81. Coffee Tour Costa Rica: Coffee History And Plantation Tour Coffee Tour costa rica offers its visitors a unique opportunity to learn aboutthe history of coffee, visit a costa rica coffee plantation and roastery at http://www.coffeetour.com/

Learn about coffee in a fun and enchanting way!

82. A Short History Of Costa Rica facts, maps, flags and pictures from countries around the world. A Short historyof costa rica. Search Google for another short history of costa rica. http://www.abacci.com/atlas/history.asp?countryID=177

83. Frommers.com : Destinations : Central & South America : Costa Rica : In Depth : Early history. Little is known of costa rica s history before itscolonization by Spanish settlers. The preColumbian Indians who http://www.frommers.com/destinations/costarica/0219020044.html

This Country Entire Site Guidebooks Deals M. Boards Destinations Costa Rica In Depth History Costa Rica Central Paci Costa Rica's Costa Rica's Guanacaste a Northern Cos San Jose, Co Overview Health and Safety Planning a Trip In Depth ... Expanded Index Deals From Our Sponsor Tambor Beach 7 nt 5 star All Incl $799 8 days Surfing Costa Rica 4x4 Jeep Experience Costa Rica Getaway for $499 Community Message Boards Photo Gallery History Early History Little is known of Costa Rica's history before its colonization by Spanish settlers. The pre-Columbian Indians who made their home in this region of Central America never developed the large cities or advanced culture that flowered farther north in what would become Guatemala, Belize, and Mexico. However, from scattered excavations around the country, primarily in the northwest, ancient artifacts have been unearthed, indicating a strong sense of aesthetics. Beautiful gold and jade jewelry, intricately carved grinding stones, and artistically painted terra-cotta objects point toward a small but highly skilled population. Spain Settles Costa Rica The earliest Spanish settlers found that, unlike the Indians farther north, the native population of Costa Rica was unwilling to submit to slavery. Despite their small numbers, scattered villages, and tribal differences, they fought back against the Spanish until they were overcome by superior firepower and European diseases. When the fighting was finished, the European settlers in Costa Rica found that there were very few Indians left to force into servitude. The settlers were thus forced to till their own lands, a situation unheard of in other parts of Central America. Few pioneers headed this way because they could settle in Guatemala, where there was a large native workforce. Costa Rica was nearly forgotten, as the Spanish crown looked elsewhere for riches to plunder and souls to convert.

84. Costa Rica Natural History Books costa rica Natural history Books. INSECTS. The Butterflies of costa ricaand Their Natural history, Vol. I Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae. http://costa-rica-guide.com/Books/NaturalHist.html

Costa Rica Books Costa Rica Book Categories guidebooks field guides birding language/phrasebooks ... e-books Recommended Collections for Naturalists/Scientist Budget Backpackers Adventure Seekers Free Costa Rica Natural History Books general plants animals insects ... Costa Rican Natural History The bible of Costa Rican plants, animals and insects. This is the one book you will find on the shelves of every research station, park, and preserve. Highly Recommended by Daniel H. Janzen (Editor), Paperback, 816 pages, Publisher: University of Chicago Press, (November 1983), ISBN: 0226393348 Tropical Nature : Life and Death in the Rain Forests of Central and South America A series of essays by the two authors (Forsyth mainly in Costa Rica, Miyata mainly in Ecuador). Chapters include, epiphytes, bugs and drugs, army ants, artful guises, Jerry's maggot, night walks. The authors encourage you to get to know the rainforest by hanging out there. The writing style is much more original and engaging than many authors that have attempted the same book. For example there is a chapter (fertility) on pooping in the woods, then waiting and watching as the rainforest assimilates your contribution to fertility.

85. Ethics And History Of Development And Health Care - Costa Rica - MSU Office Of S Ethics and history of Development and Health Care in costa rica. Ethicsand history of Development and Health Care costa rica. http://studyabroad.msu.edu/programs/costaethics.html

Information for: Information on: Ethics and History of Development and Health Care - Costa Rica Summer Semester (US) June 1 - July 24, 2004 Summer 2004 waitlisted Arranged through the Office of Study Abroad (OSA) What's this program about? At a time when all countries, including the United States, struggle to deliver equitable and affordable health care services that meet public needs and expectations, it is useful to see how other countries provide health care. This program examines the health care system in Costa Rica, a developing nation that has in many ways been successful in providing health care and other services. We will look historically and culturally at how its health care system came to be, and how it operates within the present political and social milieu. We will also examine from an ethical point of view the dilemmas that arise in providing health care effectively, efficiently and fairly, with limited resources. And we will compare how analogous issues arise and are dealt with in the United States. Students will be able to study and see first-hand how health care is being provided in a number of settings. We will also hear from a variety of local speakers who are health care professionals and people concerned with health care policy.

86. Travel For Kids: Costa Rica Get to know the people and places of costa rica – history and mystery of thefirst people, city and rural life, food and sports, tico music and art. http://www.travelforkids.com/Funtodo/Costa_Rica/costarica.htm

fun things to do with your kids in Costa Rica Costa Rica is a treasure trove of animal life, volcanoes and rain forests. Animal life includes not just crowd-pleasers like sea turtles, boa constrictors, toucans and macaws. One friend says, "Kids love the insects. There is such a diversity of life growing on the jungle floor. My girls sat for hours watching leaf-cutter ants or a snake eat a frog (it was a slow process)." Central Valley Caribbean Zone Northern Zone Monteverde Fun Books (and Stuff) Song of La Selva Joan Banks, Higgins Bond Red-Eyed Tree Frog Joy Cowley, Nic Bishop Morpha Michael Tennyson, Jennifer H. Yoswa Morpha, a shiny new butterfly, gets advice from an older wiser butterfly about how to survive in the rain forest. While looking for her favorite food, decaying fruit, Morpha runs into friends from her caterpillar days, the leaf-cutter ants. A friendly slug gives her tips on camouflage techniques. (Picture book) Rain, Rain, Rain Forest

87. WHKMLA : History Of Costa Rica, 1838-1889 DOCUMENTS, Map of Northern costa rica 1861, from Perry Castaneda Library, UTexas,taken from This page is part of World history at KMLA First posted in 2001 http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/centramerica/costarica183889.html

Costa Rica, 1839-1889 Independence had been declared on November 14th 1838. A republican constitution had been passed in 1848. In 1857, Costa Rica joined other Central American governments in expelling adventurer WILLIAM WALKER from Nicaragua, which he had partially conquered and where he had usurped the presidency. TOMAS GUARDIA, president 1870-1882 with two short interruptions in 1873-1874 and 1876, was a dominating figure in Costa Rican history. The traditional influence of the coffee-growing plantation owners on the country's politics was broken in 1889, when a democratic constitution was adopted. COFFEE was introduced as a plantation crop; the coffee-growing plantation owners soon became a powerful group, dominating the country's policy. BANANA cultivation was introduced in 1874 by the UNITED FRUIT COMPANY. In 1843, the UNIVERSITY OF SAN JOSE was founded. Ecclesiastically, Costa Rica was part of the Diocesis of Leon (Nicaragua) until 1850, when the DIOCESIS OF COSTA RICA with seat in San Jose was established. In 1905 the country had a population of 340.000. List of Presidents of Costa Rica, 1849-1889

88. Costa Rica Map - Coffee Section Home About costa rica Coffee Section. COFFEE SECTION. history of costa ricanCoffee. Coffee came to costa rica in the last decade of the eighteenth century. http://www.costaricamap.com/ing/aboutcafe.html

Costa Rica Travel Information General Information Costa Rica Paradise Important Tips ... About Costa Rica Coffee Section COFFEE SECTION History of Costa Rican Coffee Coffee came to Costa Rica in the last decade of the eighteenth century. Its arrival on national scene was discrete, but definitive. Slowly and with perseverance that great works demand, coffe growing expanded over the high lands of the Central Valley. The brotherhood of coffee farmers, both large and small, formed the basis that allowed Costa Rica to become the first Central American country to establish coffee as an industry. It was in 1854, when a visionary group of local exporters undertook the complex task of exporting coffee directly to London. In this they were helped by the cooperation of William Le Lacheur Lyon, captain of the English ship "Monarch", who transported several one hundred our coffee into the "grain of gold" we know today. The growing and commercialization of the coffee changed the face of that humble, one time colony that dozed lethargically in corner of the Empire. Our country was modernized. The young Costa Rican intellectuals could now continue their post secondary studies in England and come back as doctors, engineers and entrepreneurs, contributing to the improvement of the life style of all Costa Ricans. Different kinds of Costa Rican Coffee CAFE LA CARPINTERA: La Carpintera Hill, resembling and island in the middle of the Central Valley, captures the goodness of the climate from the plateful, with the conditions of the highlands. These characteristic are unique for producing the best quality coffee possible. Its soil is extremely fertile. A pleasent climate all the year round with un excellent temperature for the coffee cropping, brings to the cup an exquisite balance between body, aroma and acidity.

89. Introduction To Mal Pais, Costa Rica - History, Pictures, Map, Surf, Flowers, Be Mal Pais The Place. Piñon Rock - Mal Pais Landmark. You ve been here before .It s the place of golden light and warmth and soft, green shade. http://www.costarica-beachrentals.com/mpplace/place.htm

Mal Pais - The Place Piñon Rock - Mal Pais Landmark You've been here before It's the place of golden light and warmth and soft, green shade. Of the tranquil play of sea, sky and forest, of furious thunderstorms before velvet nights of stars and fireflies. It is where life is lived to the moon's cycle; where grownups always have time for the children; where work is fishing or ranching, building or planting, and play is dancing and surfing, fiestas and football. And dozens of species coexist without endangering each other. When you were a kid, you wanted to live here. Mal Pais has been in your mind's eye forever. You thought you imagined it, but you didn't. You remembered it. It's real. Mal Pais is a long thin village with houses, restaurants, and small hotels strung sparsely on three kilometers of gravel road parallel to the ocean. Immediately to the north is Santa Teresa. Cabo Blanco Nature Preserve is to the South. Look at The Houses of Mal Pais Hotels Real Estate

90. Costa Rica Information, Pictures, Maps,Travel Flora, Fauna, Weather, Criminal We costa rica Information, Pictures, history, Maps,Travel Flora, Fauna, Weather,Trees, Beaches, Parks, Wildlife Reserves, Nature, and Geography. http://www.1-costaricalink.com/costa_rica_information.htm

Other languages! Deutsch Nederlands Costa Rica Information Costa Rica Information Hotels Hotels by Map Adventure Tours ... Home 1-costaricalink.com www. Costa Rica Information Index A-Z: About Squirrel Monkeys Costa Rica's Squirrel Monkeys Alajuela Costa Rica Province Information Amphibians (list of species around Dominical) Beaches Many Costa Rica Beaches Birds (list of species around Dominical) Books Travel-Guides, Costa Rica Nature Conservation, etc. Cartago Costa Rica Province Information Criminal Webmasters in Costa Rica A Warning Fruit-Trees (list of species around Dominical) Guanacaste Costa Rica Province Information Heredia Costa Rica Province Information Costa Rica Province Information Lumber-Trees (list of species around Dominical) Mammals (list of species around Dominical) Maps Big and small Costa Rica Maps Orchids (list of species around Dominical) Palm-Trees (list of species around Dominical) Parks National Parks and Wildlife Reserves Pictures and Photo Tours of Costa Rica Plants (list of species around Dominical) Provinces Costa Rica Provinces Puntarenas Costa Rica Province Information Regions The Regions of Costa Rica Reptiles (list of species around Dominical) Costa Rica Province Information Trees (ilustrated) Trees (list of species around Dominical) Weather Costa Rica Weather and CNN Weather Channel Some Facts Coordinates: 10 00 N, 84 00 W, Land: 51,100 sq km, Water: 440 sq km, Islands: Isla del Coco, Boundaries: 639 km, Coastline: 1,290 km, Climate: Tropical and subtropical, Population: 3,800,000 est., Life expectation male: 74, Life expectaition female: 79, Literacy: 95%, Name: Republica de Costa Rica, Government type: Democtratic republic, National Holiday: 15th. of September, Legal System: Spanish Civil Law System, Legal Age: 18, Education: Universal and compulsory, Growth rate GDP: 3% est., Inflation Rate: 11% est., Unemployment: 5% est., Budget: 2 Billion est., Electricity: 5.805 billion kWh est., Export f.o.b: 6,1 billion est.

91. COSTA RICA INFO - EXPEDICIONES TROPICALES, Costa Rica Hotels history The first European explorer to encounter costa rica, ChristopherColumbus, arrived on September 18, 1502. This was his forth http://www.costaricainfo.com/general/history/history.html

COSTA RICA INFO OUR TOURS HOTELS LOCAL FLIGHTS ... HISTORY History The first European explorer to encounter Costa Rica, Christopher Columbus, arrived on September 18, 1502. This was his forth and final journey to the New World. A crowd of local Carib Indians greeted his crew warmly as he was setting anchor off shore. Later, the Spaniard Gil Gonzalez Davila named the country Costa Rica, or Rich Coast, impressed by the golden bands that natives were wearing in their noses and ears. Military rule has headed the country from time to time, but it has not been extremely violent like in the rest of Central America. In 1870 General Tomas Guardia made some of the country's most progressive reforms in taxation, education, and military policy. Historical facts, during and little after the civil war, are not totally clear due to the social instability of this period but it is known that important reforms were made under Ferrer's leadership. Women and blacks gained the vote, banks were nationalized, the communist party was banned and presidential term limits were established. Ferrer was immensely popular, creating a political legacy that lives today. In 1987 the Costa Rican president Oscar Arias Sanchez gained world recognition as he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. He was able to get all five Central American presidents to sign his peace plan, that proposed the ending of the internal conflicts between governments and local insurrection forces. Because of this initiative, Nicaragua is now experiencing relative stability, ending its civil war between the Sandinistas and the Contras.

92. Student And Teacher Educational Natural History Tour Of Costa Rica's Ecosystems Student tour, student trip, student travel, educational travel, teacher travel,natural history tour,costa rica, rainforest, rain forest, cloudforest, cloud http://www.nathab.com/Student Travel Ultimate Costa Rica trip/

Ultimate Costa Rica A rainforest, cloud forest and coastal adventure specially designed for teachers and students! TWO FREE TEACHERS WITH 12 PAYING STUDENTS Come to Costa Rica, and journey into a land of unparalleled biodiversity, a land where life thrives in astonishing abundance and with thrilling exuberance. Explore verdant cloud forests, where heavy mists blanket towering trees, tangled vines, and countless orchids. Watch from the safety of a cozy rainforest lodge as fiery magma spews from an active volcano, illuminating the night sky. Bask in the serenity of an immaculate white-sand beach and find underwater wonders just offshore. Over 27% of Costa Rica is protected from development, and travel here is based on responsible eco-tourism. Join us for the educational adventure of a lifetime! Itinerary back to top Day 1: San Jose, Costa Rica Upon our arrival in San Jose, we will be met at the airport and transferred to the Hotel Comfort Real. Day 2: Santa Elena Cloud Forest Reserve Day 3: Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve Today we visit the Monteverde Reserve, the most famous wildlife spot in Costa Rica. There are at least 400 bird species here, including the three-wattled bellbird not easily seen but frequently heard, over 100 species of mammals and an estimated 2500 species of plants. In this misty forest with dense vegetation, we will find many wild relatives of familiar tropical houseplants including philodendrons, ficus trees, bromeliads and ferns. Orchids abound with over 300 species occurring here. The rainforest canopy rises 125 feet high and the diversity of flora and fauna throughout the eight distinct ecological communities at Monteverde make it a paradise for the nature lover. In the afternoon, we will visit a local butterfly sanctuary.

93. COSTA RICA Birding Trip To Benefit KRP costa rica BIRDING NATURAL history PACIFIC to ATLANTIC,COAST to CLOUD FOREST. 4 January – 18 January 2003. http://www.valleywild.org/costa_rica.htm

PACIFIC to ATLANTIC, COAST to CLOUD FOREST 4 January – 18 January 2003 HOME DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FESTIVALS ... VISITORS TRIP FULL!!!!!!! Waiting List of Four People!!!!!!!!! MURRELET HALTERMAN and BOB BARNES present a natural history and general birding field trip to Costa Rica to benefit Audubon-California’s Friends of the Kern River Preserve and the Southern Sierra Research Station TRIP FULL!!!!!!! Waiting List of Four People!!!!!!!!! LEADERS: Murrelet Halterman with SSRS and Bob Barnes with Audubon California Murrelet Halterman is Project Director with the Southern Sierra Research Station with a MS degree from California State University, Chico where she conducted her masters thesis research on habitat use of the Yellow-billed Cuckoo. She has worked on research projects as diverse as ecology of the Spotted Owl, riparian breeding bird surveys, salamander distribution, and carnivore surveys. Murrelet has assisted on research projects in Costa Rica and Ecuador. She has traveled extensively in Latin America for the past eleven years and has led seven benefit field trips and spent over twelve months in Costa Rica during that time. She has also led benefit trips to Ecuador. Murrelet is currently enrolled in the Ph.D. program at the University of Nevada, Reno, furthering her study and understanding of Yellow-billed Cuckoos.

94. Costa Rica 2004 Natural History Tour costa rica A Natural history Tour Offered by the New York BotanicalGarden February 211, 2004. Leaders Scott Mori Carol Gracie http://www.nybg.org/bsci/cr04_flyer.html

C osta R ica: A Natural History Tour Offered by the New York Botanical Garden February 2-11, 2004 A lthough Costa Rica is only the size of West Virginia, it encompasses a wide variety of habitats. On this trip, our first to this popular destination since 1995, we will explore the southern part of the country, visiting rain forest and beaches in the lowlands and cloud forest and paramo in the highlands. Costa Rica is a botanist’s delight, home to over 1000 species of orchids alone. Birders will be enchanted by sightings of colorful tropical birds – purple-crowned fairies, emerald toucanets – and, with luck, the resplendent quetzal. O ur first night will be spent in a lovely hotel in the hills overlooking San Jose. We depart the following morning for the highlands in the Talamanca Mountain range, staying for two nights in cozy mountain cabins in the San Gerardo valley. Here we’ll explore the nearby lush cloud forest with trees festooned with orchids, bromeliads, ferns, and mosses. L as Cruces Biological Station and the Wilson Botanical Garden, close to the Panamanian border, are our next destinations. At the Botanical Garden we will visit one of the most important collections of tropical and subtropical plants in Central America, with over 2,000 native species, and the second largest collection of palms in the world. The surrounding Las Cruces Forest Reserve is composed of primary and secondary montane forest and is part of the Amistad Biosphere Reserve, an international Park formed jointly by Costa Rica and Panama. Manakins, aracaris, cotingas, and hummingbirds can be seen here. We’ll stay two nights in this area.

95. A Photographic History Of Costa Rica 1910 site is in memory of my mother s family Fernando Rudin Hefti, son of Juan Rudin Iselin,Professor and Astronomer who emigrated from Switzerland to costa rica. http://www.oldfort.org/Rudin/

A photographic journey into the early 1910-1940s. My Great Grandfather is sitting, while his son's work. My grandfather is the youngest. This site is in memory of my mother's family Fernando Rudin Hefti, son of Juan Rudin Iselin, Professor and Astronomer who emigrated from Switzerland to Costa Rica. My great uncles Max and Alberto Rudin took hundreds of stereo photographs in the early 1900's. I have scanned them and put them in some sort of order. I hope sharing these photos with historians and family will be of some help. All images are thumbnails, to expand just click on them and they will expand to full view. Use your back button to return to the thumbnails. Our Family farm in Tivives is currently FOR SALE, 201 Hectareas, about 497 acres, with Pacific Ocean frontage, rivers and esteros. I spent many days in the small farm house on this cliff. I brought my wife here on our honeymoon in 1974. It was to this farm my grandfather sent me to learn Spanish on my return to my homeland in 1960s, it was either learn Spanish or go hungry. Civilization has now reached this part of Costa Rica, never again will I ride the train from San Jose to the depot outside of our farm and ride horses for hours to reach the farm. Never again will I sit on a horse at sunset and watch the cattle silhouetted against the moon. Never again will I sit on the porch and read Tarzan paperback books by candlelight. Never again will I be so totally at peace with nature. Richard H. Acrivos, Old Fort, North Carolina

96. CIA - The World Factbook -- Costa Rica Basic information about the country's geography, population, government, and infrastructure. http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/cs.html

Select a Country Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Arctic Ocean Argentina Armenia Aruba Ashmore and Cartier Islands Atlantic Ocean Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas, The Bahrain Baker Island Bangladesh Barbados Bassas da India Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Clipperton Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Cook Islands Coral Sea Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Europa Island Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern and Antarctic Lands Gabon Gambia, The

97. Costa Rica Tourism Board Official travel website of the costa rica Tourism Board. http://www.visitcostarica.com

English I I Deutsch I Français How to get there General Info What to do ... Car rental companies Online reservations flights hotels cars tours Search Main Menu Home Events Calendar Maps of Costa Rica Photo gallery ... Contact us News SPAIN AND COSTA RICA WILL BE UNITED BY A FLIGHT By the end of the month, Spain and Costa Rica will be united by a direct flight. This will be possible after the inaugural flight of Spanish airline Air Madrid, to be held on May ... more... COSTA RICA IS MORE ATTRACTIVE THAN HAWAII Costa Rica took over Hawaii’s place as best adventure destination last year, as revealed by the publication Pacific Business News, of Honolulu. An annual study performed among 6 thousand specialists in luxury travels, by the independent tr... more... REGIONAL TOURISM FAIR Tourism managers have their sights on European markets, hoping that the regional fair may consolidate Central America as a multiple destiny. Costa Rica’s tourism sector is ready t... more... Maps Weather Pacific: THUNDERSTORMS. MOSTLY CLOUDY. WARM. Max. 31°C

98. Costa Rica Pr©sentation g©n©rale du pays et de son histoire propos©e par l'Universit© canadienne de Laval. http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/amsudant/costa_rica.htm

République du Costa Rica Costa Rica República de Costa Rica Capitale San José Population: 3,8 millions (1998) Langue officielle: espagnol Groupe majoritaire: espagnol (90 %) Groupes minoritaires: créole à base d’anglais, maléku (ou guatuso), cabécar (ou chirripó), bribri et brunca, Plautdietsch. Système politique: république unitaire formée de sept provinces Articles constitutionnels (langue): art. 15 et 76 de la Constitution de 1949 révisée en 2001 Lois linguistiques: la Loi indigène Ley Indígena ), no 6172, du 16 novembre1977; la Loi sur l’inscription et la reconnaissance indigène Ley de Inscripción y Cedulación Indígena ), no 7225, du 2 avril 1991; la Convention no 169 relative aux peuples indigènes et tribaux de l'Organisation international du travail (adoptée en 1992); la loi no 7426 août 23 de 1994 sur la culture; la Loi sur la promotion de la compétence et de la défense effective du consommateur Ley de Promocion de la Competencia y Defensa Efectiva del Consumidor ), no 7472 du 20 décembre 1994; la

99. Travelogues By Eric Hauser Travelogues from trips to Egypt, Jordan, Syria, costa rica, Eastern and Western Europe and across the United States. http://www.geocities.com/ephauser

100. Costa Rica VIP Transfers, Tourism Transfers, Tours And Private Transportation Se Offers private transfer and transportation from the airport to the hotel or any destination around the country. http://www.costaricaviptransfers.com

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