice Designee of the district court in June; state Representative Kay
http://www.mass.gov/courts/press/pr051404pc.html
SEARCH Home Resources Photo Caption
PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICE
SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT
One Beacon Street, 3rd Floor
Boston, Massachusetts 02108
CONTACT: Joan Kenney/Bruce Brock
joan.kenney@sjc.state.ma.us
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE:
May 14, 2004
FESTIVE RIBBON CUTTING CEREMONY MARKS
NEWTON DISTRICT COURT'S RETURN
TO RENOVATED NEWTON TRIAL COURT
West Newton, MA Chief Justices, Newton District Court judges and court staff, legislators, members of the Executive Branch, Newton community leaders and residents, local law enforcement personnel and area high school students and teachers celebrated the return of the Newton District Court to its newly refurbished courthouse in West Newton with a ribbon cutting ceremony on May 13. Speakers at the ceremony, held outdoors under a sunny sky in front of the Newton Trial Court on Washington Street, included Supreme Judicial Court Chief Justice Margaret H. Marshall; Chief Justice for Administration and Management Robert A. Mulligan; District Court Chief Justice Samuel E. Zoll; Newton District Court First Justice Dyanne J. Klein; Newton District Court Clerk-Magistrate Henry H. Shultz; State Division of Capital Asset Management Commissioner David B. Perini;

23. United States District Court, District Of Alaska Local Rule 68 By Touch N' Go Sy
Presented by Touch N Go systems, Inc., and the Law Offices of agreement, release, or stipulation is obtained by the Superior court for the state of Alaska
http://touchngo.com/lglcntr/usdc/lclrules/lclru-68.htm
United States District Court
District of Alaska
Local Rule 68
Presented by Touch N' Go Systems, Inc., and the Law Offices of James B. Gottstein L.R 68.3 Settlements and Judgments in Favor of a Minor. (a) Power to Execute a Release, Stipulation, or Acknowledgment of Satisfaction of Judgment . A parent or legal guardian of a minor who asserts a claim on behalf of the minor against another person in the United States District Court has the power to execute a release, a stipulation for entry of judgment, or an acknowledgment of satisfaction of judgment. Any such release, stipulation, or acknowledgment shall be effective only if executed in compliance with the provisions of this rule. (b) Settlements . Subject to the provisions of subsection (d), a settlement agreement, release, or stipulation which has the effect of resolving or dismissing any claim by a minor shall be effective only if approval of the settlement agreement, release, or stipulation is obtained by the Superior Court for the State of Alaska pursuant to Alaska R. Civ. P. 90.2

24. United States District Court, District Of Alaska Local Rule 3 By Touch N' Go Sys
in the same state judicial district as the state court in which The court will decide on motion or sua sponte whether the Center Go to Touch N Go systems, Inc
http://touchngo.com/lglcntr/usdc/lclrules/lclru-3.htm
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF ALASKA
LOCAL RULE 3
Presented by Touch N' Go Systems, Inc., and the Law Offices of James B. Gottstein LR 3.1 Papers to Accompany Initial Filing. Every complaint or other document initiating a civil action or removing a civil action to this court shall be accompanied by a completed civil cover sheet, on a form available from the clerk, and a notice of related cases, if required by D. Ak. LR 40.2 . This requirement is for administrative purposes, and entries on the cover sheet do not affect the legal status of the action LR 3.2 Venue and Place of Trial. (a) An action in which venue is proper in the United States District Court for the District of Alaska may be commenced in any of the locations specified by 28 U.S.C. 81A . The court will decide on motion or sua sponte whether the action should be transferred to another location for case management or trial. (b) If an action was commenced in state court and is removed to federal court, the notice of removal may be filed in any statutory location, provided the clerk shall promptly thereafter transfer the removed action to the statutory location in the same state judicial district as the state court in which it was filed. Additionally, it shall be transferred to the same city if there is a federal statutory location in the same city. The court will decide on motion or sua sponte whether the action should be transferred to another location for case management or trial.

25. Programs: Read About All Of BJA's Funding Opportunities
and the district of Columbia), state courts, local courts, units of Programs Grants Management System (GMS Announcements Adult Drug court Implementation Grant
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/BJA/grant/drugcourts.html
Search BJA
Drug Court Discretionary Grant Program FY 2003
Adult PDF or ASCII
Juvenile PDF or ASCII
Family PDF or ASCII
Single Jurisdiction PDF or ASCII
Statewide PDF or ASCII
Resource Guide PDF or ASCII FY 2002 PDF or ASCII PDF or ASCII FY 2001 PDF FY 2000 PDF or ASCII FY 1999 PDF FY 1998 PDF or ASCII FYs 1996 and 1997
PDF
or ASCII
The application period is now CLOSED . BJA plans to announce the FY 2004 drug court discretionary grants in early Summer 2004. Overview:
The Drug Court Discretionary Grant Program provides financial and technical assistance to states, state courts, local courts, units of local government, and Indian tribal governments to develop and implement treatment drug courts that effectively integrate substance abuse treatment, mandatory drug testing, sanctions and incentives, and transitional services in a judicially supervised court setting with jurisdiction over nonviolent, substance-abusing offenders. Programs funded by Drug Court Discretionary Grant Program are required by law to target nonviolent offenders and must implement a drug court based on 10 key components. This program supports the following drug court activity:
  • Adult drug court implementation.

26. FedLaw Topical Index - M
Bankruptcy court; Minnesota state Bar; Minnesota state court System; of Justice in the state, EO 11053; and Southern district Bankruptcy courts Uniform local Rules;
http://www.thecre.com/fedlaw/topicalm2.htm

A-Ad
Af-Am An-Ar As-Az ... Z
M
  • Military - see also Armed Forces, Veterans, Reserves Military - Assigning Authority with Respect to Ordering Persons and Units in the Ready Reserve to Active Duty and with Respect to the Extension of Enlistments and Other Periods of Service in the Armed Forces, E.O. 10957 Military and Associated Terms Dictionary Military - Amending the Selective Service Regulations, E.O. 11119 ... Military Justice, Uniform Code
  • Military and Associated Terms Dictionary, Joint Publication 1-02 (PDF) Military and war Military justice term, glossary Military Justice, Uniform Code of ... Motor Vehicle Fleet Regulations and Policies MSPB - see also Merit Systems Protection Board MSPB Appeals MSPB Decisions, 1994-present Multiagency/GWAC Program Managers Compact: A Consensus on Principles Applicable to the Acquisition of Services under Multiagency Contracts and Governmentwide Acquisitions Multi-Employer Pension Plan Amendments Act of 1980 ... Z
    Back to FedLaw
  • 27. Focus On The Courts
    Site Search. Supreme court. court of Appeals. district courts. Online Records. Frequently Asked Questions. About Our courts. Our Judges. News. Families Children. Attorney Regulation. court Rules .
    http://www.judicial.state.ia.us/
    June 8, 2004 Site Search
    Show PRINTABLE
    Supreme Court

    Court of Appeals

    District Courts

    Online Records
    ...
    Administration

    Quick Links Directories Child Support Job Postings Site Guide Accessibility Legal Glossary Search Quick Links include other sections of interest not otherwise accessible from the main page.
    Site Contents
    Click Online Records Directories The mailing addresses and phone numbers of many offices in the Iowa Judicial Branch are located in this section. A listing of public hours for clerk of courts offices is now available. Video of Iowa Supreme Court oral argument in the case of Rants vs. Vilsack
    Online payment Use our convenient online service to pay fines for traffic and other simple misdemeanor violations. New Information for Court Interpreters
    Employment Opportunities (June 4, 2004) Court rule amendments (May 25, 2004) Court of Appeals files opinions (May 26, 2004) ... Court Starts Online Service for Fine Payments Online payment of fines and court fees assessed for scheduled and other simple misdemeanor violations is now available. 2002 Statistical Report of the Iowa Judicial Branch (July 28, 2003)

    28. Court Web Sites
    state court Web Sites includes local and municipal court Web sites. Federal court Web Sites. Dakota County district court. Minnesota state court System.
    http://www.ncsconline.org/D_KIS/info_court_web_sites.html
    Knowledge and Information Services SEARCH OUR SITE NCSC HOME LIBRARY - INFORMATION COURTOPICS ...
    REQUEST FORM
    Court Web Sites
    Electronic links to other Web sites are available for constituent convenience only. NCSC has no responsibility for or control over them, nor does NCSC necessarily endorse the contents. The National Center for State Courts accepts no responsibility for information found at other Web sites to which it links. To add your court Web site to the list email your request to webmaster@ncsc.dni.us State Court Web Sites Quick Jump Table A C D F ... W

    29. Trial Courts
    Commonly Asked Questions About Jury Service. Visit the NC Business court web site. Website Assistance for districts. district, COUNTY.
    http://www.aoc.state.nc.us/www/public/html/trial_courts.htm
    Search the Criminal Calendar by defendant name in all 100 counties.
    View or download raw criminal calendars. Commonly Asked Questions About Jury Service Visit the N.C. Business Court web site. ... Website Assistance for Districts DISTRICT COUNTY Camden Chowan Currituck Dare ... Technical Help

    30. District Of Oregon
    United States Bankruptcy court. district of Oregon. Welcome! Today is Sunday, 05/23/2004. Welcome!This Website Lists Recent court Updates and General Information. Click for court Addresses/Phone Numbers. Click re Forms/Filing. of the Bankruptcy court computer systems will be unavailable 1) Extensive local Form (LBF) Updates required for court's new Elec
    http://www.orb.uscourts.gov/
    United States Bankruptcy Court
    District of Oregon Welcome! Today is Tuesday, 06/08/2004.
    This website includes recent court updates and general information. Click for Court Addresses/Phone Numbers . Click re Forms/Filing . Click to access Case Information
    5/26/04 - THREE ITEMS: (1) Gen. Order (G.O.) #04-1 LBR/G.O. document; AND (3) 335, 720.90, 720.92, 1181 & 1181.2 [NOTE: See "REVISION NOTES" at end of INDEX for details!].

    5/1/04 - TWO Items: (1) Updated LBF INDEX AND LBF #s ECF Status Update
    3/31/04 - THREE Items: (1) Updated LBF #s 100, 104, 728, and 763.2; (2) FAQ Updates Chart re: adjustments to various dollar amounts
    1/04 - FOUR Items: (1) IRS mailing address updated re Eugene cases; (2) Fee List updated re: car mileage (37.5 AND (4) Ch. 12 expired 1/1/04.
    12/03 - TWO Items: (1) The court must again strictly enforce LBR 5001-2 requiring filing of documents in the proper office; AND REMINDER: Weather/Emergency court closures are announced via the Court's telephone answering system.
    11/03 - TWO Items: (1) Extensive Local Form (LBF) Updates required for court's new Elec. Case File (ECF) system;

    31. Alaska Court System Forms
    AP205 (2/04) / Appellee Instructions - district court to Superior court 20 May 2004 © Alaska court System www.state.ak.us/courts webmaster@courts.state.ak.us.
    http://www.state.ak.us/courts/forms.htm
    Alaska Court System Forms and Publications
    Administration Appeals Appellate Civil ... Forms Catalogs
    Legal form books provide sample language you may use on documents to file with the court. Some forms, such as those prepared by the Alaska Court System, are fill-in-the-blank, while others merely provide language that you will need to tailor to your situation. It is important to note that forms are not available for every situation. You will often have to create documents without the help of examples, and you should consider consulting an attorney to assist you. Each person's legal situation is unique. Court staff cannot advise you about what language to use and library staff cannot select forms for you. The Alaska Court System Forms Book contains official forms produced by the Court System. A few of these forms are available here. The forms are also available at all court locations , and the Forms Book is available for review at the Anchorage, Juneau and Fairbanks law libraries . Selected Alaska Appellate Court Forms are also available online.

    32. Home
    accommodates the district court, the Bankruptcy court, Pretrial Services and Offices and several state court offices. by U.S. district court Eastern New York, systems Dept
    http://www.nyed.uscourts.gov/
    Access to Information Notice: Administrative Order 2004-05 Request to Seal Documents)
    Access to the information on this system is currently available at no charge; however, a user fee, approved by the Judicial conference of the United States, may be applied in the future. W elcome to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York. The Eastern District has 14 Active Judges, 6 Senior Judges and 13 Magistrate Judges. The district comprises the counties of Kings, Nassau, Queens, Richmond, and Suffolk and concurrently with the Southern District, the waters within the counties of Bronx and New York. The Eastern District has a population of eight million people. The main courthouse, located at 225 Cadman Plaza East, is in the civic center of Brooklyn and is directly adjacent to Brooklyn Heights, the first Historic District named as such in the City of New York. Only a short distance from the courthouse's current location is the site of Gen. George Washington's escape to Manhattan during the American Revolution, an escape that ensured a later victory for his army. Cadman Plaza, itself was named after Samuel Parkes Cadman, a popular Brooklyn Minister in the early twentieth century who was one of the first to use radio as means to reach his audience.

    33. Alaska Court System - State And Federal Legal Resources
    of Alaska Home Page; US Bankruptcy court for the district of Alaska Rev. 11 May 2004 © Alaska court System www.state.ak.us/courts webmaster@courts.state.ak.us.
    http://www.state.ak.us/courts/fedlegal.htm
    State and Federal Legal Resources
    Federal Court Rules Federal Laws and Regulations Federal Opinions Federal Information Links ... U.S. Supreme Court
    U.S. Supreme Court
  • 1990 - current decisions
  • 1937 - 1975 decisions (v.300 - 422 U.S. Reports)
  • Selected Historic decisions
  • U.S. Supreme Court website
  • Oyez - U.S. Supreme Court multimedia database, including tapes of oral arguments
  • Curiae Project - selected U.S. Supreme Court records and briefs Return to top
    Federal Opinions and Court Information
  • History of the Federal Judiciary
  • Map of Federal Judicial Circuits First Circuit Court of Appeals
  • Court website
  • 1995-2001 decisions via Emory University School of Law Second Circuit Court of Appeals
  • Court website
  • 1995-2002 decisions via Pace Law School Third Circuit Court of Appeals
  • Court website
  • 1994-current decisions via Villanova University School of Law Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals
  • Court website
  • 1995-2001 decisions via Emory University School of Law Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals
  • Court website
  • 1992-current decisions via University of Texas School of Law Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals
  • Court website
  • 1994-1999 decisions via Emory University of School of Law Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals
  • Court website Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals
  • Court website Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals
  • Court website Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals
  • Court website
  • 1995-1997 decisions via Emory University of School of Law
  • 1997-current decisions via Washburn University School Law Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals
  • Court website
  • 1994-current decisions via Emory University of School of Law
  • 34. Grays Harbor County - District Court And Your Local Court System
    the state to fund state trauma care and the judicial information system. adult probation supervision fees) are not shared with the state, but a court Funding.
    http://www.co.grays-harbor.wa.us/info/judicial/
    Grays Harbor County District Court Montesano Office:
    County Courthouse
    102 W. Broadway
    Room 202A
    Montesano, WA 98563
    Tel. (360) 249-3441
    Fax (360) 249-6382
    Aberdeen Office:
    Pearsall Building
    2109 Sumner Ave.,
    Room 201 PO Box 142 Aberdeen, WA 98520 Tel. (360) 532-7061 Fax (360) 532-7704 District Court Probation: Room 106 County Courthouse Montesano, WA 98563 Tel.(360)249-6868 Fax (360)249-6871 Public Information About Court Proceedings Your district court judges and staff have available at the court offices pamphlets providing information on the following topics: The Grays Harbor County law library is located on the second floor of the county courthouse in Montesano. Library hours 8 AM to 5 PM Monday through Friday. Check for librarian's schedule at library if you need assistance.

    35. Alaska Court System
    Alaska court System Information The Superior court. In rural areas of the state where fulltime Superior or district court judges are not required
    http://justice.uaa.alaska.edu/rlinks/courts/ak_courts.html
    Resource index Alaska Court System
    Nenana District Court
    Click on the picture to learn more. The Alaska Court System is highly centralized, comprising four levels of state courts organized into four judicial districts, entirely state-administered and funded. Two of these, the Alaska Supreme Court and the Superior Court, were established by the Alaska Constitution. The District Court was established by statute in 1959, the Court of Appeals in 1980. There are no separate juvenile courts in Alaska. For information about tribal courts, which are not part of the Alaska Court System, see
    See also:
    Courts
    Courts Rules of court for courts in Alaska
    Legal research ...
    Alaska Court System
    Links to recent appellate court decisions (slip opinions), Alaska Rules of Court, Alaska Court System press releases, and other resources maintained by the staff of the Alaska Court Libraries, including court rules and slip opinions. See Alaska court decisions and Alaska Rules of Court for Alaska court resources useful in conducting legal research.

    36. Judicial Branch - State Court Systems In The United States Of America
    Judicial Branch state court systems in the United states of 1890) Statutory court IN district FOR state. county, • City court Statutory court IN and FOR
    http://www.thegreenpapers.com/slg/scs.phtml
    Judicial Branch
    State Court Systems in the United States of America
    Portrait Format Landscape Format State Court of Last Resort Court(s) of Intermediate
    Appellate Jurisdiction Court of General Trial
    Jurisdiction Court(s) of Limited
    Jurisdiction Court(s) of Special
    Jurisdiction Alabama Supreme Court (1819) Constitutional Court [IN and FOR: State] Court of Appeals (1910-1969) Statutory Court [IN and FOR: State]
    Court of Civil Appeals (1969) Statutory Court [IN and FOR: State]
    Court of Criminal Appeals (1969) Statutory Court [IN and FOR: State] Circuit Court (1819) Constitutional Court [IN: circuit FOR: county] County Court (1977) Statutory Court [IN and FOR: county]
    Recorder's Court (1977) Statutory Court [FOR: municpality]
    Justices of the Peace (1819-1977) Constitutional Court [IN and FOR: county-1875: precinct]
    District Court (1975) Statutory Court [FOR: county] Municipal Court (1975) Statutory Court [IN and FOR: municipality] Chancery Court (1819) Probate Court (1819) Constitutional Court [IN and FOR: county] Alaska Supreme Court (1960) Constitutional Court [FOR: statewide] Court of Appeals (1980) Statutory Court [FOR: statewide] District Court (1884-1959) Constitutional Court [FOR: entire District(-1912-)Territory] Superior Court (1959) Constitutional Court [FOR: borough or equivalent] Municipal Court (1912-1959) Statutory Court [FOR: municipality] District Court (1959) Statutory Court [FOR: judicial district] Magistrate Court (1960) Statutory Court [FOR: municipality] Commissioners' Court (1900-1959) Constitutional Court [FOR: entire District(-1912-) Territory]

    37. Judicial Branch - State Court Systems In The United States Of America
    Judicial Branch state court systems in the United states of of Appeals (1890) Statutory court IN district FOR state. City court Statutory court IN and FOR
    http://www.thegreenpapers.com/slg/scs.phtml?format=portrait

    38. Administrative Office Of The Courts
    and employment opportunities in the court system, as well CIRCUIT courtS FOR THE 16 TH JUDICIAL district. with the entry of this order, the court is releasing
    http://www.tsc.state.tn.us/
    Appellate Courts
    Appellate Court Clerk

    Trial Court Judges
    Current Rules ...
    Videos
    The Tennessee Court System provides this site as a public service, offering convenient public access to court reports, court information, and employment opportunities in the court system, as well as Tennessee Appellate Court opinions. Information posted on this site is believed to be accurate, but is not guaranteed Sharon Gail Lee Selected to Fill Court of Appeals Nashville Governor Phil Bredesen today announced that Monroe County native Sharon Gail Lee will fill a position on the Tennessee Court of Appeals, Eastern Section. Lee has practiced law for 26 years. A sole practitioner, Lee began her law career with J.D. Lee and Associates in Madisonville in 1978, and worked in various partnerships until she established the Sharon G. Lee Law Office in 2001. Lee has vast experience in civil and criminal law, with a primary emphasis on tort practice. She has worked as county attorney for Monroe County since 1991, and also serves as city attorney for Madisonville and Vonore. She is a Rule 31 family mediator.
    -mor
    NOTICE OF JUDICIAL SELECTION
    Court of Criminal Appeals - Western Section Pursuant to the provisions of Tennessee Code Annotated Section 17-4-101 et seq ., notice is hereby given that the Judicial Selection Commission will meet in Jackson (date, time and location to be announced at a later date), to initiate the process of filling the vacancy in the Court of Criminal Appeals, Western Section.

    39. Courts Administration Authority South Australia
    principal motive behind this was to bring the South Australian court system more into result that it has now become the principal trial court in the state.
    http://www.courts.sa.gov.au/courts/district/history.html

    Compared with the eastern States, South Australia was fairly late in establishing its District Court. Victoria, for example, had formed its Country Court as early as 1852, while New South Wales and Queensland formed their District Courts in 1858 and 1865 respectively. It was not until a little over a century later that South Australia had its own equivalent. In 1981, by the Statutes Amendment (Administration of Courts and Tribunals) Act 1981 No. 34, District Criminal Courts and Local Courts of Full Jurisdiction were designated as District Courts. Thus, no longer were there separate Local Courts sitting in their Full Jurisdiction and District Criminal Courts, but just one District Court exercising the same powers. The principal motive behind this was to bring the South Australian court system more into line with the way courts were organised in most of the other Australian States and also to enhance the status of the District Court. Unfortunately, the legislation did not completely achieve this object and the District Court, despite being unified, still did not have a separate Act of Parliament of its own. That was to change in 1991. Thus, within a span of just three decades, the District Court of South Australia has come of age. From being somewhat hastily grafted onto an already existing legislation and given very limited powers, it is now constituted by its own Act and entrusted with the bulk of trial work.

    40. USIS -- Issues Of Democracy, September 1999 -- U.S. Courts
    Each state, as well as the district of Columbia Rico, has its own independent judicial system, that operates The highest court in each state is the ultimate
    http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/itdhr/0999/ijde/fine.htm
    HOW THE U.S. COURT SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
    By Toni M. Fine

      The U.S. Constitution establishes a system of federalism under which the federal government is granted limited authority, with all remaining authority left to the states. This model of shared powers defines the relationship between the federal and state courts. In this overview of the various levels of the U.S. courts, Toni M. Fine, associate director of the Global Law School Program at New York University Law School, explains how the court system functions. It is something of a myth to speak about a single U.S. court system because the U.S. judicial system is in reality composed of multiple autonomous courts. There is the federal court system, an integrated system divided into numerous geographic units and various levels of hierarchy; in addition, each state has its own court system with a system of local courts that operate within the state. Under this dual federal/state court structure, the U.S. Supreme Court is the final arbiter of federal law, while the highest court of each state (usually called supreme courts) has the ultimate authority to interpret matters of the law of its state. When federal constitutional or statutory matters are involved, the federal courts have the power to decide whether the state law violates federal law. The functioning of these systems is complicated by the fact that there are multiple sources of law, and courts of one system are often called upon to interpret and apply the laws of another jurisdiction. In addition, more than one court may have sovereignty to hear a particular case.

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